Changes in the Position of the Jewish Communities of Palestine and Syria in Mid-19th Century PDF Download
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Jews
Languages : en
Pages : 1
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Jews
Languages : en
Pages : 1
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Book Description
Author: Gilbar
Publisher: BRILL
ISBN: 9004661468
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 364
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Book Description
Like other regions within the Ottoman Empire, Palestine at the turn of the nineteenth century underwent extensive economic and social changes. These encompassed the demography, society and economics of the various ecological groups of the population. The articles in this volume present different aspects of this long and complex process. They fall thematically into four groups. The first, which includes articles by U.O. Schmelz and Ruth Kark, focuses on demographic and urban developments. the second, with articles by Ya'akov Firestone and Yossi Ben-Artzi, offers various views of changes in the village and in agriculture in Palestine. The third part, containing articles by Shmuel Avitsur, Walter Pinhas Pick, Nachum T. Gross and Alex Carmel, covers several areas in the historical development of the industrial and services branches. Finally, the articles in the fourth section, by Oded Peri, Gabriel Baer and Clinton Bailey, examine questions in the sphere of fiscal developments. Included are studies on Arab and Jewish as well as nomadic, rural and urban societies. The consequences of economic activity in the private and public sectors and of local and foreign entrepreneurs are examined. In several articles the authros trace the changes that occurred in traditional insitutions such as the Muslim waqf, while others focus on the introduction of the new economic institutions such as the modern bank and railway.
Author: Y. Barnay
Publisher: University of Alabama Press
ISBN: 9780817305727
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 324
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Book Description
Research reveals a clear connection between the legal and social status of the Jews in Palestine in the 18th century and their ties with the Diaspora. The Jews who had immigrated to Palestine in that period were mostly poor and elderly. The country was economically backward and politically unstable, which made it impossible for the immigrants to support themselves through productive work. Therefore they lived off the contributions of their brethren overseas. Taxes and fees imposed by the Ottoman rulers increased the financial desperation of the Jews in Palestine. Prohibitions against young unmarried immigrant men and women made for an unstable population largely of old men, many of whom died shortly after immigrating. Families succumbed to disease, earthquakes, and famine, but in the face of these problems, the Jewish communities in Palestine persevered. When financial support ceased at the beginning of the 18th century, it caused a sever crisis in the Yishuv (the Jewish settlement in Palestine). The Jews were unable to repay their debts to the Moslems, and many left the country. In 1726, a central organization was established in Istanbul to coordinate the Diaspora financial support of the Jews in Palestine. This Istanbul Committee of Officials oversaw the collection of support money for the Yishuv, managed the Palestine community's budget, established regulations for governing the communities, and settled disputes between the Jews and the gentiles. The importance of the Yishuv in the spiritual life of the Diaspora alone could not ensure the continuation of the Istanbul Officials was crucial. Fortunately, a registry containing copies of 500 letters written by the Istanbul Committee in the mid-18th century was preserved in the archives of the Jewish Theological Seminary. These letters reveal the extensive activity involving the Istanbul Committee and the Ottoman authorities, the Jews of Palestine, and the Diaspora. In this English translation of the original 1982 volume published in Hebrew, Barnai has updated his research to take into account recent scholarship. He concludes that during the period under review, the number of Jews in the Yishuv was actually very small, but they were completely dependent upon the charitable financial support of their brethren overseas, as well as the goodwill of the country's rulers.
Author: Alan Dowty
Publisher: Indiana University Press
ISBN: 0253038669
Category : Arab-Israeli conflict
Languages : en
Pages : 314
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When did the Arab-Israeli conflict begin? Some discussions focus on the 1967 war, some go back to the creation of the state of Israel in 1948, and others look to the beginning of the British Mandate in 1929. Alan Dowty, however, traces the earliest roots of the conflict to the Ottoman Empire in the 19th century, arguing that this historical approach highlights constant clashes between religious and ethnic groups in Palestine. He demonstrates that existing Arab residents viewed new Jewish settlers as European and shares evidence of overwhelming hostility to foreigners from European lands. He shows that Jewish settlers had tremendous incentive to minimize all obstacles to settlement, including the inconvenient hostility of the existing population. Dowty's thorough research reveals how events that occurred over 125 years ago shaped the implacable conflict that dominates the Middle East today.
Author: Chaim V. Katz
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Jews
Languages : en
Pages : 1044
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Author: Chaim V. Katz
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Jews
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
This work is a study of Jewish life in Palestine in the nineteenth century, based on contemporary halakhic and rabbinic documents. The period under consideration begins with the arrival of the followers of the Gaon of Vilna - the Perushim - beginning circa 1806, and ends in the late 1890's with the ascendancy of the new Yishuv, For the Jewish community, the entire period was marked by struggle. This work focuses on three aspects of this struggle: spiritual, material, and social. Section I describes the Jewish community's confrontations with ideological forces. Chapter one describes the most influential and far-reaching of these forces: the rise of the philosophy of messianic activism. The Perushim brought with them a novel perception of the role of the Jewish people in its own salvation. Instead of passively waiting for the arrival of the Messiah, they wished to rebuild the ancient Jewish homeland and thereby expedite the arrival of the messianic age. Had this radical new philosophy become the mainstream of Orthodox thinking, the subsequent history of the Jewish people might have been very different. In spite of the attempts of such proto-Zionist thinkers as Rabbi Akiva Joseph Schlesinger, however, most fundamentalist circles came to reject this revolutionary ideology. Chapter two describes what was, perhaps, the greatest threat to traditional Judaism until secularism began to dominate Jewish life towards the end of the period discussed in this thesis - the missionaries. This was a central preoccupation for the Jews of Palestine throughout the century. Chapter three recounts the controversy surrounding proposals to introduce the Jews to modern education. Section II describes the struggle of the Jews to cope with the difficult material conditions which prevailed in Palestine throughout the century. Chapter four shows the pervasive influence of what was, for many Jews, their only source of income - the halukkah charity system. Chapter five discusses the growth of the Jewish population, and the demographic changes it experienced. Chapter six describes the commercial life of those Jews who were not totally dependent on the halukkah, particularly the dramatic growth of the export trade in etrogim. Section III describes the society the Jews lived in during the period and the events that moulded it. Chapter seven describes Jewish society at the level of petty politics. Chapter eight outlines the Jews' relationships with their Abstract - iii Gentile neighbours as well as their Turkish or Egyptian rulers. Chapter nine discusses several subjects, including the string of natural disasters which befell the Jewish community, from plagues to earthquakes. The chapter also discusses many aspects of everyday life, including marriage, communications, and health. Finally, Chapter ten describes the division between the Sephardim and the Ashkenazim, and the rise of the Ashkenazi community to its position of parity. The chapter analyzes the causes of friction between the two communities, as well as the bonds that united them. At the suggestion of my supervisor. Dr. T. V. Parfitt, I have limited my primary source material to rabbinic documents produced in Palestine during the period. This approach has allowed me to present the Jews of Palestine as they described themselves, rather than as outsiders saw them, and has provided a fascinating new perspective on this important historical subject. Contemporary material from non-rabbinic sources and modern historical analyses have been included only for illustrative or comparative purposes. Almost all of the translations in this thesis are mine. In certain places, I have made minor adjustments to the literal translation for the sake of clarity. The body of relevant rabbinic and halakhic literature encompasses a wide variety of texts. The rabbis and scholars of this period had many means of expressing their opinions on halakhic and other issues. This research has uncovered books, sermons, obituaries, novellae, responsa, letters, and numerous hand-written manuscripts, many of them never previously researched.
Author: Stanford J. Shaw
Publisher: NYU Press
ISBN: 0814779581
Category : Religion
Languages : en
Pages : 404
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Book Description
The Ottoman Turks provided refuge for Jews fleeing from persecution in Europe and Byzantium from the emergence of the Ottoman Empire in the 13th century until the 19th century, when it also received thousands of Jews persecuted in Tzarist Russia, and the 20th century, when it provided refuge for Jews fleeing from Russian pogroms and the Nazi holocaust. Shaw's study is the product of some 35 years of research on Ottoman history. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Author: Kushner
Publisher: BRILL
ISBN: 9004661476
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 446
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Book Description
Author: Hasia R. Diner
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0190240946
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 721
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Book Description
"The reality of diaspora has shaped Jewish history, its demography, its economic relationships, and the politics which that impacted the lives of Jews with each other and with the non-Jews among whom they lived. Jews have moved around the globe since the beginning of their history, maintaining relationships with their former Jewish neighbors, who had chosen other destinations and at the same time forging relationships in their new homes with Jews from widely different places of origin"--
Author: Alanna E. Cooper
Publisher: Indiana University Press
ISBN: 0253006430
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 335
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Book Description
Part ethnography, part history, and part memoir, this volume chronicles the complex past and dynamic present of an ancient Mizrahi community. While intimately tied to the Central Asian landscape, the Jews of Bukhara have also maintained deep connections to the wider Jewish world. As the community began to disperse after the fall of the Soviet Union, Alanna E. Cooper traveled to Uzbekistan to document Jewish life before it disappeared. Drawing on ethnographic research there as well as among immigrants to the US and Israel, Cooper tells an intimate and personal story about what it means to be Bukharan Jewish. Together with her historical research about a series of dramatic encounters between Bukharan Jews and Jews in other parts of the world, this lively narrative illuminates the tensions inherent in maintaining Judaism as a single global religion over the course of its long and varied diaspora history.
