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Author: Elizabeth Kneebone
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 22
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Book Description
Though much has been written about the precipitous declines in crime since the 1990s, less is known about trends within the nation's big cities and suburbs. Two-thirds of the nation's population lives in the 100 largest metropolitan areas, but crime levels vary greatly across - and even within - these regions. To what extent have decreases in crime been shared across these communities? Moreover, crime fell over a period that coincided with considerable changes in the makeup and distribution of the country's metropolitan population. Do those changes help explain the steep declines in communitylevel crime? In this paper, [the authors] explore these questions by analyzing crime data compiled by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and data from the U.S. Census Bureau to provide a geographically-focused assessment of how crime rates have changed between 1990 and 2008. Specifically, we analyze data for the roughly 5,400 communities located within the 100 largest U.S. metropolitan areas. We estimate changes in metropolitan crime, as well as city and suburban trends within these regions. We then consider the relationship between community-level demographic characteristics and crime, and analyze how those relationships may have changed over time.
Author: Elizabeth Kneebone
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 22
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Book Description
Though much has been written about the precipitous declines in crime since the 1990s, less is known about trends within the nation's big cities and suburbs. Two-thirds of the nation's population lives in the 100 largest metropolitan areas, but crime levels vary greatly across - and even within - these regions. To what extent have decreases in crime been shared across these communities? Moreover, crime fell over a period that coincided with considerable changes in the makeup and distribution of the country's metropolitan population. Do those changes help explain the steep declines in communitylevel crime? In this paper, [the authors] explore these questions by analyzing crime data compiled by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and data from the U.S. Census Bureau to provide a geographically-focused assessment of how crime rates have changed between 1990 and 2008. Specifically, we analyze data for the roughly 5,400 communities located within the 100 largest U.S. metropolitan areas. We estimate changes in metropolitan crime, as well as city and suburban trends within these regions. We then consider the relationship between community-level demographic characteristics and crime, and analyze how those relationships may have changed over time.
Author: Yoonhwan Park
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Metropolitan areas
Languages : en
Pages : 222
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Book Description
This study examines the relationship between suburbanization and crime using census data and Uniform Crime Report (UCR) data from 1980 to 2000. A high crime rate might cause population flight toward suburban areas. At the same time, after controlling social, economic, and demographic characteristics, suburbanization might lead to a higher overall crime rate in metropolitan areas because of ecological impacts in isolated and poor communities. Thus, the causal relationship between suburbanization and crime could be reciprocal. While the majority of previous research has focused on causality from crime to suburbanization, few studies have explicitly recognized the issue of simultaneity or dealt with the opposite direction of causality---from suburbanization to crime. Suburbanization refers to a redistribution of population within a metropolitan area. It is theoretically possible that as a region suburbanizes, people and crime spread out proportionately, so that the metropolitan crime rate would be unaffected. In practice, however, suburbanization is not neutral with respect to income or crime. Because higher income people disproportionately move to the suburbs and lower income people are more likely to remain in the central city and inner-ring suburbs, I expect to find differential crime rates in these areas. Over and above this composition effect, poor neighborhoods may experience an independent and disproportionate effect on the crime rate caused by social isolation and neighborhood effects. High central city crime due to composition effects alone would not change the overall metropolitan crime rate, but higher central city crime due to social isolation would increase it. I use two methods to attempt to identify the effect of suburbanization on crime. First, we estimate a two-stage least squares models of the simultaneous relationship between suburbanization and crime. Second, to control for historical and urban life-cycle considerations that could affect both suburbanization and crime, I estimate fixed effect models on a 1980 to 2000 panel of metropolitan areas. This study examines how the spatial distribution of population in metropolitan areas has been affecting or has been affected by crime across several decades. The study provides following research findings: (1) both demographic and geographic characteristics play a role in explaining high crime rates. (2) Suburbanization causes crime after controlling for all omitted variables related to time and regional effects. (3) The relation between suburbanization and crime seems to be stronger for property crime than violent crime. (4) The result depends on the indicator used to measure suburbanization. (5) suburbanization affects crime rather than is affected by crime.
Author: Richard W. Dodge
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Victims of crimes
Languages : en
Pages : 6
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Book Description
Author: Anthony M. Orum
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119316871
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 676
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Book Description
COMPANION TO URBAN AND REGIONAL STUDIES Indispensable overview and timely coverage of the major issues, debates, and research topics in urban and regional studies Companion to Urban and Regional Studies offers an up-to-date view of the rapidly growing field, exploring a diversity of theoretical perspectives, current and emerging research, and critical global policy concerns. Uniquely broad in geographical and thematic scope, this comprehensive volume brings together essays by more than fifty international scholars and researchers to provide expert assessments spanning the many dimensions of urban studies. Organized into five parts, the Companion begins with a review of the current state of cities across East Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, North America, Europe, and Latin America, and all other world regions. Subsequent sections discuss contemporary theoretical perspectives, describe common methodological approaches used by urban scholars, and examine the political, social, and economic problems facing twenty-first century cities. Covering historical issues, current challenges, and comparative perspectives in urban studies, this timely resource: Addresses intensely debated policy issues such as governance, housing, immigration and migration, segregation, social mix, and gentrification Describes the use of demographic methods, advanced spatial analysis, social networks, policy mobilities, and ethnographies in urban studies research Discusses critical urban theory, feminist urban research, urbanization and environmental change, and the legacy of the Chicago School Covers contemporary research topics such as urban and regional inequalities, social heterogeneity and diversity, financialization Includes representative case studies of each region, including Australasia, Latin America, East Asia and South Asia Companion to Urban and Regional Studies is essential reading for scholars, researchers, practitioners, urban activists, and students, and it represents a must-have complement to The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Urban and Regional Studies.
Author: John J. Gibbs
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Government publications
Languages : en
Pages : 88
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Book Description
Author: Elizabeth Kneebone
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN: 0815723911
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 191
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Book Description
It has been nearly a half century since President Lyndon Johnson declared war on poverty. Back in the 1960s tackling poverty "in place" meant focusing resources in the inner city and in rural areas. The suburbs were seen as home to middle- and upper-class families—affluent commuters and homeowners looking for good schools and safe communities in which to raise their kids. But today's America is a very different place. Poverty is no longer just an urban or rural problem, but increasingly a suburban one as well. In Confronting Suburban Poverty in America, Elizabeth Kneebone and Alan Berube take on the new reality of metropolitan poverty and opportunity in America. After decades in which suburbs added poor residents at a faster pace than cities, the 2000s marked a tipping point. Suburbia is now home to the largest and fastest-growing poor population in the country and more than half of the metropolitan poor. However, the antipoverty infrastructure built over the past several decades does not fit this rapidly changing geography. As Kneebone and Berube cogently demonstrate, the solution no longer fits the problem. The spread of suburban poverty has many causes, including shifts in affordable housing and jobs, population dynamics, immigration, and a struggling economy. The phenomenon raises several daunting challenges, such as the need for more (and better) transportation options, services, and financial resources. But necessity also produces opportunity—in this case, the opportunity to rethink and modernize services, structures, and procedures so that they work in more scaled, cross-cutting, and resource-efficient ways to address widespread need. This book embraces that opportunity. Kneebone and Berube paint a new picture of poverty in America as well as the best ways to combat it. Confronting Suburban Poverty in America offers a series of workable recommendations for public, private, and nonprofit leaders seeking to modernize po
Author: Kathleen O'Leary Morgan
Publisher: Morgan Quitno Corporation
ISBN: 9780740109133
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 420
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Book Description
Author: Jason Beske
Publisher: Island Press
ISBN: 1610918630
Category : Architecture
Languages : en
Pages : 322
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Book Description
Investment has flooded back to cities because dense, walkable, mixed-use urban environments offer choices that support diverse dreams. Auto-oriented, single-use suburbs have a hard time competing. Suburban Remix brings together experts in planning, urban design, real estate development, and urban policy to demonstrate how suburbs can use growing demand for urban living to renew their appeal as places to live, work, play, and invest. The case studies and analysis show how compact new urban places are being created in suburbs to produce health, economic, and environmental benefits, and contribute to solving a growing equity crisis.
Author: Michelle Inderbitzin
Publisher: SAGE Publications
ISBN: 1544395787
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 657
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Book Description
Deviance and Social Control: A Sociological Perspective provides a sociological examination of deviant behavior in society, with a significant focus on the major sociological theories of deviance and society’s reaction to deviance using readings from classic and current research.
Author:
Publisher: Universal Reference Publications (CT)
ISBN: 9781891482847
Category : Cities and towns
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
This volume includes over 20 years of crime statistics in all major crime categories: violent crimes, property crimes and total crime. Crime in America's Top-Rated Cities is conveniently arranged by city and covers 76 top-rated cities. Crime in America's Top-Rated Cities offers details that compare the number of crimes and crime rates for the city, suburbs and metro area and national crime trends for violent, property and total crimes. Also, this handbook contains important information and statistics on Anti-Crime Programs, Crime Risk, Hate Crimes, Illegal Drugs, Law Enforcement, Correctional Facilities, Death Penalty Laws and much more. A much-needed resource for people who are relocating, business professionals, general researchers, the press, law enforcement officials and students of criminal justice.
