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Author: Karen D. Kelley
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781629499291
Category : Prospecting
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Earth's near-surface mineralogy has diversified over more than 4.5 b.y. from no more than a dozen preplanetary refractory mineral species (what have been referred to as "ur-minerals" by Hazen et al., 2008) to around 5,000 species (based on the list of minerals approved by the International Mineralogical Association; http://rruff.info/ima). This dramatic diversification is a consequence of three principal physical, chemical, and biological processes: element selection and concentration (primarily through planetary differentiation and fluidrock interactions); an expanded range of mineral-forming environments (including temperature, pressure, redox, and activities of volatile species); and the influence of the biosphere.
Author: Karen D. Kelley
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781629499291
Category : Prospecting
Languages : en
Pages :
Get Book Here
Book Description
Earth's near-surface mineralogy has diversified over more than 4.5 b.y. from no more than a dozen preplanetary refractory mineral species (what have been referred to as "ur-minerals" by Hazen et al., 2008) to around 5,000 species (based on the list of minerals approved by the International Mineralogical Association; http://rruff.info/ima). This dramatic diversification is a consequence of three principal physical, chemical, and biological processes: element selection and concentration (primarily through planetary differentiation and fluidrock interactions); an expanded range of mineral-forming environments (including temperature, pressure, redox, and activities of volatile species); and the influence of the biosphere.
Author: Karen D. Kelley
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Geology, Economic
Languages : en
Pages : 329
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Book Description
Author: Stefano Ferretti
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030219380
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 435
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Book Description
This book, edited by the European Space Policy Institute, is the first international publication, following UNISPACE+50, to analyze how space capacity building can empower the international community towards fully accessing all the economic and societal benefits that space assets and data can offer. New innovation models are increasingly spreading across various sectors and disciplines, including space, which is becoming an integral part of many societal activities (e.g. telecoms, weather, climate change and environmental monitoring, civil protection, infrastructures, transportation and navigation, healthcare and education). The book helps readers construct their own space capacity building roadmaps, which take into account key stakeholders and also new private actors, NGOs and civil society. Starting from a policy and strategy perspective, it addresses key aspects of capacity building, including innovation and exploration, global health, climate change and resilient societies. It outlines the available options and summarizes the ideal programmatic conditions for their successful implementation. Showcasing reflections from a range of senior space professionals around the world, with their unique perspectives and solutions, it provides a rich mosaic in which various cultural and policy approaches to space are translated into actionable programs and ideas so that space may truly benefit all of humankind.
Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0081029098
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 5634
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Book Description
Encyclopedia of Geology, Second Edition presents in six volumes state-of-the-art reviews on the various aspects of geologic research, all of which have moved on considerably since the writing of the first edition. New areas of discussion include extinctions, origins of life, plate tectonics and its influence on faunal provinces, new types of mineral and hydrocarbon deposits, new methods of dating rocks, and geological processes. Users will find this to be a fundamental resource for teachers and students of geology, as well as researchers and non-geology professionals seeking up-to-date reviews of geologic research. Provides a comprehensive and accessible one-stop shop for information on the subject of geology, explaining methodologies and technical jargon used in the field Highlights connections between geology and other physical and biological sciences, tackling research problems that span multiple fields Fills a critical gap of information in a field that has seen significant progress in past years Presents an ideal reference for a wide range of scientists in earth and environmental areas of study
Author: John Menzies
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0081005253
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 859
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Book Description
Past Glacial Environments, Second Edition, presents a revised and updated version of the very successful first edition of Menzies' book, covering a breadth of topics with a focus on the recognition and analysis of former glacial environments, including the pre-Quaternary glaciations. The book is made up of chapters written by various geological experts from across the world, with the editor's expertise and experience bringing the chapters together. This new and updated volume includes at least 45% new material, along with five new chapters that include a section on techniques and methods. Additionally, this new edition is presented in full color and features a large collection of photographs, line diagrams, and tables with examples of glacial environments and landscapes that are drawn from a worldwide perspective. Informative knowledge boxes and case studies are included, helping users better understand critical issues and ideas. - Provides the most complete reference concerning the study of glacial processes and their geological, sedimentological, and geomorphological products - Comprised of chapters written by various geological experts from across the world - Includes specific case studies to alert readers to important ideas and issues - Uses text boxes throughout to explain key concepts from glacial literature - Presents full color photographs, line diagrams, and tables throughout
Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128119411
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 578
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Book Description
Habitability of the Universe before Earth: Astrobiology: Exploring Life on Earth and Beyond (series) examines the times and places—before life existed on Earth—that might have provided suitable environments for life to occur, addressing the question: Is life on Earth de novo, or derived from previous life? The universe changed considerably during the vast epoch between the Big Bang 13.8 billion years ago and the first evidence of life on Earth 4.3 billion years ago, providing significant time and space to contemplate where, when and under what circumstances life might have arisen. No other book covers this cosmic time period from the point of view of its potential for life. The series covers a broad range of topics encompassing laboratory and field research into the origins and evolution of life on Earth, life in extreme environments and the search for habitable environments in our solar system and beyond, including exoplanets, exomoons and astronomical biosignatures. - Provides multiple hypotheses on the origin of life and distribution of living organisms in space - Explores the diversity of physical environments that may support the origin and evolution of life - Integrates contemporary views in biology and cosmology, and provides reasons that life is far more mobile in space than most people expect - Includes access to a companion web site featuring supplementary information such as animated computer simulations
Author: László Oláh
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 111972306X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 688
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Book Description
A technique for visualizing Earth's subsurface at high resolution Hidden out of sight in Earth’s subsurface are a range of geophysical structures, processes, and material movements. Muography is a passive and non-destructive remote sensing technique that visualizes the internal structure of solid geological structures at high resolution, similar in process to X-ray radiography of human bodies. Muography: Exploring Earth's Subsurface with Elementary Particles explores the application of this imaging technique in the geosciences and how it can complement conventional geophysical observations. Volume highlights include: Principles of muography and pioneering works in the field Different approaches for muographic image processing Observing volcanic structures and activity with muography Using muography for geophysical exploration and mining engineering Potential environmental applications of muography Latest technological developments in muography The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.
Author: Alain Chauvet
Publisher: MDPI
ISBN: 3038977845
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 256
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Book Description
"Structural Control” remains a crucial point that frequently lacks in any scientific and/or economic analysis of ore deposits, whatever their type and class. The case of lode deposits is exemplary, although also other deposits, like breccia pipe, stockwerk, massive sulphides, skarn, etc., can, surprisingly, be concerned. Several concepts like the gold-bearing shear zone have not proven valid during the last few decades in terms of our understanding of gold deposit and have been totally abandoned. Additionally, the relationships between magmatism, regional tectonic context, and mineralization remain uncertain and have been debated in several recent publications. This demonstrates that this issue is still relevant, and its solution may help in the distinction between intrusion-related and orogenic deposits. In this Special Issue, we particularly invite any case study of mineral deposits, in which it has been demonstrated that structural geology may have a significant role in the establishment of the deposit model of formation and/or on exploration and exploitation programs. Examples in which the structural model diverges from those described in the classical literature are particularly welcomed, including studies in which relationships with magmatism can be suspected and/or demonstrated. Indeed, all cases that illustrate concepts that differ from the classic ones and from theoretical models may represent significant contributions to this volume.
Author: K. Gessner
Publisher: Geological Society of London
ISBN: 1786203138
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 412
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Book Description
Economically viable concentrations of mineral resources are uncommon in Earth’s crust. Most ore deposits that were mined in the past or are currently being extracted were found at or near Earth’s surface, often serendipitously. To meet the future demand for mineral resources, exploration success hinges on identifying targets at depth. Achieving this requires accurate and informed models of the Earth's crust that are consistent with all available geological, geochemical and geophysical information, paired with an understanding of how ore-forming systems relate to Earth’s evolving structure. Contributions to this volume address the future resources challenge by (i) applying advanced microscale geochemical detection and characterization methods, (ii) introducing more rigorous 3D Earth models, (iii) exploring critical behaviour and coupled processes, (iv) evaluating the role of geodynamic and tectonic setting and (v) applying 3D structural models to characterize specific ore-forming systems.
Author: Paola Scampoli
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9811264929
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 306
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Book Description
Muography is a term recently introduced to embrace different techniques that profit from the penetration capability of the muon component of cosmic rays to investigate the interior of large and otherwise inaccessible structures. Primary cosmic rays — high energy particles originating outside the solar system — interact with the Earth atmosphere and generate muons, particles with the same electric charge as the electron, while their mass is 200 times heavier. At the Earth's surface, cosmic muons represent the most abundant component of cosmic rays, and favourably, they can feature energies sufficiently high to penetrate even thick and dense materials, giving the opportunity of unveiling the internal structure of large volumes.Muography was made possible by the development of detectors in the field of particle physics, allowing the exploitation of this natural source for imaging in a vast variety of fields, characterizing this technique as truly interdisciplinary, and leading to significant advances in several disciplines. This book tries to cover all aspects of this methodology, with the different chapters pointing to the general physics principles, to the technological and image reconstruction challenges and to the principal applications in several fields, such as archaeology and geology but also civil and industrial applications.The volume contributors had omitted unnecessary technical details, while focusing on the main features and methodologies. Hence, the book not only targets scientists working in the field but also non-specialists, who might enjoy the reading as a tutorial.
