Classical Biological Control of Saltcedar (Tamarix Spp.) in Oklahoma PDF Download
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Author: Alissa Marie Berro
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 99
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Book Description
Saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) covers nearly 86,000 acres in Oklahoma mostly in the western third of the state. A beetle, Diorhabda carinulata (Coleoptera: Chrysomellidae) has been released in nine western states as a biological control agent. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service asked that we attempt to introduce the beetle into the Great Salt Plains Wildlife Refuge in Oklahoma, which is infested with saltcedar. We surveyed three saltcedar stands (Lake site, Highway site, Marsh site) from 2009-2010 at the refuge that were selected for their unique ecological characteristics. Our objectives were to compare two sampling methods (vacuum and beat stick) for their capability to assess the diversity of insect predators in different saltcedar-dominated habitats and identify potential arboreal predators of D. carinulata. The results of the survey indicated that several arthropod predators were abundant enough to potentially effect the establishment of D. carinulata. Comparison of insect assemblages between sampling methods revealed that the vacuum sampling technique recovered more overall taxa but neither method recovered all taxa present highlighting the importance of employing multiple sampling methods. The most common insect predators collected were Coccinella septempunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in 2010 vacuum samples and Zelus tetracanthus (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) in 2009 vacuum and 2010 beat stick samples. Diversity indices (Shannon Diversity Index and Simpson Diversity Index) indicated that the Lake Site habitat was consistently more species rich than the Highway and Marsh Site. Two coccinellids, C. septempunctata and Hippodamia convergens, were identified as common predators present. We selected these two species for additional lab studies designed to evaluate the suitability of eggs and larvae of D. carinulata as a food source for the adults and larvae of both coccinellids. The studies revealed that D. carinulata is neither a suitable nor an acceptable food source for larval stages of both beetles. Adult lady beetles of both species attacked eggs and first instar D. carinulata larvae, but only one attack was recorded on a D. carinulata life stage beyond first instar. These results indicate that adult C. septempunctata and H. convergens could prove to be a limited predator of D. carinulata eggs and first instar larvae.
Author: Alissa Marie Berro
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 99
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Book Description
Saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) covers nearly 86,000 acres in Oklahoma mostly in the western third of the state. A beetle, Diorhabda carinulata (Coleoptera: Chrysomellidae) has been released in nine western states as a biological control agent. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service asked that we attempt to introduce the beetle into the Great Salt Plains Wildlife Refuge in Oklahoma, which is infested with saltcedar. We surveyed three saltcedar stands (Lake site, Highway site, Marsh site) from 2009-2010 at the refuge that were selected for their unique ecological characteristics. Our objectives were to compare two sampling methods (vacuum and beat stick) for their capability to assess the diversity of insect predators in different saltcedar-dominated habitats and identify potential arboreal predators of D. carinulata. The results of the survey indicated that several arthropod predators were abundant enough to potentially effect the establishment of D. carinulata. Comparison of insect assemblages between sampling methods revealed that the vacuum sampling technique recovered more overall taxa but neither method recovered all taxa present highlighting the importance of employing multiple sampling methods. The most common insect predators collected were Coccinella septempunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in 2010 vacuum samples and Zelus tetracanthus (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) in 2009 vacuum and 2010 beat stick samples. Diversity indices (Shannon Diversity Index and Simpson Diversity Index) indicated that the Lake Site habitat was consistently more species rich than the Highway and Marsh Site. Two coccinellids, C. septempunctata and Hippodamia convergens, were identified as common predators present. We selected these two species for additional lab studies designed to evaluate the suitability of eggs and larvae of D. carinulata as a food source for the adults and larvae of both coccinellids. The studies revealed that D. carinulata is neither a suitable nor an acceptable food source for larval stages of both beetles. Adult lady beetles of both species attacked eggs and first instar D. carinulata larvae, but only one attack was recorded on a D. carinulata life stage beyond first instar. These results indicate that adult C. septempunctata and H. convergens could prove to be a limited predator of D. carinulata eggs and first instar larvae.
Author: Charles Conrad Geraci
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Invasive plants
Languages : en
Pages : 180
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Book Description
Author: Anna Sher
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0199898200
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 513
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Book Description
Few plant species have had as much combined scientific, public, and political attention as exotic Tamarix spp (tamarisk, saltcedar). 24 essays by 44 authors explore its biology, ecology, politics, history, and management, reflecting the controversy that has arisen around its "invasion" and what should (or should not) be done.
Author: Janice Pachorek
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Tamarisks
Languages : en
Pages : 58
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Book Description
The invasion by non-native saltcedar (Tamarix L. spp.) has caused enormous damage on native plant and animal communities, especially in riparian ecosystems in areas of the western United States. The main methods of control currently used, mechanical, chemical and manual, have proven to be enormously expensive. In the last few years, biological control using an introduced leaf-eating beetle, Diorhabda elongata, has shown a very high potential for success. Success stories of biological control include saltcedar stands along the Humboldt River in Lovelock, Nevada where this beetle defoliated about 5,000 acres of saltcedar. The Colorado Noxious Weed Act of 1996, the State Weed Law and two bills passed by the 108th Congress have enabled county, city and state governments to utilize and implement management programs to target saltcedar. The intent of this research was to monitor and examine the effects of the chemical and mechanical treatments of saltcedar in Fremont County, Colorado. The results of this research indicate that chemical control has had a significant impact on killing saltcedar from pre-treatment status to post-one-year and post-two-year status. It was found that the Hydroaxe control method cleared areas of stands of saltcedar but new growth appeared form below the cut stump of the plant. Protocol for herbicide control, according to the manufacturer's label, recommends that treated areas should be left undisturbed for approximately three years after application.
Author: C. Jack DeLoach
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: C. Jack DeLoach
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Tom A. Royer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Invasive plants
Languages : en
Pages : 16
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Book Description
An overview of weed biological control programs in Oklahoma.
Author: Eugene E. Hughes
Publisher: Forgotten Books
ISBN: 9780260942968
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 22
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Book Description
Excerpt from Results of Field Applications of Herbicides for Control of Saltcedar (Tamarix Spp.) For aerial applications of foliage spray herbicides, plot size was x 72 feet, or 2 acres. Both helicopter and fixed-wing aircraft were used. Unless otherwise specified, all aerial applications of herbicides were applied at a volume of 10 gallons per acre. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Riparian ecology
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Animal Plant Health Inspection Service
Publisher: Forgotten Books
ISBN: 9780483498037
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 20
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Book Description
Excerpt from The Battle Against Saltcedars (Tamarix Spp.) Saltcedars are occasional weeds with minor impacts in the Eastern United States. However, in the Western United States, saltcedars are highly invasive weeds that infest more than million acres ha), causing economic losses that exceed $250 million annual ly. Invasive saltcedars can cause serious environmental damage by consuming excessive amounts of water, displacing native plant communities, increasing wildfire frequency and flooding risks, reducing wildlife habitats and recre ational areas, and increasing the salin ity of soil. In turn, these environmental conditions indirectly cause economic hardship to the agricultural industry municipal and regional water suppliers, and local governments. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
