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Author: Mohammad Ali Eghbal
Publisher: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada
ISBN: 9780612916364
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 402
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Book Description
Exposure of isolated hepatocytes to NaHS led to GSH depletion. CYP450 inhibitors were protective against NaHS toxicity and prevented GSH depletion. Methionine was protective against NaHS and its effect was overcome by inhibition of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase by adenosine. This suggests that S-adenosyhnethionine dependent methylation can detoxify H2S in the liver. The H 2O2 scavengers were protective against H2S toxicity. H2S induced ROS formation was dose dependent and pyruvate inhibited this ROS production. Nontoxic concentrations of H2S enhanced the cytotoxicity of H2O2 generated by glucose/glucose oxidase, which was inhibited by CYP450 inhibitors. Furthermore hepatocyte ROS formation induced by H2S was decreased by CYP450 inhibitors cimetidine and benzyleimidazole. Therefore CYP450-dependent metabolism of H2S is responsible for inducing ROS production. H2S induced cytotoxicity was preceded by mitochondrial depolarization. In this project, two aspects of the action of hydrogen sulfide and reactive sulfur species have been studied: cytotoxic and cytoprotective effects. Freshly isolated hepatocytes have been used in order to examine the prevalence and mechanisms of the different sulfide dependent processes that influence cell survival and death. Our hypothesis is that the exogenous application of high concentrations of HS and other reactive sulfur species to isolated hepatocytes in the presence of various modulators will provide a rapid mechanism dependent screen for ways in which reactive sulfur species can modulate cell survival and death. NaHS and/or garlic/onion derived organosulfur compounds, Allyl mercaptan (AM) and Propyl mercaptan (PM) protected hepatocytes against hydroquinone, methylbenzoquinone, and 5-hydroxynaphtoquinone. NaHS and mercaptans increased the cytotoxicity of tert-butylhydroquinone. Treatment of these benzoquinones with allyl mercaptan, propanethiol or NaHS led to formation of new compounds which by MS/MS analysis were identified as mercaptan conjugates of corresponding hydroquinones. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)H2S, allyl mercaptan (AM), propyl mercaptan (PM), diallyl disulfide (DADS) and diallyl sulfide (DAS) prevented hepatocyte toxicity induced by allyl alcohol, 1-bromoethanol and their toxic metabolites. MS/MS spectrometry revealed adduct formation between AM and/or PM with the acrolein and/or haloacetaldehyde formed by the metabolism of allyl alcohol and alpha-haloethanol. H 2S or garlic and onion mercaptans are cytoprotective by trapping toxic aldehyde metabolites and/or by preventing lipid peroxidation.
![Chemico-biological Interactions of Sulfide and Organosulfur Compounds [microform] PDF](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/MnzkygAACAAJ?fife=w80-h100)
Author: Mohammad Ali Eghbal
Publisher: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada
ISBN: 9780612916364
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 402
Get Book Here
Book Description
Exposure of isolated hepatocytes to NaHS led to GSH depletion. CYP450 inhibitors were protective against NaHS toxicity and prevented GSH depletion. Methionine was protective against NaHS and its effect was overcome by inhibition of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase by adenosine. This suggests that S-adenosyhnethionine dependent methylation can detoxify H2S in the liver. The H 2O2 scavengers were protective against H2S toxicity. H2S induced ROS formation was dose dependent and pyruvate inhibited this ROS production. Nontoxic concentrations of H2S enhanced the cytotoxicity of H2O2 generated by glucose/glucose oxidase, which was inhibited by CYP450 inhibitors. Furthermore hepatocyte ROS formation induced by H2S was decreased by CYP450 inhibitors cimetidine and benzyleimidazole. Therefore CYP450-dependent metabolism of H2S is responsible for inducing ROS production. H2S induced cytotoxicity was preceded by mitochondrial depolarization. In this project, two aspects of the action of hydrogen sulfide and reactive sulfur species have been studied: cytotoxic and cytoprotective effects. Freshly isolated hepatocytes have been used in order to examine the prevalence and mechanisms of the different sulfide dependent processes that influence cell survival and death. Our hypothesis is that the exogenous application of high concentrations of HS and other reactive sulfur species to isolated hepatocytes in the presence of various modulators will provide a rapid mechanism dependent screen for ways in which reactive sulfur species can modulate cell survival and death. NaHS and/or garlic/onion derived organosulfur compounds, Allyl mercaptan (AM) and Propyl mercaptan (PM) protected hepatocytes against hydroquinone, methylbenzoquinone, and 5-hydroxynaphtoquinone. NaHS and mercaptans increased the cytotoxicity of tert-butylhydroquinone. Treatment of these benzoquinones with allyl mercaptan, propanethiol or NaHS led to formation of new compounds which by MS/MS analysis were identified as mercaptan conjugates of corresponding hydroquinones. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)H2S, allyl mercaptan (AM), propyl mercaptan (PM), diallyl disulfide (DADS) and diallyl sulfide (DAS) prevented hepatocyte toxicity induced by allyl alcohol, 1-bromoethanol and their toxic metabolites. MS/MS spectrometry revealed adduct formation between AM and/or PM with the acrolein and/or haloacetaldehyde formed by the metabolism of allyl alcohol and alpha-haloethanol. H 2S or garlic and onion mercaptans are cytoprotective by trapping toxic aldehyde metabolites and/or by preventing lipid peroxidation.
Author: Stephen C. Mitchell
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 0203362527
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 236
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Book Description
This text focuses on the biological interactions of sulphur compounds which arise specifically from the presence of the sulphur atom within the molecule. The book opens with introductory chapters on the chemistry and biology of sulphur, before tackling the field by introducing compounds which share a common chemical combination. In general, following a description of the uses and impact upon the biological field, specific chemical group characteristics are discussed together with the biological activity and structure-activity relationships where known. The toxicity of such compounds, their consequences in biochemical and clinical terms, and their mechanisms of biological interaction are then addressed.
Author: Tony Romeo
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540754180
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 302
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Book Description
Throughout the biological world, bacteria thrive predominantly in surface-attached, matrix-enclosed, multicellular communities or biofilms, as opposed to isolated planktonic cells. This choice of lifestyle is not trivial, as it involves major shifts in the use of genetic information and cellular energy, and has profound consequences for bacterial physiology and survival. Growth within a biofilm can thwart immune function and antibiotic therapy and thereby complicate the treatment of infectious diseases, especially chronic and foreign device-associated infections. Modern studies of many important biofilms have advanced well beyond the descriptive stage, and have begun to provide molecular details of the structural, biochemical, and genetic processes that drive biofilm formation and its dispersion. There is much diversity in the details of biofilm development among various species, but there are also commonalities. In most species, environmental and nutritional conditions greatly influence biofilm development. Similar kinds of adhesive molecules often promote biofilm formation in diverse species. Signaling and regulatory processes that drive biofilm development are often conserved, especially among related bacteria. Knowledge of such processes holds great promise for efforts to control biofilm growth and combat biofilm-associated infections. This volume focuses on the biology of biofilms that affect human disease, although it is by no means comprehensive. It opens with chapters that provide the reader with current perspectives on biofilm development, physiology, environmental, and regulatory effects, the role of quorum sensing, and resistance/phenotypic persistence to antimicrobial agents during biofilm growth.
Author: Mirtat Bouroushian
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642039677
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 365
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Book Description
The author provides a unified account of the electrochemical material science of metal chalcogenide (MCh) compounds and alloys with regard to their synthesis, processing and applications. Starting with the chemical fundamentals of the chalcogens and their major compounds, the initial part of the book includes a systematic description of the MCh solids on the basis of the Periodic Table in terms of their structures and key properties. This is followed by a general discussion on the electrochemistry of chalcogen species, and the principles underlying the electrochemical formation of inorganic compounds/alloys. The core of the book offers an insight into available experimental results and inferences regarding the electrochemical preparation and microstructural control of conventional and novel MCh structures. It also aims to survey their photoelectrochemistry, both from a material-oriented point of view and as connected to specific processes such as photocatalysis and solar energy conversion. Finally, the book illustrates the relevance of MCh materials to various applications of electrochemical interest such as (electro)catalysis in fuel cells, energy storage with intercalation electrodes, and ion sensing.
Author: J. Derek Woollins
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642206999
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 326
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Book Description
Our knowledge of the chemistry of selenium and tellurium has seen significant progress in the last few decades. This monograph comprises contributions from leading scientists on the latest research into the synthesis, structure and bonding of novel selenium and tellurium compounds. It provides insight into mechanistic studies of these compounds and describes coordination chemistry involving selenium and tellurium containing ligands. Contributions also describe the theoretical and spectroscopic studies of selenium and tellurium compounds. Additionally, this monograph outlines the applications of selenium and tellurium in biological systems, materials science and as reagents in organic synthesis and shows how these applications have been a fundamental driving force behind the research into the inorganic and organic chemistry these fascinating elements.
Author: Christiane Dahl
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540726829
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 329
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Book Description
This revealing book details recent developments in the study of the relationship between sulfur and the microbial agents that affect its metabolism. In recent years, new methods have been applied to study the biochemistry and molecular biology of reactions of the global sulfur cycle, the microorganisms involved and their physiology, metabolism and ecology. These activities have uncovered fascinating new insights for the understanding of aerobic and anaerobic sulfur metabolism.
Author: Fabian Mohr
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527320865
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 425
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Book Description
Written by world-class authors, this most recent major book on the topic highlights new and current trends as well as future directions. It is comprehensive in its scope, covering all aspects of gold chemistry -- from homogeneous to heterogeneous catalysis, from supramolecular assemblies to sensors and medicinal applications. The result is an invaluable work for both organic and inorganic chemists working in universities and industry, as well as material scientists.
Author: Charles D. Amsler
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 354074181X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 322
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Book Description
Yet another Springer world-beater, this is the first ever book devoted to the chemical ecology of algae. It covers both marine and freshwater habitats and all types of algae, from seaweeds to phytoplankton. While the book emphasizes the ecological rather than chemical aspects of the field, it does include a unique introductory chapter that serves as a primer on algal natural products chemistry.
Author: Tamejiro Hiyama
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3662041642
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 281
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Book Description
In view of increasing interest in organofluorine compounds, this book was undertaken to describe biological and physical properties of organofluorine compounds, synthetic methods of these, their roles in pharmaceutical, agrochemical and material sciences. In particular, the book will emphasize on the usefulness of fluorination reaction, availability of fluorination agents, so that even graduate students who are unfamiliar to this field can understand and participate in this fascinating heteroatom chemistry.
Author: Radek Cibulka
Publisher: Wiley-VCH
ISBN: 9783527348343
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 300
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Book Description
The book gives a unique overview of this rapidly developing research field, presenting structures and properties of flavin derivatives as well as their proven application as bioinspired catalysts in various organocatalytic, biocatalytic, and photocatalytic reactions.
