Author: Charles Watson
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0080920489
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 216
Book Description
The authors of the most cited neuroscience publication, The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates, have written this introductory textbook for neuroscience students. The text is clear and concise, and offers an excellent introduction to the essential concepts of neuroscience. - Based on contemporary neuroscience research rather than old-style medical school neuroanatomy - Thorough treatment of motor and sensory systems - A detailed chapter on human cerebral cortex - The neuroscience of consciousness, memory, emotion, brain injury, and mental illness - A comprehensive chapter on brain development - A summary of the techniques of brain research - A detailed glossary of neuroscience terms - Illustrated with over 130 color photographs and diagrams This book will inspire and inform students of neuroscience. It is designed for beginning students in the health sciences, including psychology, nursing, biology, and medicine. - Clearly and concisely written for easy comprehension by beginning students - Based on contemporary neuroscience research rather than the concepts of old-style medical school neuroanatomy - Thorough treatment of motor and sensory systems - A detailed chapter on human cerebral cortex - Discussion of the neuroscience of conscience, memory, cognitive function, brain injury, and mental illness - A comprehensive chapter on brain development - A summary of the techniques of brain research - A detailed glossary of neuroscience terms - Illustrated with over 100 color photographs and diagrams
The Brain
Author: Charles Watson
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0080920489
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 216
Book Description
The authors of the most cited neuroscience publication, The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates, have written this introductory textbook for neuroscience students. The text is clear and concise, and offers an excellent introduction to the essential concepts of neuroscience. - Based on contemporary neuroscience research rather than old-style medical school neuroanatomy - Thorough treatment of motor and sensory systems - A detailed chapter on human cerebral cortex - The neuroscience of consciousness, memory, emotion, brain injury, and mental illness - A comprehensive chapter on brain development - A summary of the techniques of brain research - A detailed glossary of neuroscience terms - Illustrated with over 130 color photographs and diagrams This book will inspire and inform students of neuroscience. It is designed for beginning students in the health sciences, including psychology, nursing, biology, and medicine. - Clearly and concisely written for easy comprehension by beginning students - Based on contemporary neuroscience research rather than the concepts of old-style medical school neuroanatomy - Thorough treatment of motor and sensory systems - A detailed chapter on human cerebral cortex - Discussion of the neuroscience of conscience, memory, cognitive function, brain injury, and mental illness - A comprehensive chapter on brain development - A summary of the techniques of brain research - A detailed glossary of neuroscience terms - Illustrated with over 100 color photographs and diagrams
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0080920489
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 216
Book Description
The authors of the most cited neuroscience publication, The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates, have written this introductory textbook for neuroscience students. The text is clear and concise, and offers an excellent introduction to the essential concepts of neuroscience. - Based on contemporary neuroscience research rather than old-style medical school neuroanatomy - Thorough treatment of motor and sensory systems - A detailed chapter on human cerebral cortex - The neuroscience of consciousness, memory, emotion, brain injury, and mental illness - A comprehensive chapter on brain development - A summary of the techniques of brain research - A detailed glossary of neuroscience terms - Illustrated with over 130 color photographs and diagrams This book will inspire and inform students of neuroscience. It is designed for beginning students in the health sciences, including psychology, nursing, biology, and medicine. - Clearly and concisely written for easy comprehension by beginning students - Based on contemporary neuroscience research rather than the concepts of old-style medical school neuroanatomy - Thorough treatment of motor and sensory systems - A detailed chapter on human cerebral cortex - Discussion of the neuroscience of conscience, memory, cognitive function, brain injury, and mental illness - A comprehensive chapter on brain development - A summary of the techniques of brain research - A detailed glossary of neuroscience terms - Illustrated with over 100 color photographs and diagrams
The Physics of the Mind and Brain Disorders
Author: Ioan Opris
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319296744
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 782
Book Description
This book covers recent advances in the understanding of brain structure, function and disorders based on the fundamental principles of physics. It covers a broad range of physical phenomena occurring in the brain circuits for perception, cognition, emotion and action, representing the building blocks of the mind. It provides novel insights into the devastating brain disorders of the mind such as schizophrenia, dementia, autism, aging or addictions, as well as into the new devices for brain repair. The book is aimed at basic researchers in the fields of neuroscience, physics, biophysics and clinicians in the fields of neurology, neurosurgery, psychology, psychiatry.
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319296744
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 782
Book Description
This book covers recent advances in the understanding of brain structure, function and disorders based on the fundamental principles of physics. It covers a broad range of physical phenomena occurring in the brain circuits for perception, cognition, emotion and action, representing the building blocks of the mind. It provides novel insights into the devastating brain disorders of the mind such as schizophrenia, dementia, autism, aging or addictions, as well as into the new devices for brain repair. The book is aimed at basic researchers in the fields of neuroscience, physics, biophysics and clinicians in the fields of neurology, neurosurgery, psychology, psychiatry.
The Brain, the Mind, and the Person Within
Author: Mark P. Cosgrove
Publisher: Kregel Academic
ISBN: 0825445264
Category : Body, Mind & Spirit
Languages : en
Pages : 192
Book Description
The brain, with its nearly one hundred billion neurons, is the most complex structure in the universe, and we are living in a period of revolutionary advancements in neuroscience. Yet scientists and skeptics often frame these findings in ways that challenge the Christian worldview. Many professionals and popularizers claim that human beings are their brains, and that all human behavior and experience are merely by-products of brain physiology. In The Brain, the Mind, and the Person Within, professor of psychology Mark Cosgrove not only explains what the brain is and what it does but also corrects common misinterpretations and demonstrates that what we know about the brain coheres with the teachings of Scripture. He contends that humans are unities of soul and body in which both the spiritual and the physical interact. From this perspective, he presents informative overviews of contemporary debates about the brain, including consciousness, free will, "God spots," personhood, and life after death. The better we understand the brain, the better we understand ourselves and our exquisite design that reflects the wisdom of the Creator. Thoughtful readers will find this to be a fascinating, accessible survey of this unique part of the body and the profound theological and technological issues surrounding it.
Publisher: Kregel Academic
ISBN: 0825445264
Category : Body, Mind & Spirit
Languages : en
Pages : 192
Book Description
The brain, with its nearly one hundred billion neurons, is the most complex structure in the universe, and we are living in a period of revolutionary advancements in neuroscience. Yet scientists and skeptics often frame these findings in ways that challenge the Christian worldview. Many professionals and popularizers claim that human beings are their brains, and that all human behavior and experience are merely by-products of brain physiology. In The Brain, the Mind, and the Person Within, professor of psychology Mark Cosgrove not only explains what the brain is and what it does but also corrects common misinterpretations and demonstrates that what we know about the brain coheres with the teachings of Scripture. He contends that humans are unities of soul and body in which both the spiritual and the physical interact. From this perspective, he presents informative overviews of contemporary debates about the brain, including consciousness, free will, "God spots," personhood, and life after death. The better we understand the brain, the better we understand ourselves and our exquisite design that reflects the wisdom of the Creator. Thoughtful readers will find this to be a fascinating, accessible survey of this unique part of the body and the profound theological and technological issues surrounding it.
The Amphetamine Debate
Author: Elaine A. Moore
Publisher: McFarland
ISBN: 0786480122
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 249
Book Description
This book covers both sides of the debate over amphetamine prescription and use. It discusses the history of amphetamine and related stimulants; ADHD and the use of Ritalin and Adderall to treat it; related neuroenhancers; methamphetamine from Desoxyn to crystal meth; the nature of addiction and side effects; sociological effects of amphetamine compounds; and expert opinions for and against amphetamine use.
Publisher: McFarland
ISBN: 0786480122
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 249
Book Description
This book covers both sides of the debate over amphetamine prescription and use. It discusses the history of amphetamine and related stimulants; ADHD and the use of Ritalin and Adderall to treat it; related neuroenhancers; methamphetamine from Desoxyn to crystal meth; the nature of addiction and side effects; sociological effects of amphetamine compounds; and expert opinions for and against amphetamine use.
The Oxford Handbook of Transcranial Stimulation
Author:
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0192568256
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 1249
Book Description
Transcranial stimulation encompasses noninvasive methods that transmit physical fields-such as magnetic, electric, ultrasound, and light-to the brain to modulate its function. The most widespread approach, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), has emerged as an important tool in several areas of neuroscience as well as in clinical applications in psychiatry and neurology. Originally envisioned as a way to measure the responsiveness and conduction speed of neurons and synapses in the brain and spinal cord, TMS has also become an important tool for changing the activity of brain neurons and the functions they subserve as well as an causal adjunct to brain imaging and mapping techniques. Along with transcranial electrical stimulation techniques, TMS has diffused far beyond the borders of clinical neurophysiology and into cognitive, perceptual, behavioural, and therapeutic investigation and attracted a highly diverse group of users and would-be users. Another major success of TMS has been as a treatment in psychiatry, where it is now in routine use worldwide. The field of noninvasive neuromodulation has matured and diversified considerably in the past decade, with an expansion in the number of tools available and our understanding of their mechanisms of action. This second edition of The Oxford Handbook of Transcranial Stimulation brings together the latest developments and important advances in all areas of Transcranial stimulation. The new volume captures the rapid progress made since the first edition, and provides an authoritative and comprehensive review of the state of the art. It also highlights challenges, opportunities, and future directions for this rapidly changing field. The book focuses on the scientific and technical background required to understand transcranial stimulation techniques and a wide-ranging survey of their burgeoning applications in neurophysiology, neuroscience, and therapy. Each of its six sections deals with a major area and is edited by an international authority therein. It will serve researchers, clinicians, students, and others as the definitive text in this area for years to come.
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0192568256
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 1249
Book Description
Transcranial stimulation encompasses noninvasive methods that transmit physical fields-such as magnetic, electric, ultrasound, and light-to the brain to modulate its function. The most widespread approach, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), has emerged as an important tool in several areas of neuroscience as well as in clinical applications in psychiatry and neurology. Originally envisioned as a way to measure the responsiveness and conduction speed of neurons and synapses in the brain and spinal cord, TMS has also become an important tool for changing the activity of brain neurons and the functions they subserve as well as an causal adjunct to brain imaging and mapping techniques. Along with transcranial electrical stimulation techniques, TMS has diffused far beyond the borders of clinical neurophysiology and into cognitive, perceptual, behavioural, and therapeutic investigation and attracted a highly diverse group of users and would-be users. Another major success of TMS has been as a treatment in psychiatry, where it is now in routine use worldwide. The field of noninvasive neuromodulation has matured and diversified considerably in the past decade, with an expansion in the number of tools available and our understanding of their mechanisms of action. This second edition of The Oxford Handbook of Transcranial Stimulation brings together the latest developments and important advances in all areas of Transcranial stimulation. The new volume captures the rapid progress made since the first edition, and provides an authoritative and comprehensive review of the state of the art. It also highlights challenges, opportunities, and future directions for this rapidly changing field. The book focuses on the scientific and technical background required to understand transcranial stimulation techniques and a wide-ranging survey of their burgeoning applications in neurophysiology, neuroscience, and therapy. Each of its six sections deals with a major area and is edited by an international authority therein. It will serve researchers, clinicians, students, and others as the definitive text in this area for years to come.
Cognition, Brain, and Consciousness
Author: Bernard J. Baars
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0123814405
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 677
Book Description
Cognition, Brain, and Consciousness, Second Edition, provides students and readers with an overview of the study of the human brain and its cognitive development.It discusses brain molecules and their primary function, which is to help carry brain signals to and from the different parts of the human body. These molecules are also essential for understanding language, learning, perception, thinking, and other cognitive functions of our brain. The book also presents the tools that can be used to view the human brain through brain imaging or recording.New to this edition are Frontiers in Cognitive Neuroscience text boxes, each one focusing on a leading researcher and their topic of expertise. There is a new chapter on Genes and Molecules of Cognition; all other chapters have been thoroughly revised, based on the most recent discoveries.This text is designed for undergraduate and graduate students in Psychology, Neuroscience, and related disciplines in which cognitive neuroscience is taught. - New edition of a very successful textbook - Completely revised to reflect new advances, and feedback from adopters and students - Includes a new chapter on Genes and Molecules of Cognition - Student Solutions available at http://www.baars-gage.com/ For Teachers: - Rapid adoption and course preparation: A wide array of instructor support materials are available online including PowerPoint lecture slides, a test bank with answers, and eFlashcords on key concepts for each chapter. - A textbook with an easy-to-understand thematic approach: in a way that is clear for students from a variety of academic backgrounds, the text introduces concepts such as working memory, selective attention, and social cognition. - A step-by-step guide for introducing students to brain anatomy: color graphics have been carefully selected to illustrate all points and the research explained. Beautifully clear artist's drawings are used to 'build a brain' from top to bottom, simplifying the layout of the brain. For students: - An easy-to-read, complete introduction to mind-brain science: all chapters begin from mind-brain functions and build a coherent picture of their brain basis. A single, widely accepted functional framework is used to capture the major phenomena. - Learning Aids include a student support site with study guides and exercises, a new Mini-Atlas of the Brain and a full Glossary of technical terms and their definitions. - Richly illustrated with hundreds of carefully selected color graphics to enhance understanding.
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0123814405
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 677
Book Description
Cognition, Brain, and Consciousness, Second Edition, provides students and readers with an overview of the study of the human brain and its cognitive development.It discusses brain molecules and their primary function, which is to help carry brain signals to and from the different parts of the human body. These molecules are also essential for understanding language, learning, perception, thinking, and other cognitive functions of our brain. The book also presents the tools that can be used to view the human brain through brain imaging or recording.New to this edition are Frontiers in Cognitive Neuroscience text boxes, each one focusing on a leading researcher and their topic of expertise. There is a new chapter on Genes and Molecules of Cognition; all other chapters have been thoroughly revised, based on the most recent discoveries.This text is designed for undergraduate and graduate students in Psychology, Neuroscience, and related disciplines in which cognitive neuroscience is taught. - New edition of a very successful textbook - Completely revised to reflect new advances, and feedback from adopters and students - Includes a new chapter on Genes and Molecules of Cognition - Student Solutions available at http://www.baars-gage.com/ For Teachers: - Rapid adoption and course preparation: A wide array of instructor support materials are available online including PowerPoint lecture slides, a test bank with answers, and eFlashcords on key concepts for each chapter. - A textbook with an easy-to-understand thematic approach: in a way that is clear for students from a variety of academic backgrounds, the text introduces concepts such as working memory, selective attention, and social cognition. - A step-by-step guide for introducing students to brain anatomy: color graphics have been carefully selected to illustrate all points and the research explained. Beautifully clear artist's drawings are used to 'build a brain' from top to bottom, simplifying the layout of the brain. For students: - An easy-to-read, complete introduction to mind-brain science: all chapters begin from mind-brain functions and build a coherent picture of their brain basis. A single, widely accepted functional framework is used to capture the major phenomena. - Learning Aids include a student support site with study guides and exercises, a new Mini-Atlas of the Brain and a full Glossary of technical terms and their definitions. - Richly illustrated with hundreds of carefully selected color graphics to enhance understanding.
Brain Stimulation
Author: Cameron C. Mcintyre
Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters
ISBN: 0128080116
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 21
Book Description
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective clinical treatment for several medically refractory neurological disorders. However, even after decades of clinical success, explicit understanding of the response of neurons to applied electric fields remains limited, and scientific definition of the therapeutic mechanisms of DBS remains elusive. In addition, it is presently unclear which electrode designs and stimulation paradigms are optimal for maximal therapeutic benefit and minimal side-effects with DBS. Detailed computer modeling of DBS has emerged recently as a powerful technique to enhance our understanding of the effects of DBS and to create a virtual testing ground for new stimulation strategies. This chapter summarizes the fundamentals of neurostimulation modeling, presents some scientific contributions of computer models to the field of DBS, and demonstrates the application of DBS modeling tools to augment the clinical utility of DBS.
Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters
ISBN: 0128080116
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 21
Book Description
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective clinical treatment for several medically refractory neurological disorders. However, even after decades of clinical success, explicit understanding of the response of neurons to applied electric fields remains limited, and scientific definition of the therapeutic mechanisms of DBS remains elusive. In addition, it is presently unclear which electrode designs and stimulation paradigms are optimal for maximal therapeutic benefit and minimal side-effects with DBS. Detailed computer modeling of DBS has emerged recently as a powerful technique to enhance our understanding of the effects of DBS and to create a virtual testing ground for new stimulation strategies. This chapter summarizes the fundamentals of neurostimulation modeling, presents some scientific contributions of computer models to the field of DBS, and demonstrates the application of DBS modeling tools to augment the clinical utility of DBS.
Schmidek and Sweet: Operative Neurosurgical Techniques E-Book
Author: Alfredo Quinones-Hinojosa
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 0323415199
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 2913
Book Description
Schmidek and Sweet has been an indispensable reference for neurosurgery training and practice for nearly 50 years, and the 7th Edition of Operative Neurosurgical Techniques continues this tradition of excellence. A new editorial board led by editor-in-chief Dr. Alfredo Quinones-Hinojosa, along with more than 330 internationally acclaimed contributors, ensures that readers stay fully up to date with rapid changes in the field. New chapters, surgical videos, and quick-reference features throughout make this edition a must-have resource for expert procedural guidance for today's practitioners. - Discusses indications, operative techniques, complications, and results for nearly every routine and specialized procedure for brain, spinal, and peripheral nerve problems in adult patients. - Covers the latest techniques and knowledge in deep brain stimulation for epilepsy, movement disorders, dystonia, and psychiatric disorders; surgical management of blast injuries; invasive electrophysiology in functional neurosurgery; and interventional management of cerebral aneurysms and arterio-venous malformations. - Includes new chapters on bypass techniques in vascular disease, previously coiled aneurysms, CSF diversion procedures, surgical management of posterior fossa cystic and membranous obstruction, laser-ablation techniques, and brain stem tumors. - Explores hot topics such as wide-awake surgery and ventriculo-peritoneal, ventriculoatrial and ventriculo-pleural shunts. - Provides detailed visual guidance with more than 1,600 full-color illustrations and 50 procedural videos. - Contains quick-reference boxes with surgical pearls and complications. - Enhanced eBook version included with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices.
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 0323415199
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 2913
Book Description
Schmidek and Sweet has been an indispensable reference for neurosurgery training and practice for nearly 50 years, and the 7th Edition of Operative Neurosurgical Techniques continues this tradition of excellence. A new editorial board led by editor-in-chief Dr. Alfredo Quinones-Hinojosa, along with more than 330 internationally acclaimed contributors, ensures that readers stay fully up to date with rapid changes in the field. New chapters, surgical videos, and quick-reference features throughout make this edition a must-have resource for expert procedural guidance for today's practitioners. - Discusses indications, operative techniques, complications, and results for nearly every routine and specialized procedure for brain, spinal, and peripheral nerve problems in adult patients. - Covers the latest techniques and knowledge in deep brain stimulation for epilepsy, movement disorders, dystonia, and psychiatric disorders; surgical management of blast injuries; invasive electrophysiology in functional neurosurgery; and interventional management of cerebral aneurysms and arterio-venous malformations. - Includes new chapters on bypass techniques in vascular disease, previously coiled aneurysms, CSF diversion procedures, surgical management of posterior fossa cystic and membranous obstruction, laser-ablation techniques, and brain stem tumors. - Explores hot topics such as wide-awake surgery and ventriculo-peritoneal, ventriculoatrial and ventriculo-pleural shunts. - Provides detailed visual guidance with more than 1,600 full-color illustrations and 50 procedural videos. - Contains quick-reference boxes with surgical pearls and complications. - Enhanced eBook version included with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices.
Neuroimaging of Pain
Author: Luca Saba
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319480464
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 509
Book Description
Authored by world renowned scientists, this book expertly reviews all the imaging techniques and exciting new methods for the analysis of the pain, including novel tracers, biomarker, metabolomic and gene-array profiling, together with cellular, genetic, and molecular approaches. Recent advances in human brain imaging techniques have allowed a better understand of the functional connectivity in pain pathways, as well as the functional and anatomical alterations that occur in chronic pain patients. Modern imaging techniques have permitted rapid progress in the understanding of networks in the brain related to pain processing and those related to different types of pain modulation. Neuroimaging of Pain is designed to be a valuable resource for radiologists, neuroradiologists, neurologists and neuroscientists, working in hospitals and universities from junior trainees to consultants.
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319480464
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 509
Book Description
Authored by world renowned scientists, this book expertly reviews all the imaging techniques and exciting new methods for the analysis of the pain, including novel tracers, biomarker, metabolomic and gene-array profiling, together with cellular, genetic, and molecular approaches. Recent advances in human brain imaging techniques have allowed a better understand of the functional connectivity in pain pathways, as well as the functional and anatomical alterations that occur in chronic pain patients. Modern imaging techniques have permitted rapid progress in the understanding of networks in the brain related to pain processing and those related to different types of pain modulation. Neuroimaging of Pain is designed to be a valuable resource for radiologists, neuroradiologists, neurologists and neuroscientists, working in hospitals and universities from junior trainees to consultants.
Oxford Textbook of Epilepsy and Epileptic Seizures
Author: Simon Shorvon
Publisher: OUP Oxford
ISBN: 0191640956
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 395
Book Description
Epilepsy is the most common serious neurological condition, affecting children and adults, and can occur in a variety of medical settings. It has many causes and many forms, and a variable prognosis. Mortality and morbidity are high, social and legal consequences can stretch well beyond the purely medical, and its management is often poor. Part of the Oxford Textbooks in Clinical Neurology (OTCN) series, this volume covers the scientific basis, clinical diagnosis, and treatment of epilepsy and epileptic seizures. Written by internationally-renowned specialists, each chapter comprehensively covers the current knowledge and evidence base related to each aspect of the disorder, with an emphasis on the personal experience of the authors. The print edition of the Oxford Textbook of Epilepsy and Epileptic Seizures is complemented by an online version, which allows access to the full content of the textbook, contains links from the references to primary research journal articles, enables full text searches, and provides access to figures and tables that can be downloaded to PowerPoint®. This textbook will prove a useful clinical reference for neurologists and senior trainees in neurology, an educational manual for trainees, and will offer practical assistance to all physicians advising people with epilepsy.
Publisher: OUP Oxford
ISBN: 0191640956
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 395
Book Description
Epilepsy is the most common serious neurological condition, affecting children and adults, and can occur in a variety of medical settings. It has many causes and many forms, and a variable prognosis. Mortality and morbidity are high, social and legal consequences can stretch well beyond the purely medical, and its management is often poor. Part of the Oxford Textbooks in Clinical Neurology (OTCN) series, this volume covers the scientific basis, clinical diagnosis, and treatment of epilepsy and epileptic seizures. Written by internationally-renowned specialists, each chapter comprehensively covers the current knowledge and evidence base related to each aspect of the disorder, with an emphasis on the personal experience of the authors. The print edition of the Oxford Textbook of Epilepsy and Epileptic Seizures is complemented by an online version, which allows access to the full content of the textbook, contains links from the references to primary research journal articles, enables full text searches, and provides access to figures and tables that can be downloaded to PowerPoint®. This textbook will prove a useful clinical reference for neurologists and senior trainees in neurology, an educational manual for trainees, and will offer practical assistance to all physicians advising people with epilepsy.