Calculating piston-engine aircraft airport inventories for lead for the 2008 National Emissions Inventory PDF Download
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Airplanes
Languages : en
Pages : 21
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Airplanes
Languages : en
Pages : 21
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Airplanes
Languages : en
Pages : 23
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Author:
Publisher: Transportation Research Board
ISBN: 0309259061
Category : Air quality management
Languages : en
Pages : 69
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Book Description
"TRB's Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) Report 84: Guidebook for Preparing Airport Emissions Inventories for State Implementation Plans is designed to assist in the preparation of airport emissions inventory component of a State Implementation Plan. The Guidebook offers a basic, intermediate, and advanced approach for preparation of an airport emissions inventory. Each approach is progressively more complex, requiring increasingly detailed input data that generates greater airport specificity and accuracy. The choice of a particular approach is up to the user as a function of the level of response appropriate to a specific airport, the demands of the facility and the surrounding community, and data availability. A CD-ROM, which is included with the print version of the report, contains an Airport Emissions Estimator Tool that applies to the basic approach. In addition, the CD-ROM includes the appendixes that accompany ACRP Report 84 as well as other project-specific material."--Publisher's description.
Author: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781726202077
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 90
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Book Description
This report provides results of work done to evaluate the calculation methodology used in generating aircraft emissions inventories. Results from the inventory calculation methodology are compared to actual fuel consumption data. Results are also presented that show the sensitivity of calculated emissions to aircraft payload factors. Comparisons of departures made, ground track miles flown and total fuel consumed by selected air carriers were made between U.S. Dept. of Transportation (DOT) Form 41 data reported for 1992 and results of simplified aircraft emissions inventory calculations. These comparisons provide an indication of the magnitude of error that may be present in aircraft emissions inventories. To determine some of the factors responsible for the errors quantified in the DOT Form 41 analysis, a comparative study of in-flight fuel flow data for a specific operator's 747-400 fleet was conducted. Fuel consumption differences between the studied aircraft and the inventory calculation results may be attributable to several factors. Among these are longer flight times, greater actual aircraft weight and performance deterioration effects for the in-service aircraft. Results of a parametric study on the variation in fuel use and NOx emissions as a function of aircraft payload for different aircraft types are also presented.Daggett, D. L. and Sutkus, D. J. and DuBois, D. P. and Baughcum, S. L.Langley Research CenterEXHAUST EMISSION; INVENTORY CONTROLS; DATA ACQUISITION; BOEING 747 AIRCRAFT; FUEL CONSUMPTION; AIRCRAFT FUELS; INVENTORIES; AIRLINE OPERATIONS; PAYLOADS; STRUCTURAL WEIGHT; FUEL FLOW; GROUND TRACKS; CARBON DIOXIDE; NITROGEN OXIDES...
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (U.S.). Committee on Lead Emissions from Piston-Powered General Aviation Aircraft
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780309256803
Category : Aircraft exhaust emissions
Languages : en
Pages : 161
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Book Description
Small gasoline-powered aircraft are the single largest emitter of lead in the United States, as other major emission sources such as automobile gasoline have been previously addressed. A highly toxic substance that can result in an array of negative health effects in humans, lead is added to aviation gasoline to meet the performance and safety requirements of a sizable portion of the country’s gasoline-powered aircraft. Significantly reducing lead emissions from gasoline-powered aircraft will require the leadership and strategic guidance of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and a broad-based and sustained commitment by other government agencies and the nation’s pilots, airport managers, aviation fuel and service suppliers, and aircraft manufacturers, according to a congressionally mandated report from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. While efforts are underway to develop an unleaded aviation fuel that can be used by the entire gasoline-powered fleet, the uncertainty of success means that other steps should also be taken to begin reducing lead emissions and exposures, notes the report, titled TRB Special Report 336: Options for Reducing Lead Emissions from Piston-Engine Aircraft. Piston-engine aircraft are critical to performing general aviation (GA) functions like aerial observation, medical airlift, pilot training, and business transport. Other GA functions, such as crop dusting, aerial firefighting, search and rescue, and air taxi service, have particular significance to communities in rural and remote locations.
Author: D. L. Daggett
Publisher: BiblioGov
ISBN: 9781289271046
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 94
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Book Description
This report provides results of work done to evaluate the calculation methodology used in generating aircraft emissions inventories. Results from the inventory calculation methodology are compared to actual fuel consumption data. Results are also presented that show the sensitivity of calculated emissions to aircraft payload factors. Comparisons of departures made, ground track miles flown and total fuel consumed by selected air carriers were made between U.S. Dept. of Transportation (DOT) Form 41 data reported for 1992 and results of simplified aircraft emissions inventory calculations. These comparisons provide an indication of the magnitude of error that may be present in aircraft emissions inventories. To determine some of the factors responsible for the errors quantified in the DOT Form 41 analysis, a comparative study of in-flight fuel flow data for a specific operator's 747-400 fleet was conducted. Fuel consumption differences between the studied aircraft and the inventory calculation results may be attributable to several factors. Among these are longer flight times, greater actual aircraft weight and performance deterioration effects for the in-service aircraft. Results of a parametric study on the variation in fuel use and NOx emissions as a function of aircraft payload for different aircraft types are also presented.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic book
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: A-21 Aircraft Noise Measurement Aviation Emission Modeling
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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This AIR describes procedures for calculating emissions resulting from the main engines of commercial jet and turboprop aircraft through all modes of operation for all segments of a flight. Piston engine aircraft emissions are not included in this AIR. Some information about piston engine aircraft emissions can be found in FOCA 2007. The principal purpose of the procedures is to assist model developers in calculating aircraft emissions in a consistent and accurate manner that can be used to address various environmental assessments including those related to policy decisions and regulatory requirements.The pollutants considered in this document are: Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) Carbon Monoxide (CO) Total unburned Hydrocarbons (THC) Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Water (H2O) Sulfur Oxides (SOx) Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) Methane (CH4) Non-Methane Hydrocarbons (NMHC) Non-Methane Volatile Organic Compounds (NMVOC) Nitrous Oxide (N2O) Particulate Matter (PM2.5 and PM10)As indicated above, hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) are not individually accounted for; many of these are simply included as part of THC. Also, trace metals are not included other than those that may already be accounted for as part of PM emissions. Since the scope is limited to aircraft engine emissions only, emissions from Ground Service Equipment (GSE), roadway vehicles, power plants, training fires, etc., are not included within this document. Athough Auxilliary Power Units (APU), brakes, and tires are also part of the aircraft, their emissions (e.g., tire wear) are not within the scope of this document.The methods are based on aircraft performance and emissions modeling. This means that only the pollutants exiting the exhaust of an engine are considered. Any atmospheric effects including those that occur in the near-field (e.g., exhaust plume) and the subsequent atmospheric dispersion are not modeled. The exception to this is in the computation of PM emissions.In meeting the needs of modelers who may have varying fidelity requirements for both emissions and aircraft performance modeling, this document does not try to promote a single database and methodology. Therefore, several methods have been included in this document as indicated below with the emissions methods categorized by pollutants: Emissions Modeling Methods NOx, CO, and THC P3T3 Boeing Fuel Flow Method 2 (BFFM2) Deutsche Forschungsanstalt fur Luft- and Raumfahrt (DLR) Method International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Reference Method CO2, H2O, and SOx Fuel Composition Method (FCM) VOC, NMVOC, CH4 and NMTHC Derivative Factor Method (DFM) N2O Approximate Factor Method (AFM) PM2.5 and PM10 First Order Approximation (FOA) Aircraft Performance Methods Aircraft performance data from flight data recorders Manufacturer aircraft performance models SAE AIR 1845 combined with Eurocontrol's Base of Aircraft Data (BADA) Eurocontrol's BADA Other aircraft performance models such as the Project Interactive Analysis and Optimisation (PIANO) toolBoth of these sets of emissions and aircraft performance methods are listed in the order in which they are presented in this document. And as previously indicated, the order generally denotes the level of accuracy where the first method in each section represents the most accurate method based on current understanding. The exceptions to this are:Emissions Methods BFFM2 DLRAircraft Performance SAE 1845 + BADA BADAThe ordering of these methods are arbitrary since they are considered comparable (e.g., BFFM2 is comparable to DLR). One other possible exception is the last listing under aircraft performance methods ("Other aircraft performance models"). The data from these other sources may be more accurate, comparable, or less accurate than the previously mentioned methods. This last category was added to include all other methods that were not based on manufacturer, SAE 1845, and BADA models.In order to provide a better understanding of the relative condition of these methods, they have been defined into development status (i.e., "mature" or "developing") and fidelity (i.e., "simple," "intermediate," or "advanced") categories as presented in Table 1. The "other" aircraft model category was not included in Table 1 since it is understood that it can be listed in any of the categories depending on which method/model is employed. The definitions for each of the categories are as follows: In modeling aircraft performance and emissions, the main focus is on a single flight. This includes the complete operation and movement of the aircraft from gate-to-gate: Main engine start-up Ground taxi-out and delay activities Takeoff: Runway roll Takeoff: Initial ascent Climbout En route/cruise Airborne delay activities Approach Landing roll Thrust reverser Ground taxi-in and delay activities Engine shut-downFor modeling purposes, these modes can generally be simplified so that they are equated to one of the four LTO modes. Depending on the method, the actual modeling of the gate-to-gate movement may involve a segment-by-segment approach where results can be integrated to obtain totals by mode and flight. Currently, the AIR does not address emissions during engine start-up and shut-down activities. Also, thrust reverse operations are not directly covered in this AIR. This Aerospace Information Report (AIR) describes procedures for calculating emissions resulting from operations of jet and turboprop aircraft through all modes of operation. The procedures assume that reference emissions and performance data are available for each airplane involved. The fundamental element of the procedures is a method for deriving emissions indices for an airplane when performing any specified operation for a segment of a flight. The principal purpose of using the procedures is to assist model developers in calculating aircraft emissions in a consistent and accurate manner that can be used to address various environmental assessments including those related to policy decisions and regulatory requirements.Rather than presenting one method, many viable methods are presented for both emissions and aircraft performance modeling with descriptions of the uncertainties involved. As a loose guide to the user, the methods are also ordered such that the most accurate methods are presented first in each section based on current understanding. This document is intended to be updated periodically. Hence, the methodology descriptions and uncertainty assessments will be modified accordingly as the various methods evolve and new information becomes available.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Air
Languages : en
Pages : 4
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780309375702
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 24
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