The California Zero-emission Vehicle Mandate PDF Download
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Author: Gustavo Oscar Collantes
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 370
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 2
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Author: Gustavo Oscar Collantes
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 370
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Author: Lloyd S. Dixon
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Air
Languages : en
Pages : 14
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Author: Douglas Stubbe
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Air
Languages : en
Pages : 9
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Author: Lauren J. Sharfman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electric vehicles
Languages : en
Pages : 152
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Author: Lloyd S. Dixon
Publisher: Rand Corporation
ISBN: 9780833032126
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 139
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California's Zero Emission Vehicle ÝZEV¨ program requires that starting in 2003, a portion of the new vehicles delivered for sale in the state must produce no emissions. This study examines the costs and emission benefits of battery powered electric vehicles, direct hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles, and other advanced technology vehicles, such as gasoline hybrid electric vehicles, that manufacturers may use to satisfy program requirements. The authors find that the cost of battery-powered electric vehicles per ton of emissions reduced is very high and not likely to fall to reasonable levels any time soon, and that it is too early to tell whether direct hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, which show much promise, are an economical way to improve California's air quality. The study also evaluates California's goal of reducing the emissions of the state's light duty vehicle fleet to zero. It finds that federal air quality standards can be met without a zero emission fleet and that lower cost alternatives for improving air quality appear available. The authors conclude that instead of requiring manufacturers to meet emission reduction targets with particular vehicle technologies, California should eliminate the requirement for zero emission vehicles, tighten emission standards on light-duty vehicles, and focus on setting emission performance standards.
Author: California. Legislature. Assembly. Committee on Transportation
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Automobiles
Languages : en
Pages : 250
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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The Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV) program is a controversial part of California's strategy for meeting federal air quality standards. The program has been significantly modified multiple times since it was adopted by the California Air Resources Board in 1990 and is currently being challenged in court. This report is an independent assessment of the costs and emission benefits of ZEVs and the other low-emission vehicles that manufacturers are allowed to use to meet ZEV program requirements. It reviews the program in the context of the overall strategy for reducing emissions in the greater Los Angeles area and makes recommendations for reform. The analysis and results presented should be of interest to government agencies, environmental groups, and automakers involved in developing policies to improve air quality in California. California has made significant progress in improving air quality in many parts of the state. However, substantial reductions in emissions of non-methane organic gases (NMO(3) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) are still needed to meet federal standards in California's South Coast Air Basin by 2010, as required by the Clean Air Act. The South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) and the California Air Resources Board (CARB) have adopted an aggressive strategy to reduce emissions. A controversial part of this strategy is the state's Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV) program, which requires that auto manufacturers begin selling ZEVs starting in 2003. The ZEV program is a first step in achieving CARB.
Author: Jinglu Song
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Automobile industry and trade
Languages : en
Pages : 141
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This dissertation presents a comprehensive study on the market adoption of electric vehicle and policy impact of the Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV) mandate in the California automotive market. This research is primarily consisting of three parts. The author first built a technology innovation pricing model based on multi-nomial logit modelling method. This studies the dynamics among customer preferences, market acceptance and policy impact on vehicle pricing in the California automotive market. Results show that the ZEV mandate could profoundly enhance the market adoption of electric vehicles. There is a threshold on the magnitude of policy intervention. If the number of credits per vehicle is less than the threshold, increasing intervention promotes the EV market penetration; however, beyond the threshold, policy primarily benefits automakers. In the second step, the author presents a decision model for electric vehicle attributes. This research first characterizes the market adoption rate of electric vehicle models under government subsidy and derives optimal vehicle attributes with respect to consumers' preferences and product-based subsidy. The proposed model was then applied to the California's automotive market. Our results also suggest that industry leaders and followers may choose different product strategy and market segments due to different battery manufacturing costs. In the last part, the author constructed a series of scenarios for the transition to battery electric cars and used the Market Acceptance of Advanced Automotive Technologies model to analyze the price competition in the California electric vehicle market. Considering the ZEV mandate already in place, this part investigates the role of this regulation in influencing the pricing decisions of different electric vehicle models and enhancing the overall market adoption rate. It was found that the 200-mile range electric vehicle had remarkable unilateral influence on the pricing of the 100-mile range electric vehicle. It suggests that the 200-mile range electric vehicle will become the core driving force in electric vehicle diffusion in the California electric vehicle market. The ZEV mandate remarkably reduced the prices of both models and increased corresponding annual demand. However, this policy showed considerable influence of changing the structure of the California electric vehicle market.
Author: Thomas Turrentine
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Air
Languages : en
Pages : 84
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