Biomechanics of the Central Nervous System PDF Download
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Author: Alf Breig
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Biomechanics
Languages : en
Pages : 196
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Book Description
Author: Alf Breig
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Biomechanics
Languages : en
Pages : 196
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Lynne E. Bilston
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 364213890X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 288
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Book Description
Damage to the central nervous system resulting from pathological mechanical loading can occur as a result of trauma or disease. Such injuries lead to significant disability and mortality. The peripheral nervous system, while also subject to injury from trauma and disease, also transduces physiological loading to give rise to sensation, and mechanotransduction is also thought to play a role in neural development and growth. This book gives a complete and quantitative description of the fundamental mechanical properties of neural tissues, and their responses to both physiological and pathological loading. This book reviews the methods used to characterize the nonlinear viscoelastic properties of central and peripheral neural tissues, and the mathematical and sophisticated computational models used to describe this behaviour. Mechanisms and models of neural injury from both trauma and disease are reviewed from the molecular to macroscopic scale. The book provides a comprehensive picture of the mechanical and biological response of neural tissues to the full spectrum of mechanical loading to which they are exposed. This book provides a comprehensive reference for professionals involved in pre prevention of injury to the nervous system, whether this arises from trauma or disease.
Author: Michael O. Shacklock
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780646479507
Category : Biomechanics
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Breig's understanding of how the nervous system functions mechanically lead to new concepts in manual and musculoskeletal medicine. This summary work includes content from two books, Biomechanics of the central nervous system (1960) and Adverse mechanical tension in the nervous system (1978); photoelastic models of stress behavior; cranial nerve and nerve root movement; spinal cord biomechanics; movement of meningeal tissues and intraneural blood vessel behavior, cauda equina biomechanics, sliding and tension of the neural tissues; and analysis of lumbopelvic movement with neurodynamic testing.
![Biomechanics of the Central Nervous System. Some Basic Normal and Pathologic Phenomena. (Translation by Victor Braxton.) [A Thesis.]. PDF](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/ZpM7zgEACAAJ?fife=w80-h100)
Author: Alf BREIG
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 183
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Book Description
Author: Kristin Briana Bernick
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 153
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Book Description
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant cause of death and morbidity in both the civilian and military populations. The major causes of TBI, such as motor vehicle accidents, falls, sports concussions, and ballistic and explosive blast threats for military personnel, are well established and extensively characterized; however, there remains much to be learned about the specific mechanisms of damage leading to brain injury, especially at the cellular level. In order to understand how cells of the central nervous system (CNS) respond to mechanical insults and stimuli, a combined modeling/experimental approach was adopted. A computational framework was developed to accurately model how cells deform under various macroscopically imposed loading conditions. In addition, in vitro (cell culture) models were established to investigate damage responses to biologically relevant mechanical insults. In order to develop computational models of cell response to mechanical loading, it is essential to have accurate material properties for all cells of interest. In this work, the mechanical responses of neurons and astrocytes were quantified using atomic force microscopy (AFM) at three different loading rates and under relaxation to enable characterization of both the elastic and viscous components of the cell response. AFM data were used to calibrate an eight-parameter rheological model implemented in the framework of a commercial finite element package (Abaqus). Model parameters fit to the measured responses of neurons and astrocytes provide a quantitative measure of homogenized nonlinear viscoelastic properties for each cell type. In order to ensure that the measured responses could be considered representative of cell populations in their physiological environment, cells were also grown and tested on substrates of various stiffness, with the softest substrate mimicking the stiffness of brain tissue. Results of this study showed both the morphology and measured force response of astrocytes to be significantly affected by the stiffness of their substrate, with cells becoming increasingly rounded on soft substrates. Results of simulations suggested that changes in cell morphology were able to account for the observed changes in AFM force response, without significant changes to the cell material properties. In contrast, no significant changes in cell morphology were observed for neurons. These results highlight the importance of growing cells in a biologically relevant environment when studying mechanically mediated responses, such as TBI. To address this requirement, we developed two model systems with CNS cells grown in soft, 3D gels to investigate damage arising from dynamic compressive loading and from a shock pressure wave. These damage protocols, coupled with the single cell computational models, provide a new tool set for characterizing damage mechanisms in CNS cells and for studying TBI in highly controllable in vitro conditions.
Author: Patrice Sudres
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) is a common cause of spinal cord injury in elderly populations involving phenomena of biomechanical interactions between the central nervous system of the spine and the flow of cerebrospinal fluid. This thesis aims to provide a morphometric description of the cervical canal and a mechanical description of the spinal meninges which could lead to the future development of numerical models with fluid-structure interactions. In the first part, a methodology was developed to describe the morphometry of the cervical canal with new metrics using MRI. This methodology could also be used for the improvement of the diagnosis of DCM and for the definition of the subject-specific geometry in biomechanical modeling. In the second part, two mechanical test protocols were performed to describe the mechanical properties in uniaxial and biaxial tension of the porcine spine meninges chosen as a model similar to humans. These experimental data play a crucial role in numerical biomechanical modeling. In the third part, the mathematical formulation of a fluid-structure interaction problem between a Newtonian fluid and a linear elastic solid was presented. Thus, a preliminary and simplified FSI model was developed with an explicit solver (RADIOSS) as proof of concept. This thesis could thus help the scientific community to develop biomechanical models of the spinal canal by taking into account the role of cerebrospinal flow and nervous tissues in healthy or pathological cases.
Author: Lynne E Bilston
Publisher:
ISBN: 9783642138911
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 298
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Book Description
Neural Tissue Biomechanics reviews the methods used to characterize nonlinear viscoelastic properties of central and peripheral neural tissues. Readers will find a comprehensive picture of the mechanical and biological response of neural tissues, including the full spectrum of mechanical loading.
Author: Andre Kamkin
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1402087160
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 355
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Book Description
This book presents the latest findings in mechanosensitivity of the nervous system. The nervous system stands out from a number of tissues because besides reacting to the mechanical stress it is transmitting its own response to other organs and tissues, which are located downstream of its signaling pathway. For this reason any type of mechanical stimulation of the nervous system, which is capable of triggering a physiological response, has high scientific and practical significance, since it allows its use beyond a particular experimental model anywhere where it is contributing to a particular pathological condition. This book is a unique collection of reviews outlining the current knowledge and the future developments in this rapidly growing field. Currently, investigations of the effects of mechanical stress on the nervous system are focused on several issues. The majority of studies investigate the effects of mechanical stimulation on mechanosensitive channels, as its primary target and interactive agent, and aim on description of downstream intracellular signaling pathways together with addressing general issues of biomechanics of the nervous system. Knowledge of biomechanics, and mechanisms, which underlie it on organism, organ, tissue and cellular level, is necessary for understanding of the normal functioning of living organisms and allows to predict changes which arise due to alterations of their environment, and possibly will allow to develop new methods of artificial intervention. The book brings up the problem closer to the experts in related medical and biological sciences as well as practicing doctors besides just presenting the latest achievements in the field.
Author: David Elias Koser
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Kai-Uwe Schmitt
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3662054485
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 179
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Book Description
The 2004 World Health Day is dedicated to the theme of road safety by the World Health Organization (WHO) due mostly to the enormous socio economic costs attributed to trafik accidents. More than 140,000 people are injured, 3,000 killed, and 15,000 disabled for life everyday on the world's roads. The field of trauma biomechanics, or injury biomechanics, uses the principles of mechanics to study the response and tolerance level of biological tissues under extreme loading conditions. Through an understanding of mechanical factors that influence the function and structure of human tissues, countermeasures can be developed to alleviate or even eliminate such injuries. This book, Trauma-Biomechanics, surveys a wide variety of topics in injury biomechanics including anatomy, injury c1assification, injury mechanism, and injury criteria. It is the first collection I am aware of that lists regional injury reference values, or injury criterion, either currently in use or proposed by both U. S. and European communities. Although the book is meant to be an introduction for medical doctors and engineers who are beginners in the field of injury biomechanics, sufficient references are provided for those who wish to conduct further research, and even established researchers will find it useful as a reference for finding the biomechanical background of each proposed injury mechanism and injury criterion.
