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Author: E. O'Ballance
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 0230374689
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 258
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Book Description
The sixteen-year long civil war in Lebanon was caused by dissatisfaction over the distribution of political power. The system favoured Christians who fought to eject Palestinian armed forces, which sought to use the country as a spring board for attacks into adjacent Israel. Western intervention was repelled by suicide-bombing attacks. Lebanese Christians and Muslims sub-divided to fight each other. Dominated by competing war lords, this civil war was notable for massacres, treachery, atrocities, kidnapping, assassination, changing alliances of convenience, and invasions.
Author: E. O'Ballance
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 0230374689
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 258
Get Book Here
Book Description
The sixteen-year long civil war in Lebanon was caused by dissatisfaction over the distribution of political power. The system favoured Christians who fought to eject Palestinian armed forces, which sought to use the country as a spring board for attacks into adjacent Israel. Western intervention was repelled by suicide-bombing attacks. Lebanese Christians and Muslims sub-divided to fight each other. Dominated by competing war lords, this civil war was notable for massacres, treachery, atrocities, kidnapping, assassination, changing alliances of convenience, and invasions.
Author: E. O'Ballance
Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan
ISBN: 9780312215934
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 234
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Book Description
The sixteen-year long civil war in Lebanon was caused by dissatisfaction over the distribution of political power. The system favoured Christians who fought to eject Palestinian armed forces, which sought to use the country as a spring board for attacks into adjacent Israel. Western intervention was repelled by suicide-bombing attacks. Lebanese Christians and Muslims sub-divided to fight each other. Dominated by competing war lords, this civil war was notable for massacres, treachery, atrocities, kidnapping, assassination, changing alliances of convenience, and invasions.
Author: Edgar O'Ballance
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 1349136662
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 291
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Book Description
The Muslim President of Bosnia battled for almost two years in a 'war the West could not stop', against Serb and Croat separatism, to preserve its entity, saving its sovereignty, but losing half his territory. Western rivalries and changes of policy, endless negotiations, broken promises and cease-fires, and ethnic cleansing on a barbaric scale, with the appearance of concentration camps and atrocities, were the hallmarks of the conflict, of seige, bombardment and starvation, with semi-independent war-loards confiscating a proportion of UN and other food aid for themselves. Rival American and Russian initiatives in March 1994, brought about a cease-fire in Sarajevo, which had been constantly under the television spotlight while being bombarded for almost two years, which it was hoped would spread to other parts of Bosnia in media darkness. Ethnic forward battle lines may become new frontiers.
Author: Andrea Becker
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 3638126781
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 25
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Book Description
Seminar paper from the year 2001 in the subject Politics - Region: Near East, Near Orient, grade: very good, University of Wyoming (Department of Political Science), course: Politics and Government of the Middle East, language: English, abstract: “The war in Lebanon was the result of several highly connected internal and external conditions that have been in the making for a long time. ... Causal ... forces rooted in the existing social and political structures of the country, while [contributing forces] aggravated the internal conflicts and set the process of confrontation into motion, triggered a set of events already in the making that awaited only the proper time and place.” Regarding this quoted statement, the purpose of our paper is to show the reasons that led to the Civil War in Lebanon from 1975 till 1990. Usually, four causes can be found throughout the literature we used for this paper: the social context within Lebanon itself, namely the unbalanced sectarian or confessional system and socioeconomic problems, namely the United States, Israel and Syria. This paper mainly deals with the causes expressed above. We do not want to describe the war itself in all its details or provide a historical chronology, instead discussion of the war will be restricted to the description of landmark events. However, the named causes worked together in waging the Civil War. One cannot separate them from one another. Mutual interactions took place between them leading to bloodshed and hatred. The Lebanese people needed almost five decades to settle down these causes from which almost all were already present since the independence in 1943. The first attempt to resolve some of the problems with the National Pact of 1943 did not last long, before the second Civil War broke out in 1958. The latest peace agreement, the Taif Accord from 1990, reviewed most of the causes, trying to adopt political measures to prevent another outbreak of violence. Still, the accord did not get rid of the sectarian problem so far. This paper will not deal with these events in great details. References will be made according to their importance for the topic. In this regard, we try to answer not only the questions of the causes but also how they interrelated and how they contributed to the escalation of the situation in Lebanon. Our paper describes first the social context starting with the unbalanced confessional system, followed by the socioeconomic problems. Afterwards we want to write down how the Palestine issue contributed to the Civil war and how the external actors USA, Syria, and Israel caused more and more troubles, which led to the extent of the conflict.
Author: Līndā Ṣadaqah
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Lebanon
Languages : ar
Pages : 120
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Book Description
Author: Eleanor William Dahar
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Lebanon
Languages : en
Pages : 312
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Book Description
Author: Linda Sadaka
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Lebanon
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Author: Charles Nehme
Publisher: Charles Nehme
ISBN:
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 30
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Book Description
The Lebanese Civil War was a multifaceted civil war in Lebanon, lasting from 1975 to 1990 and resulting in an estimated 120,000 fatalities. As of 2012, approximately 76,000 people remain displaced within Lebanon. There was also an exodus of almost one million people from Lebanon as a result of the war. This is my story as a Kid hope you learn more about the ugly sides of wars, is nothing to do with netflix war movies. keywords: war book, civil war book, beirut, Lebanon, middle east conflict, Lebanon civil war, memoir, child experience
Author: Līndā Ṣadaqah
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : ar
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Author: Hala Jaber
Publisher: Columbia University Press
ISBN: 9780231108348
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 294
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Book Description
"Hezbollah" lifts the shroud of secrecy on the Shi'ite Muslim organization that has been synonymous with terror for the past 15 years. Jaber, a journalist specializing in Middle East coverage, was granted access to the Hezbollah's fighters, leaders, and strategists to prepare this exploration of the group's devotion to its cause. She also sheds light on Hezbollah's shadowy sister organization in Tehran. of photos.
