Author: Paul F. Poon
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461553512
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 507
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Book Description
The full power of combining experiment and theory has yet to be unleashed on studies of the neural mechanisms in the brain involved in acoustic information processing. In recent years, enormous amounts of physiological data have been generated in many laboratories around the world, characterizing electrical responses of neurons to a wide array of acoustic stimuli at all levels of the auditory neuroaxis. Modern approaches of cellular and molecular biology are leading to new understandings of synaptic transmission of acoustic information, while application of modern neuro-anatomical methods is giving us a fairly comprehensive view ofthe bewildering complexity of neural circuitry within and between the major nuclei of the central auditory pathways. Although there is still the need to gather more data at all levels of organization, a ma jor challenge in auditory neuroscience is to develop new frameworks within which existing and future data can be incorporated and unified, and which will guide future laboratory ex perimentation. Here the field can benefit greatly from neural modeling, which in the central auditory system is still in its infancy. Indeed, such an approach is essential if we are to address questions related to perception of complex sounds including human speech, to the many di mensions of spatial hearing, and to the mechanisms that underlie complex acoustico-motor behaviors.
Author: Anthony T. Cacace
Publisher: Plural Publishing
ISBN: 1597568147
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 381
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Book Description
Featuring contributions from a stellar team of expert contributors in the areas of audiology, psychology, anatomy, neuroscience, imaging science, and epidemiology, this book addresses major controversies in the field of auditory processing and its disorders. The contributors consider a range of topics including the history of the field, contemporary anatomical models, auditory processing streams, neuroplasticity, professional models, modality specificity, music perception and its disorders, speech recognition, aging, educational outcomes, tinnitus, and auditory neuropathy.
Author: Eric David Larson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 180
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Book Description
Abstract: Cortical auditory processing is critical for speech perception, yet we understand little about how the neural representations available at the cortical level allow for sound recognition. In particular, the neural mechanisms for recognition of sounds via spiking patterns are currently unknown, and the characterization of auditory cortical neuron response properties using stimulus-response models remains incomplete. Previous work has shown that spike trains can be used to discriminate between sounds using analytical methods, but how biological circuits might perform such computations remains unclear. Therefore we devised a model for discrimination (inspired by a spike distance metric) that combines a network of integrate-and-fire model neurons with a decision network. We applied this model to the birdsong system, a powerful animal model for the study of audition. We then examined how stimuli could be recognized by sensory systems from spiking patterns by transforming spiking patterns into spatial representations. Previous "spike pattern recognition" models used artificially pre-processed and noiseless signals as input, despite the fact that neural spike trains show variability. Therefore, we used cortical-level neural recordings as input to a novel spike pattern recognition system designed to deal with the intrinsic variability and diverse response properties of cortical spike trains. We show that the model can learn to recognize neural responses to auditory stimuli using spike-timing dependent plasticity, and can play back learned spike patterns in reverse, not unlike the reverse spike train playback observed in hippocampus. A standard model for central auditory neurons is the spectro-temporal receptive field (STRF), which quantifies the spectral and temporal stimulus parameters that modulate neural activity. While the STRF has been used to predict neural responses, a causal connection between the STRF structure and neural responses is lacking. We used an adaptive stimulation paradigm to address this problem. Specifically, for each neuron, we filtered out stimulus frequencies predicted to be unimportant by the STRF (estimated using normalized reverse correlation), and measured responses to these stimuli. For some neurons, this filtering had little effect on neural firing, but adding a noise masker in the unimportant frequency regions adversely affected their responses, suggesting that frequency regions outside the STRF can play a role in determining neural responses.
Author: Donna Geffner
Publisher: Plural Publishing
ISBN: 163550449X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 601
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Book Description
With eight new chapters and many other updates, Auditory Processing Disorders: Assessment, Management, and Treatment, Fourth Edition details the definition, behaviors, and comorbidities of auditory processing disorders (APD) while educating the reader on the most current global practices for assessment of APD, including its impact on literacy and language processing. Practical rehabilitation, management strategies, and direct evidence-based treatment programs, including the use of technology, are covered in detail. The text is a highly practical book designed specifically for practicing clinicians, instructors, and students, in both audiology and speech-language pathology. It contains a comprehensive review of APD and is also an excellent resource for parents, teachers, and other professionals wishing to learn more about APD for themselves, their child, and their practice. New to the Fourth Edition New chapters on: the effects of COVID-19, RSV, PANDAS, autoimmune disorders and other medical issues on APD evaluating APD through telepractice the collaboration of the audiologist and speech-language pathologist in evaluating auditory processing skills and other listening problems treatment interventions for deficit-specific processing disorders and other auditory skills differentiation between auditory processing and listening disorders an integrative model for auditory, linguistic, and cognitive processes listening difficulties in the classroom, and how to differentiate them from APD identification and treatment of dichotic deficits Updated chapter on auditory neuropathy Updated chapter on current neuroscience on the relationship between auditory processing and literacy Description of new digital module technology for sound enhancement Updated apps for interventions for APD Key Features Contributions from the field’s most recognized experts, such as Martha S. Burns, Sharon Cameron, Harvey Dillon, Jeanane M. Ferre, James W. Hall, III, Jack Katz, Angela Loucks Alexander, Larry Medwetsky, Deborah Moncrieff, and Gary Rance Case studies illustrating the pansensory nature of an APD and the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration An integrative model for understanding APD utilizing research from cognitive neuroscience, neurophysiology, neurobiology, mathematics, and neuroanatomy A model of speech understanding to differentiate APD from non-auditory deficits and listening problems
Author: Susan Lynda McCabe
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: Josef Syka
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0387231811
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 404
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Book Description
The symposium that has provided the basis for this book, "Plasticity of the Central Auditory System and Processing of Complex Acoustic Signals" was held in Prague on July 7-10, 2003. This is the fourth in a series of seminal meetings summarizing the state of development of auditory system neuroscience that has been organized in that great world city. Books that have resulted from these meetings represent important benchmarks for auditory neuroscience over the past 25 years. A 1980 meeting, "Neuronal Mechanisms of Hearing" hosted the most distinguished hearing researchers focusing on underlying brain processes from this era. It resulted in a highly influential and widely subscribed and cited proceedings co-edited by professor Lindsay Aitkin. The subject of the 1987 meeting was the "Auditory Pathway - Structure and Function". It again resulted in another important update of hearing science research in a widely referenced book - edited by the late Bruce Masterton. While the original plan was to hold a meeting summarizing the state of auditory system neuroscience every 7 years, historical events connected with the disintegration of the Soviet Empire and return of freedom to Czechoslovakia resulted in an unavoidable delay of what was planned to be a 1994 meeting. It wasn't until 1996 that we were able to meet for the third time in Prague, at that time to review "Acoustical Signal Processing in the Central Auditory System".
Author: Jagmeet Kanwal
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521829182
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 394
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Book Description
Explains how arousal, motivation, emotion and behavioral contexts are vocally expressed and how important sound attributes are recognized and perceived.
Author: Adam Christopher Dziorny
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 464
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Book Description
"Each year as many as 3/1000 children are diagnosed with congenital sensorineural hearing loss. Common in these children are delays in grammar comprehension, vocabulary retention and speech development, related to temporal processing abilities. Studies in a mouse model of congenital sensorineural hearing loss suggest that early exposure to an augmented acoustic environment (AAE) limits outer hair cell death and maintains peripheral auditory thresholds. However, there have been no studies on the effects of AAE on neural encoding in the central auditory system. The goal of these experiments is to investigate midbrain auditory processing in a mouse model (the DBA strain) of sensorineural hearing loss, and determine the effects of AAE exposure. It is clear that sound exposure during the early developmental period has profound effects on neural processing in the central auditory system of normal-hearing subjects. Questions remain on the effects of such sound exposure on a model of hearing impairment. In Aim I of this study we presented a novel temporal AAE containing silent gaps embedded in noise bursts to DBA mice and examined the frequency representation, intensity encoding and temporal processing in the auditory midbrain. Mice were exposed to a traditional AAE stimulus, a novel temporal AAE stimulus, or no stimulus from birth to P30. Auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) were recorded to assess peripheral auditory function. To assess the effects on central auditory processing we recorded neural activity from a 16-channel electrode in the inferior colliculus (IC). We confirmed peripheral preservation with AAE exposure, and expanded these results to demonstrate outer hair cell functional preservation. In the midbrain we demonstrated that IC neurons showed decreased thresholds, that high best-frequency units were maintained, tuning sharpness was improved, excitatory drive was increased and most importantly, units displayed shorter neural gap thresholds. Additionally, only mice exposed to our novel temporal AAE demonstrated significantly shortened mean gap threshold at low carrier levels, and in the presence of continuous background noise. To be useful as a therapeutic intervention the effect of onset time on central auditory function must be examined. Additionally, it is not known if the improvements provided by AAE exposure will remain after exposure cessation. In Aim II of this study we asked whether delaying the exposure onset or altering its duration influence the improvements in neural processing noted above. Again DBA mice were exposed to a traditional AAE stimulus or no stimulus from birth to P60. Two additional groups were included, one exposed for 30 days followed by 30 days of no exposure (On/Off), the other not exposed until P30 followed by 30 days of exposure (Off/On). All animals were tested at P60. Again ABRs and DPOAEs were recorded to assess peripheral auditory function, and central auditory processing was measured using a 16-channel electrode in the IC. We determined that the onset time of exposure is of little importance in demonstrating improvements in both peripheral and central auditory system. However, continued exposure is essential to maintain the beneficial effects and limit functional loss. Our results demonstrate that AAE preserves peripheral structure and function and improves central auditory processing, that a targeted temporal AAE can improve neural correlates of temporal processing, and that the timing of AAE is essential in delaying the progression of sensorineural hearing loss. These experiments pave the way for possible therapeutic intervention in children suffering congenital sensorineural hearing loss."--Leaves v-vi.
Author: Richard S. Sutton
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 0262352702
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 549
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Book Description
The significantly expanded and updated new edition of a widely used text on reinforcement learning, one of the most active research areas in artificial intelligence. Reinforcement learning, one of the most active research areas in artificial intelligence, is a computational approach to learning whereby an agent tries to maximize the total amount of reward it receives while interacting with a complex, uncertain environment. In Reinforcement Learning, Richard Sutton and Andrew Barto provide a clear and simple account of the field's key ideas and algorithms. This second edition has been significantly expanded and updated, presenting new topics and updating coverage of other topics. Like the first edition, this second edition focuses on core online learning algorithms, with the more mathematical material set off in shaded boxes. Part I covers as much of reinforcement learning as possible without going beyond the tabular case for which exact solutions can be found. Many algorithms presented in this part are new to the second edition, including UCB, Expected Sarsa, and Double Learning. Part II extends these ideas to function approximation, with new sections on such topics as artificial neural networks and the Fourier basis, and offers expanded treatment of off-policy learning and policy-gradient methods. Part III has new chapters on reinforcement learning's relationships to psychology and neuroscience, as well as an updated case-studies chapter including AlphaGo and AlphaGo Zero, Atari game playing, and IBM Watson's wagering strategy. The final chapter discusses the future societal impacts of reinforcement learning.
Author: Joseph D. Bronzino
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9783540663515
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 1644
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Book Description
