Breeding Elite Cowpea [Vigna Unguiculata (L.) Walp] Varieties for Improved Food Security and Income in Africa PDF Download
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Author: Ana I. Ribeiro-Barros
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic books
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp, is among the most important grain legumes in Africa. Its nutritional value and biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) potential coupled with a high plasticity to environmental conditions places this legume in a unique position in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) in the context of food and nutritional security. However, cowpea yield and BNF contribution to agricultural systems in this sub-continent is far behind the average global values. The inability to run effective breeding programs to timely generate and deliver high yielding, nutritious and climate smart cowpea varieties, coupled with poor crop husbandry practices has been in the forefront of the current situation. In this chapter, the main constrains and opportunities to establish and run successful and effective cowpea production and breading programs in SSA are discussed. The discussion is built around the argument that SSA can benefit from its rich collection of landraces, as well as from high-throughput methodologies to assist the screening and the development of adapted, high yielding and nutritious varieties.
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Author: Ana I. Ribeiro-Barros
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic books
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp, is among the most important grain legumes in Africa. Its nutritional value and biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) potential coupled with a high plasticity to environmental conditions places this legume in a unique position in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) in the context of food and nutritional security. However, cowpea yield and BNF contribution to agricultural systems in this sub-continent is far behind the average global values. The inability to run effective breeding programs to timely generate and deliver high yielding, nutritious and climate smart cowpea varieties, coupled with poor crop husbandry practices has been in the forefront of the current situation. In this chapter, the main constrains and opportunities to establish and run successful and effective cowpea production and breading programs in SSA are discussed. The discussion is built around the argument that SSA can benefit from its rich collection of landraces, as well as from high-throughput methodologies to assist the screening and the development of adapted, high yielding and nutritious varieties.
Author: Satbir Singh Gosal
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030472981
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 457
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Book Description
Plant improvement has shifted its focus from yield, quality and disease resistance to factors that will enhance commercial export, such as early maturity, shelf life and better processing quality. Conventional plant breeding methods aiming at the improvement of a self-pollinating crop, such as wheat, usually take 10-12 years to develop and release of the new variety. During the past 10 years, significant advances have been made and accelerated methods have been developed for precision breeding and early release of crop varieties. This edited volume summarizes concepts dealing with germplasm enhancement and development of improved varieties based on innovative methodologies that include doubled haploidy, marker assisted selection, marker assisted background selection, genetic mapping, genomic selection, high-throughput genotyping, high-throughput phenotyping, mutation breeding, reverse breeding, transgenic breeding, shuttle breeding, speed breeding, low cost high-throughput field phenotyping, etc. It is an important reference with special focus on accelerated development of improved crop varieties.
Author: Ousmane Boukar
Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters
ISBN: 0128064404
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 30
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Book Description
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), an indigenous legume to sub-Saharan Africa, is mainly grown in the dry savanna areas as an intercrop with millets, sorghum, groundnut and maize. Cowpea grains rich in protein are consumed in different forms in several parts of the tropics. The average grain yield of cowpea in West Africa is approximately 492kg/ha, which is much lower than its potential yields. This low productivity is due to a host of diseases, insects, pests, parasitic weeds, drought, poor soils and low plant population density in farmers’ fields. Ex situ collection of over 15,000 accessions of cowpea and wild Vigna germplasm from different parts of the world were assembled in the IITA gene bank. These genetic resources have been explored to identify new traits and to develop elite cowpea varieties. Many cowpea varieties with high yield potential have been developed and adopted by the farmers. Efforts are continuing to develop better performing varieties using conventional breeding procedures, while molecular tools are being developed to facilitate progress in cowpea breeding.
Author: Severin Polreich
Publisher: Cuvillier Verlag
ISBN: 3736937008
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 170
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Book Description
This study presents a method to assess yield performance of dual-purpose cowpea types for human consumption and to reveal potentials for further improvement of its use as leafy vegetable. Eleven cowpea accessions with different genetic background and sample status were chosen from AVRDC’s working collection in Arusha, Tanzania. Among them, dual-purpose cowpeas like Dakawa, Ex Iseke and Ngoji were present that the center has been distributing to local farmers. Multi-location trials in typical cowpea production environments were established both on farm and on station in the regions Arusha, Dodoma, and Kilimanjaro in Tanzania and in Eastern Region, Uganda during the short and long rainy season 2007 and 2008, respectively. Young, tender leaves were picked in successive leaf harvests about every and two weeks until the plants did not produce further leaves. Cowpea seeds were harvested when pods reached 80% maturity. Data of yield parameters were analyzed with analysis of variance (ANOVA), stability analyses were carried out according to the dynamic and static concepts. Reliability of leaf and seed yield performances were calculated based on the probability of outperformance of local check cowpeas that were previously recommended by farmers and extension workers in informal group sessions. Through NIRS, crude protein and iron contents were assessed in leaves obtained from the second leaf harvests at the different locations and from up to subsequent leaf harvests. Dual-purpose utility for smallholders was assessed through (i) an index of superiority (Si), in which reliabilities of leaf yield across repeated leaf harvests and seed yield were weighed and combined to overall yield benefit of the ith accession, (ii) effective plot length for nutritional component XY, to calculate the length of a plot (in m) that needs to be planted to sustain a five-head household for ten days with a recommended amount of nutrients, and (iii) responsiveness (Resp), reflecting changes of leaf yield (compensation) relative to changes in seed yield (sensitiveness) if harvesting frequency was intensified. Performance of single leaf yields was strongly influenced by environmental factors and, only in Arusha, accession-specific. Interactions between yield reliability and stability were site-specific. Overall, test-accessions achieved higher reliabilities in seed yield than in leaf yield. Only in the on-station trial in Eastern Region, accession IT82D-889, and in the on-farm trial in Kilimanjaro, ILRI11114 and Ex Iseke showed leaf yield reliabilities above 0.50. Iron content in cowpea leaves was highly dependent on environmental influences and varied from 157.4 mg kg-1 to 286.1 mg kg-1. Leaf CP had a broad-sense heritability of 0.87. Across accessions and environments the mean leaf CP content ranged from 37.4% of DM (IT93K-2045-29) to 33.9% of DM (Sudan). CP and leaf dry matter (DM) yield had significantly negative correlation coefficients between. Means of effective plot length for crude protein and iron varied by more than 50% across environments. Although CP, in contrast to iron, was genetically determined, its impact on differences in effective plot length was negligible as well, as differences in production of leaf DM per m2 were by far larger among accessions than those of CP contents. It was recommended to favor accessions with short effective plot lengths and higher CP contents in leaf yields over those with short effective plot lengths and low CP contents. In contrast to determinate cowpeas, indeterminate types increased their DM gain in aerial plant parts of leaf-harvested plants relatively to unharvested plants. Indeterminate cowpeas responded with high leaf yield increases if leaves were picked twice a week. Consequently yields of total edible DM of these plant types, comprising added seed and leaf yields, increased with intensification of leaf-harvesting frequency from once to twice a week. Determinate plant types yielded highest in total edible DM when only seed was harvested or in less intensive leaf-harvesting scenarios. Accessions with favorable responsiveness, reflecting leaf yield changes relative to seed yield changes under intensified leaf-harvesting frequency, were Sudan, ILRI11114, and IT93K2045-29. In contrast, Resps of SAM45 and ILRI15742 were poorest. Traits have to be identified that could explicitly improve Resp of cowpea types. Improving quantitative yield parameters should not result in quality decrease. The dual-purpose characteristics of local checks were mainly superior to the eleven test-accessions pointing to a demand on improved leaf yield performance that is not merely total leaf yield amount but also the continuance during repeated leaf harvesting. By the proposed method the status quo of a defined location, i.e. site-specific demands on germplasm, can be included in the analysis, serving as benchmark for improvement if the local check is chosen carefully. Since single leaf yields are the results of fairly complex and dynamic interactions between plant physiological processes and environmental conditions it is essential to conduct participatory variety selection and plant breeding trials for dual-purpose assessments in target environments and not ex situ.
Author: Aditya Pratap
Publisher: Woodhead Publishing
ISBN: 0128214449
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 316
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Book Description
The Beans and the Peas: From Orphan to Mainstream Crops presents a comprehensive literature resource on the most important food legume crops previously known as "orphans," but which are increasingly becoming mainstream as their production opportunities have been improved through genetic improvement and biotechnology, and their role as an important nutrient source gains urgency. This book focuses on 12 important food legumes and discusses all relevant aspects on their economic importance, crop statistics, botany, and their general description. It also provides exhaustive information on plant genetic resources and their use, genetic improvement, resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, improved varieties, agronomy, seed system, and use of information and communication tools in each individual food legume.Development of innovative biotechnological tools, genetic transformation, and the genome sequencing information has also been covered in each chapter providing the readers with state-of-the-art information on pulses. All chapters have been supported by relevant figures, illustrations, and tables, which make the contents accessible and easy to understand.Each of the chapters has been authored by globally known scientists/researchers presenting up-to-date information on various aspects of food legumes. This book provides a current and comprehensive treatise to the readers and will be tremendously helpful in furthering their academic and research pursuits. - Provides a single-volume resource on the most important food legumes having a prominent role in food and nutritional security - Written by experts with a focus on providing foundational information for further research and development - Presents both theoretical aspects and application-based case studies - Supported by relevant figures, illustrations, and tables
Author:
Publisher: IITA
ISBN: 9789781311994
Category : Cowpea
Languages : en
Pages : 452
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Book Description
Author: B. B. Singh
Publisher: IITA
ISBN: 9789781311109
Category : Cowpea
Languages : en
Pages : 400
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Book Description
Cowpea: taxonomy, genetics, and breeding, physiology and agronomy, diseases and parasitic weeds, insect pests, postharvest technology and utilization. Biotechnological applications.
Author: Mohamed A. El-Esawi
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 1839680865
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 124
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Book Description
Legumes are flowering plants found in most of the archeological records of plants. Legumes are efficiently used as food crops for humans and animals, pulps for paper and timber manufacturing, sources for fuel and oil production, ornamental plants, and cover crops such as cereals and other staple foods. Additionally, they can be utilized for other purposes, including the production of massive amounts of organic nitrogen. This book reviews the fundamental advances related to the characterization and breeding of legume crops for improved food security. Moreover, it sheds new light on the current research trends and future research directions related to legume crop studies. This book will provoke interest for various readers, researchers, and scientists, who may find this information useful for the advancement of legume productivity.
Author: Bharat Singh
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0891186212
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 192
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Book Description
The story of cowpea (black-eyed peas) is a fascinating example of how science can solve the world's biggest problems—even more fascinating is the story of the scientist behind the research. B.B. Singh wrote this book to serve as an accessible summary of cowpea breeding, management,and use. He has devoted his life's work to solving the ""protein gap"" of the Green Revolution in which the emphasis on corn and wheat neglected the protein-rich legumes vital to plant-based nutrition. Today,under his careful tending, cowpea truly has become the food legume of the century. From genetics to recipes, he gives a full account of how cowpea belongs in our global agriculture and in every diet. Along the way, he shares his inspiring story.
Author: Julie Christine Rothe
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is a major food legume across Sub-Saharan West Africa where its leaves, pods and seeds are consumed as food and its residues are fed to livestock as protein rich fodder. However, soils of West Africa are poor in phosphorus (P), a soil macronutrient all crops need for growth. Fertilizer with P is not readily available and is too expensive for West African farmers. This research was therefore, undertaken to identify cowpea lines that inherently grow well in P-deficient soils and use them to breed improved cowpea varieties that require less phosphorus fertilization. A hydroponic phenotypic screening method with silica sand was used to identify cowpea varieties that have tolerance to low soil P as measured by shoot dry biomass production. Both tolerant and susceptible varieties from the screen were further analyzed for root biomass, internal shoot P content, and internal root P content. Seed P, particularly the effect of cotyledon P, and total root production were investigated as physiological sources of tolerance. Tolerant cowpea varieties were crossed with susceptible varieties, and the resulting F1, F2 and BC1 seeds were screened to determine the inheritance and genetic control of tolerance. A Recombinant Inbred Line (RIL) population of a tolerant by susceptible cross was mapped using SSR markers to identify linkage groups or QTL for tolerance to low soil P. Phenotypic screening results identified four cowpea varieties to have P-deficiency tolerance (Big John, IT97K-1069-6, IT98K-476-8, and TX2028-1-3-1) and three cowpea varieties (Big John, CB-46, and Golden Eye Cream) to have partial P-deficiency tolerance via high seed P content. All varieties experienced increases in root production under low P treatments relative to normal P treatments. Phenotyping of F1, F2, and BC1 populations showed that low P tolerance is a heritable trait in cowpea with significant additive effects and narrow-sense heritability. Estimates of gene number suggested the tolerance to be a single-gene trait. Mapping linkage groups or QTL for low P tolerance identified QTL in which three SSR markers - CLM0269, 221/222, and CLM0298 - were significantly associated with tolerance and are potential candidates for marker-assisted selection (MAS). The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/152599
