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Author: Glenn V. Nakamura
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Glenn V. Nakamura
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0080863809
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 573
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Book Description
The objective of the series has always been to provide a forum in which leading contributors to an area can write about significant bodies of research in which they are involved. The operating procedure has been to invite contributions from interesting, active investigators, and then allow them essentially free rein to present their perspectives on important research problems. The result of such invitations over the past two decades has been collections of papers which consist of thoughtful integrations providing an overview of a particular scientific problem. The series has an excellent tradition of high quality papers and is widely read by researchers in cognitive and experimental psychology.
Author: Horst Eidenberger
Publisher: Books on Demand
ISBN: 9783735761903
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 264
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Book Description
Machine learning is the attempt to imitate human categorization of perceived reality in computers. It is driven by the desire to provide machines that are as open-minded, intelligent and flexible as humans. The central goal is to provide classifications for arbitrary types of input data: Labels that characterize the data correctly, given some examples. Machine learning has been a research topic of computer science for several decades. This book summarizes the major findings, explains the practically relevant methods and discusses their communalities and differences. In the first of three parts, we introduce the setting, goals and all necessary tools for the definition, application and evaluation of learning algorithms. The second part discusses and compares the various algorithms employed in machine categorization today. We structure them in four groups: the optimization algorithms, risk minimization approaches, those that employ probabilistic inference and those that imitate neural inference processes. Outstanding examples from the list of algorithms are the vector space mode, the support vector machine, Bayes and Markov processes, conditional random fields, radial basis function networks and methods employed for deep learning such as the Boltzmann machine. The third part reviews the algorithms and explores the theoretical frontiers of machine learning. In summary, we endeavor to provide a comprehensive yet intuitive introduction into the field of categorization. Neither parallels to human cognition are neglected nor recent developments in algorithm design or theoretical justification. As a research field, machine learning is gaining more and more attention. This book explains what it is, where it can be applied and how it is done.
Author: Henri Cohen
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0128097663
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 1277
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Book Description
Handbook of Categorization in Cognitive Science, Second Edition presents the study of categories and the process of categorization as viewed through the lens of the founding disciplines of the cognitive sciences, and how the study of categorization has long been at the core of each of these disciplines. The literature on categorization reveals there is a plethora of definitions, theories, models and methods to apprehend this central object of study. The contributions in this handbook reflect this diversity. For example, the notion of category is not uniform across these contributions, and there are multiple definitions of the notion of concept. Furthermore, the study of category and categorization is approached differently within each discipline. For some authors, the categories themselves constitute the object of study, whereas for others, it is the process of categorization, and for others still, it is the technical manipulation of large chunks of information. Finally, yet another contrast has to do with the biological versus artificial nature of agents or categorizers. Defines notions of category and categorization Discusses the nature of categories: discrete, vague, or other Explores the modality effects on categories Bridges the category divide - calling attention to the bridges that have already been built, and avenues for further cross-fertilization between disciplines
Author: Callum Wilson
Publisher: Infinite Study
ISBN:
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 19
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Book Description
The quest to create machines that can solve problems as humans do leads us to intelligent control. This field encompasses control systems that can adapt to changes and learn to improve their actions—traits typically associated with human intelligence. In this work we seek to determine how intelligent these classes of control systems are by quantifying their level of adaptability and learning. First we describe the stages of development towards intelligent control and present a definition based on literature. Based on the key elements of this definition, we propose a novel taxonomy of intelligent control methods, which assesses the extent to which they handle uncertainties in three areas: the environment, the controller, and the goals. This taxonomy is applicable to a variety of robotic and other autonomous systems, which we demonstrate through several examples of intelligent control methods and their classifications. Looking at the spread of classifications based on this taxonomy can help researchers identify where control systems can be made more intelligent.
Author:
Publisher:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Features information about a research program of the Cognitive Psychology Laboratory within the Cognitive Sciences Centre (CSC) of the Department of Psychology at the University of Southampton in Southampton, England. Explains that the program focuses on categorization capacity in humans and machines.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
In both machine learning (ML) and cognitive psychology (CP), categorization is considered a basic task commonly encountered by learning agents and studied in both fields. While a great deal of work in CP has been applied to understanding human learning in supervised categorization, little work has been done previously to investigate the effects of both labeled and unlabeled data as in the semi-supervised setting. I have had the opportunity to contribute to a number of studies investigating just this situation: human learners tasked with learning a categorization task from some combination of labeled and unlabeled data. This work has involved the use of ML to both (1) better understand how labeled and unlabeled data affect human learners in categorization tasks as well as (2) attempt to influence the resulting behavior using ideas and techniques derived from ML. The results of this work have shown that (1) in addition to humans being affected by the distribution of unlabeled data, they can also be affected by ordering of the unlabeled items (2) that humans are not constrained in their search of a parameter space when attempting to integrate new unlabeled items with previously labeled experience (3) that humans can learn using underlying manifold structure (4) that the speed of human learning on a supervised task can be affected by prior unlabeled experience and (5) that, using Co-Training constraints, human collaborators can be induced to learn a boundary neither would have likely learned on their own.
Author: Andrea L. Guzman
Publisher: Digital Formations
ISBN: 9781433142512
Category : Human-machine systems
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
This book serves as an introduction to HMC as a specific area of study within communication and to the research possibilities of HMC. The research presented here focuses on people's interactions with multiple technologies used within different contexts from a variety of epistemological and methodological approaches.
Author: Song-Chun Zhu
Publisher: Now Publishers Inc
ISBN: 1601980604
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 120
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Book Description
A Stochastic Grammar of Images is the first book to provide a foundational review and perspective of grammatical approaches to computer vision. In its quest for a stochastic and context sensitive grammar of images, it is intended to serve as a unified frame-work of representation, learning, and recognition for a large number of object categories. It starts out by addressing the historic trends in the area and overviewing the main concepts: such as the and-or graph, the parse graph, the dictionary and goes on to learning issues, semantic gaps between symbols and pixels, dataset for learning and algorithms. The proposal grammar presented integrates three prominent representations in the literature: stochastic grammars for composition, Markov (or graphical) models for contexts, and sparse coding with primitives (wavelets). It also combines the structure-based and appearance based methods in the vision literature. At the end of the review, three case studies are presented to illustrate the proposed grammar. A Stochastic Grammar of Images is an important contribution to the literature on structured statistical models in computer vision.
Author: Timothy Nathaniel Rubin
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781267782403
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 102
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Book Description
There is substantial overlap between categorization research in psychology and classification research in machine learning and statistics. I will first discuss the relationship between these two areas and present a framework that illuminates the contexts in which the aims of these two fields become functionally equivalent. I will then present work from both areas that illustrates some ways in which the fields can learn from one another. First, I will present research on document classification using a "multilabel" representational system, in which each document is assigned to one or more non-disjoint classes. I will then present research in which similar representations are applied to model hierarchical categories from the animal domain in humans.
