Breeding Plan to Preserve the Genetic Variability of the Kootenai River White Sturgeon PDF Download
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Author: Harold L. Kincaid
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Rare fishes
Languages : en
Pages : 16
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Author: Harold L. Kincaid
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Rare fishes
Languages : en
Pages : 16
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 18
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Natural reproduction in the Kootenai River white sturgeon population has not produced a successful year class since 1974, resulting in a declining broodstock and 20 consecutive year classes missing from the age-class structure. This report describes a captive breeding plan designed to preserve the remaining genetic variability and to begin rebuilding the natural age class structure. The captive breeding program will use 3--9 females and an equal number of males captured from the Kootenai River each spring. Fish will be spawned in pairs or in diallel mating designs to produce individual families that will be reared separately to maintain family identity. Fish will be marked to identify family and year class before return to the river. Fish should be returned to the river as fall fingerlings to minimize potential adaptation to the hatchery environment Initially, while tagging methods are tested to ensure positive identification after return to the river, it may be necessary to plant fish as spring yearlings. Number of fish planted will be equalized at 5,000 per family if fall fingerlings or 1,000 per family if spring yearlings. Assuming annual survival rates of 20% during the first winter for fall fingerling plants and 50% for years 1--3, and 85% for years 4--20 of all fish planted, the target numbers would yield 7.9 progeny per family or about 4 breeding pairs at age 20. Natural survival in the river environment during the 19+ years from planting to maturity would result in variability in genetic contribution of families to the next broodstock generation. Fish planted per family would be adjusted in future years when actual survival rate information is known. Broodfish will be tagged when captured to minimize multiple spawning of the same fish. implementation of this breeding plan each year for the 20-year generation interval, using 5 different mating pairs each year, will yield an effective population size of 200, or 22.5% of the estimated 1990 population.
Author: Andrea Schreier
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Hatchery fishes
Languages : en
Pages : 18
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"The Kootenai Tribe of Idaho's Native Fish Conservation Aquaculture Program (KTOI NFCAP) has been propagating and releasing white sturgeon to support the endangered Kootenai River white sturgeon population since the early 1990s. Because genetic diversity loss often accompanies captive breeding programs, an important goal of the NFCAP is to preserve the wild population's genetic diversity and protect its adaptive potential. Since 2006, the Genomic Variation Laboratory (GVL) has been conducting genetic monitoring of the Tribe's white sturgeon conservation aquaculture program. We've used neutral microsatellites to measure the amount of genetic diversity present in the wild population and monitor the amount of diversity represented in each year class produced. Individual genotypes determined by the monitoring project can be used as genetic tags for parentage analysis for future NFCAP broodstock management. Parentage analysis can be conducted on potential broodstock of hatchery origin to prevent crossing close relatives (e.g. full siblings). Here we present the results of genetic monitoring of the 2016 year class."--Introduction (page 2).
Author: Viktor Lagutov
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1402089244
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 336
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While almost every aspect of society-nature interactions can be treated as an environmental security issue, the threats to human societies originating from inadequate freshwater management constitute one of the most wi- spread and pressing problems. For thousands of years rivers and river valleys have been the cradle of human civilizations. Rivers have provided not only food and freshwater, but also shelter and means of transportation, and they are still an essential component in every national and regional economy. In turn, growing needs of human societies, accompanied by growing abilities, have caused significant river alterations and ecosystem changes that have resulted in river contamination, biodiversity loss and general riverine ecosystem degradation. The extinction of sturgeon species is one of the most eloquent examples of the negative and irreversible influence of human society on river e- systems. The sturgeon, sometimes called the “living fossil” or living “dinosaur” of the fish world, is known to have lived since the time of the dinosaurs, for at least 250 million years, and is currently on the verge of extinction solely due to anthropogenic impacts.
Author:
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ISBN:
Category : Power resources
Languages : en
Pages : 438
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Fish culture
Languages : en
Pages : 940
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Author: Andrea Marie Schreier
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781267400901
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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The application of genetic markers to investigate evolutionary and ecological questions about white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus, has been limited due to the species' highly duplicated nuclear genome. Here, polysomic microsatellite markers were used to 1) examine the ancestral level of genome duplication in white sturgeon, 2) examine genetic diversity and patterns of population structure within and among drainages across the species' range, and 3) provide genetic monitoring for a conservation aquaculture program sustaining an endangered white sturgeon population. In the first chapter, we followed the inheritance of eight microsatellite markers in 15 families of white sturgeon from a commercial caviar farm to determine whether white sturgeon (~250 chromosomes) should be classified as tetraploid or octoploid. The eight microsatellite loci were detected predominantly in four or eight copies, with one locus observed in>8 copies. Numbers of alleles per locus, patterns of allele transmission, and inference of gene copy number in parents suggested that white sturgeon should be considered ancient octoploids. The discovery of dodecaploid parents and their decaploid offspring in the farm population, confirmed by flow cytometry analysis, indicated that some aspect of sturgeon aquaculture was inducing spontaneous autopolyploidy in white sturgeon. Next, microsatellite markers were applied to examine white sturgeon population structure across the species' range. Population assignment testing was used to determine the origin of white sturgeon sampled in non-natal estuaries, or those not containing a spawning population, to evaluate marine dispersal behavior. The Sacramento-San Joaquin River system was found to contain a single white sturgeon population while the Fraser River exhibited a hierarchical pattern of population structure. Strong levels of genetic divergence were detected above and below a natural barrier, Hells Gate, and fine-scale population substructure was identified above Hells Gate. Population structure in the Columbia River drainage (including the mainstem Columbia and Snake Rivers) was complex and suggested a pattern of isolation by distance. Net downstream gene flow also may have contributed to this pattern, with individuals migrating downstream through impoundments and over barriers with little upstream movement possible. There was no support for the current practice of managing each impounded reach on the Columbia or Snake rivers as a separate population. Lack of population structure within historically continuous river habitat found across the species' range suggested spawning site fidelity in white sturgeon may occur on a regional scale, with local gene flow among geographically proximate spawning sites. Population assignment of samples collected from non-natal estuaries indicated that all populations with ocean access make marine migrations, and individuals did not necessarily originate from the nearest spawning population. Finally, microsatellites were used to conduct genetic monitoring of the Kootenai Tribe of Idaho's conservation aquaculture program (CAP) for the endangered Kootenai River white sturgeon population. Continuous recruitment failure in this population has left it entirely dependent on the CAP for reproduction. A genetic profile database of wild broodstock used in the CAP was created to monitor hatchery-induced genetic changes in the Kootenai River population. Broodstock genotypes also were used to evaluate the accuracy of parentage assignment in the Kootenai River population, as hatchery managers soon will depend on this analysis to prevent inbreeding when most sexually mature adults available for captive breeding will be derived from hatchery production. Numbers of alleles and numbers of alleles per individual per locus were calculated to monitor the amount of wild type genetic diversity captured in broodstock utilized by the CAP. Parentage analysis with 18 microsatellite markers was validated in known hatchery families from the 2010 year class. Genetic diversity in the Kootenai River population was very low relative to other populations examined, likely due to founder effects and genetic drift after isolation from the mainstem Columbia c. 10,000 YBP. In less than one sturgeon generation, 96% of Kootenai River genetic diversity has been captured in broodstock that contributed offspring that survived to release in the Kootenai River and further propagation will likely preserve additional genetic variation. The 18 microsatellite panel improved parentage assignment accuracy and allowed a greater number of assignments relative to the previous panel used for parentage analysis, suggesting that this technique may become a useful tool in the management of this vulnerable population.
Author: Jonathan D. Pyatskowit
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 190
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Fish habitat improvement
Languages : en
Pages : 444
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Author: Jeffrey Allan Rodzen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 186
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