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Author: Firdous Hussain
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN: 9783848413492
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 76
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Book Description
This book reviews the profound and far-reaching concepts that have arisen from the very significant advances in our understanding of chromatin biology from its structural organization to its inevitable impact on transcription. This book aims to be a comprehensive handbook covering the areas in which the regulation of transcription by chromatin dynamics is important, addressing how the various chromatin modification are involved in various cellular processes like gene expression, DNA replication, DNA repair, and DNA recombination and how the chromatin remodeling complexes influences the accessibility of the DNA to cellular transcriptional machinery.
Author: Firdous Hussain
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN: 9783848413492
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 76
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Book Description
This book reviews the profound and far-reaching concepts that have arisen from the very significant advances in our understanding of chromatin biology from its structural organization to its inevitable impact on transcription. This book aims to be a comprehensive handbook covering the areas in which the regulation of transcription by chromatin dynamics is important, addressing how the various chromatin modification are involved in various cellular processes like gene expression, DNA replication, DNA repair, and DNA recombination and how the chromatin remodeling complexes influences the accessibility of the DNA to cellular transcriptional machinery.
Author: Roumen G. Tsanev
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780849368035
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 288
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Book Description
Replication and Transcription of Chromatin summarizes the main structural features of chromatin and presents results on replication and transcription gained over the last 20 years. The book emphasizes DNA-histone complexes and their importance in restricting genetic information encoded in DNA. Figures are used to illustrate many of the most important concepts of chromatin replication and transcription, and promising hypotheses and models are discussed to promote further research. Replication and Transcription of Chromatin is an important reference for biochemists, biophysicists, molecular biologists, cell biologists, and other researchers interested in this topic.
Author: Renato Paro
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030686701
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 215
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Book Description
This open access textbook leads the reader from basic concepts of chromatin structure and function and RNA mechanisms to the understanding of epigenetics, imprinting, regeneration and reprogramming. The textbook treats epigenetic phenomena in animals, as well as plants. Written by four internationally known experts and senior lecturers in this field, it provides a valuable tool for Master- and PhD- students who need to comprehend the principles of epigenetics, or wish to gain a deeper knowledge in this field. After reading this book, the student will: Have an understanding of the basic toolbox of epigenetic regulation Know how genetic and epigenetic information layers are interconnected Be able to explain complex epigenetic phenomena by understanding the structures and principles of the underlying molecular mechanisms Understand how misregulated epigenetic mechanisms can lead to disease
Author: Philip Meneely
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN: 0198809905
Category : Eukaryotic cells
Languages : en
Pages : 491
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Book Description
How do we know what role a particular gene has? How do some genes control the expression of others? How do genes interact to form gene networks? With its unique integration of genetics and molecular biology, Genetic Analysis probes fascinating questions such as these, detailing how our understanding of key genetic phenomena can be used to understand biological systems. Opening with a brief overview of key genetic principles, model organisms, and epigenetics, the book goes on to explore the use of gene mutations and the analysis of gene expression and activity. A discussion of the interactions of genes during suppression, synthetic enhancement, and epistasis follows, which is then expanded into a consideration of genetic networks and personal genomics. Drawing on the latest experimental tools, including CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing, microarrays, RNAi screens, and bioinformatics approaches, Genetic Analysis provides a state-of-the-art review of the field, but in a truly student-friendly manner. It uses extended case studies and text boxes to augment the narrative, taking the reader right to the forefront of contemporary research, without losing its clarity of explanation and insight. We are in an age where, despite knowing so much about biological systems, we are just beginning to realise how much more there is still to understand. Genetic Analysis is the ideal guide to how we can use the awesome power of molecular genetics to further our understanding.
Author: Bryan M. Turner
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0865427437
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 312
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Book Description
Written in an informal and accessible style, Chromatin and Gene Regulation enables the reader to understand the science of this rapidly moving field. Chromatin is a fundamental component in the network of controls that regulates gene expression. Many human diseases have been linked to disruption of these control processes by genetic or environmental factors, and unravelling the mechanisms by which they operate is one of the most exciting and rapidly developing areas of modern biology. Chromatin is central both to the rapid changes in gene transcription by which cells respond to changes in their environment and also to the maintenance of gene expression patterns from one cell generation to the next. This book will be an invaluable guide to undergraduate and postgraduate students in the biological sciences and all those with an interest in the medical implications of aberrant gene expression.
Author: Pooja Gupta
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781109532166
Category : Chromatin
Languages : en
Pages : 162
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Book Description
In living cells, DNA is wrapped around proteins called histones in the form of chromatin fibers which limit its accessibility to proteins and protein complexes involved in DNA transcription, replication, recombination and repair. These processes occur throughout the life of a cell, and therefore chromatin structure must change to allow the genetic information of the DNA to be processed. The classical biochemical and biophysical methods used in chromatin research are population-averaged methods, which assess properties of the whole population of macromolecules. They are neither capable of detecting possible heterogeneities among individual molecules nor of observing transitional structural changes in real-time. On the other hand, recently developed single-molecule methods allow observation of individual molecules in real-time, thus providing molecular parameters important for understanding structural dynamics. Single molecule techniques can be sorted into several groups: (i) imaging methods (AFM), (ii) fluorescence methods, used to study structural changes, either spontaneous or occurring during biochemical processes like enzymatic action, and (iii) methods that allow application and measurements of force. The latter probe the mechanical response of biomacromolecules to applied stretching force or torque. Applying single-molecule techniques to the study of chromatin is especially advantageous in view of the complexity of its structure and the enormous heterogeneity in terms of post-synthetic modifications. Nucleosome assembly and transcription are related because they address the broader issue of how cellular machineries deal with the organization of DNA into chromatin structure. The answer to these questions will lead to a better understanding of whether the enzymatic machineries, by themselves being molecular motors, can deal with chromatin structure, or whether they need the help of external factors to do so. Specifically, we aim at understanding the behaviour of the chromatin fiber upon external application of tension and/or torsion to mimic similar conditions created by physiological processes in vivo . My work is aimed at studying the dynamics of chromatin fibers and transcription through nucleosomes with the use of home-built magnetic tweezers (MT). In this instrumental set-up, a single DNA molecule is attached at one of its termini to the surface of the observation chamber and at the other terminus to a magnetic bead. Manipulation of the magnetic bead with the help of external magnets allows the introduction of positive or negative supercoiling in the DNA molecule, as well as stretching it with a defined force. This set-up was used to approach the following issues: (1) Nucleosome assembly in real-time on topologically-constrained DNA molecules using Magnetic Tweezers Assembly was achieved using chicken erythrocyte core histones and histone chaperone protein Nap1 under constant low force. We observed partial assembly when the DNA was topologically-constrained and complete assembly on unconstrained (nicked) DNA tethers. To verify that the lack of full nucleosome assembly on topologically-constrained tethers was due to compensatory accumulation of positive supercoiling in the rest of the template, we performed experiments in which we mechanically relieved the positive supercoiling by rotating the external magnetic field at certain time points of the assembly process. Such rotation did lead to complete saturation of the template with nucleosomes. (2) Effect of histone H2A.Z on transcription depending on the DNA sequence Recent observations have shown that some histone variants that are deposited in nonreplicating chromatin are found in genes that are actively transcribed. Although the phenomenology of the deposition process is more or less understood, the structural consequences of the presence of these variants are unclear. My work addresses the issue of whether the 'active' variants H3.3 and H2A.Z directly affect the ability of reconstituted nucleosomes to be transcribed. We used nucleosomal particles reconstituted with human recombinant core histones and naturally occurring nucleosome positioning sequences. T7 RNA polymerase was used as a model enzyme to transcribe reconstituted nucleosomes containing either canonical human recombinant histones, or two histone variants, H2A.Z or H3.3, whose presence has been associated with active transcription. H2A.Z-containing nucleosomes were refractive to transcription, with the actual level of transcription determined by the sequence of the underlying DNA template. These results underscore the interplay between the presence of H2A.Z and the DNA sequence in determining transcription through nucleosomes. (3) Fate of nucleosome during transcription elongation using magnetic tweezers We used an array of nucleosomes reconstituted on 18 tandem repeats of nucleosomal positioning DNA containing 208 bp. For transcription through nucleosomes we used a nucleosomal array construct and T7 RNA polymerase molecules freely moving along the DNA tether. Bulk transcription experiments were carried out to confirm that transcription occurred under our experimental conditions. In the MT experiments, transcription on the freely moving polymerase construct was achieved using transcription buffer, T7 RNA polymerase, RNase A and all four NTPs. We observed a net extension in the DNA length during transcription due to nucleosome disassembly. When analyzing the step size of both upward steps and downward steps, a dominant peak at ~50 nm was observed which may be due to the release of entire octamer.
Author: Jean-Philippe Lambert
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889719219
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 157
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 008085916X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 465
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Book Description
Chromatin and Chromosomal Protein Research IV
Author: Christer Ericsson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Chromatin
Languages : en
Pages : 154
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Book Description
Author: Carl Wu
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080497152
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 585
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Book Description
DNA in the nucleus of plant and animal cells is stored in the form of chromatin. Chromatin and the chromatin remodelling enzymes play an important role in gene transcription. Genetic assays of chromatin modification and remodeling Histone modifying enzymes ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling enzymes
