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Languages : en
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Difficulty understanding speech in the presence of noise is a common complaint of middle-aged and older adults with and without hearing loss. There is an incomplete picture of what contributes to difficulties understanding speech-in-noise in adults who have normal audiograms. As humans we listen binaurally, so declines in binaural processing may contribute to speech-in-noise difficulties. We examined the effects of age on the upper frequency limit of interaural phase difference (IPD) detection and IPD detection at fixed frequencies. We also examined a speech-in-noise measure of spatial separation across young and middle-aged, normal-hearing individuals. Participants were young (n=12) and middle-aged (n=8) adults with normal and symmetrical hearing from 250-8000 Hz. Two interaural phase difference tasks were undertaken. The first assessed interaural phase difference discrimination across frequencies and the second assessed interaural phase difference discrimination at fixed frequencies (500, 750, 1000, 1125 Hz). In addition, the speech-in-noise measure of benefit from spatial separation was assessed by having subjects complete the words-in-noise test with speech and noise at 0° and again with speech at 0° and noise at 90°. The young group had significantly higher (better) upper frequency limits for interaural phase difference discrimination. There was no statistically significant difference between the IPD discrimination at fixed frequencies for the young and middle-aged group, contrary to what was hypothesized. The young group also did not have a greater benefit from spatial separation compared to the middle-aged group. The outcomes from this study add to a growing body of literature suggesting a decline in the upper frequency limit of IPD discrimination with advancing age. This negative effect of aging begins in middle-aged, normal-hearing listeners. The results from this study also suggest that factors other than age and IPD discrimination affect spatial processing in middle-aged adults with clinically normal audiograms. Knowing what contributes to difficulty understanding speech-in-noise will aid in counseling patients and will improve approaches to aural rehabilitation.
Author: Kathryn P. Bowman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 45
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Abstract: Binaural speech recognition abilities in a group of young adults with normal hearing were analyzed through dichotic listening and word recognition in noise tasks. Dichotic listening was tested under three conditions: free-recall, directed right, and directed left. Word recognition in noise was also tested under three conditions: binaural, monaural right, and monaural left. For the dichotic listening task, subjects exhibited a small right ear advantage (REA) under the free-recall condition, an even larger REA under the directed right condition, and a small left ear advantage (LEA) under the directed left condition. For the words in noise task, subjects exhibited similar scores for the binaural and monaural left conditions; monaural right scores were slightly worse. Results were compared to older adult data previously gathered for both dichotic listening (Roup et al., 2006) and word recognition in noise (Wilson, 2003) tasks. While the young adults exhibited a REA in the free-recall condition, the older adults exhibited an even greater REA. This suggests that there is an age related change in auditory processing that interferes with the ability to integrate the signals entering both ears in dichotic situations. For the words in noise task, both groups did worse as the signal-to-noise ratio decreased. However, young adults scored significantly better than the older adults overall. This suggests that younger adults are better able to separate a signal from background noise than older adults.
Author:
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Languages : en
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Book Description
Understanding speech in the presence of background noise is a common complaint of middle-aged and older listeners with clinically normal audiograms. There is great interest in understanding how age-related changes in auditory physiology make it harder for older adults to understand speech in difficult listening situations, compared to young listeners. It was recently reported that middle-aged and older normal-hearing listeners showed frequency-dependent, age-related declines in the behavioral and physiological detection of interaural phase differences (Grose & Mamo, 2010; Ross et al, 2007). There is also evidence of an age-related, frequency-dependent decline in the frequency-following response (FFR) (Clinard et al., 2010), an auditory evoked potential dependent on phase-locked neural activity (Worden & Marsh, 1968). Age-related declines in binaural processing may be related to age-related declines in phase locking. This study used the frequency-following response (FFR) to examine monaural and binaural phase locking in subjects of two groups; younger and middle-aged. Responses were obtained from 300 ms toneburst stimuli at four frequencies (500, 750, 1000, and 1125 Hz) at an intensity of 80 dB SPL. FFRs were analyzed for response amplitude, binaural amplitude differences, and stimulus-to-response cross-correlations. Results showed FFR amplitude decreased as frequency increases and, at 500 Hz, the summed left and right monaural FFR amplitudes were smaller than the binaural FFR amplitude, which is in contrast to previous literature (Clinard, 2010; Fowler, 2004; Krishnan & McDaniel, 1998). Results further indicated that the stimulus-to-response correlation coefficient is greatest for 500 Hz and declines as frequency increases. There was no significant difference between the age groups but perhaps a broader age range including older adults would show the hypothesized amplitude differences between groups. Further, results may be different than expected due to minimal difference between summed monaural and binaural processing at 750, 1000, and 1125 Hz. When looking at the data there is a larger difference between groups at 1125 Hz and, while it is not significantly different, it may be that a broader frequency range (e.g., 1250 Hz or above) and age range (e.g. 0 to 100), may be more effective at revealing a group x frequency interaction.
Author: Traci A. Hammond
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 42
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Abstract: Listening to a sound with two ears, or binaural listening, helps a listener to localize and understand the message better than with one ear alone. For some older adults with hearing loss, however, binaural listening proves to be disadvantageous, especially in situations with background noise (i.e., binaural interference). The present study examined binaural processing abilities for two subject groups: young adults with normal hearing (ages 18-30 years) and older adults with sensorineural hearing loss (ages 60-90 years). Two types of speech-recognition assessments were used: (1) word recognition in noise and (2) dichotic word recognition. For the word recognition in noise tasks, subjects responded under three conditions: (1) monaural left-ear, (2) monaural right-ear, and (3) binaural. For the dichotic listening tasks, subjects were given three response conditions: (1) free recall (repeat both stimuli in any order), (2) directed-recall right (repeat stimuli heard in right ear first), and (3) directed-recall left (repeat stimuli heard in left ear first). Results showed that both subject groups exhibited expected patterns of performance for both tasks. Specifically, both young and older adults performed better in the binaural condition than with either ear alone in the word recognition in noise task. For the dichotic listening task, older adult subjects showed a larger mean REA than young adults, and both groups showed increased ear advantages in each respective directed attention condition (i.e., directed right and directed left). Further, initial results suggest that recognition performance on both speech measures was poorer for the older adults with hearing loss than for the young adults with normal hearing. Past studies have shown that older adults with hearing loss and binaural interference may have more success using one hearing aid rather than two (Carter et al., 2001; Chmiel et al., 1997). The results of the present study therefore may prove to be significant in supporting future aural rehabilitation methods and research related to geriatric audiology.
Author: James Jerger
Publisher: Plural Publishing
ISBN: 163550077X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 137
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Book Description
Binaural interference occurs when the speech input to one ear interferes with the input to the other ear during binaural stimulation. The first published study on binaural interference twenty-five years ago demonstrated that some individuals, particularly older individuals, perform more poorly with two hearing aids than with one and/or more poorly with binaural than monaural stimulation on electrophysiologic as well as behavioral measures. Binaural interference is relevant to every audiologist because it impacts the successful use of binaural hearing aids and may explain communicative difficulty in noise or other challenging listening situations in persons with normal-hearing sensitivity as well as persons with hearing loss. This exciting new book written by two highly respected audiologists first traces the history of its study by researchers, then reviews the evidence, both direct and indirect, supporting its reality. This is followed by a discussion of the possible causes of the phenomenon and in-depth analysis of illustrative cases. The authors outline a systematic approach to the clinical detection, evaluation and amelioration of individuals who exhibit binaural interference. Suggestions are furnished on improved techniques for evaluation of the binaural advantage in general and on sensitized detection of the disorder in particular. The book ends with recommendations for future directions. Given the adverse impact of binaural interference on auditory function and its occurrence in a significant subset of the population with hearing loss, as well as in some individuals with normal-hearing sensitivity, research on binaural interference only recently has begun to flourish, and adaptation of audiologic clinical practice to identify, assess, and manage individuals with binaural interference has yet to become widespread. The authors intend for the book to provide impetus for pursuing further research and to encourage audiologists to explore the possibility of binaural interference when patient complaints suggest it and when performing audiologic evaluations. The book is intended for practicing clinical audiologists, audiology students, and hearing scientists.
Author: Karen S. Helfer
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030493679
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 334
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Book Description
Since the first edition of the Aging Auditory System volume (in 2009), there has been a tremendous amount of research in basic, translational, and clinical sciences related to age-related changes in auditory system structure and function. The new research has been driven by technical and conceptual advances in auditory neuroscience at multiple levels ranging from cells to cognition. The chapters in Aging and Hearing: Causes and Consequences span a broad range of topics and appeal to a relatively wide audience. Our goal in this volume is to put together state-of-the-art discussions about new developments in aging research that will appeal to a broad audience, serving as an important update on the current state of research on the aging auditory system. This update includes not only the recent research, but also consideration of how human and animal studies or translational and basic research are working in tandem to advance the field. This new edition is a natural complement to the previous SHAR volume on the aging auditory system edited by Gordon-Salant, Frisina, Popper, and Fay. The target audience for this volume will be graduate students, researchers, and academic faculty from a range of disciplines (psychology, hearing science/audiology, physiology, neuroscience, engineering). It also will appeal to clinical audiologists as well as to researchers working in the hearing device industry. Individuals who attend conferences sponsored by the Association for Research in Otolaryngology, Acoustical Society of America, Auditory Cognitive Neuroscience Society, American Auditory Society, Society for Neuroscience, American Speech, Language and Hearing Association, and the American Academy of Audiology (among others) are likely to find value in the volume.
Author: Joan T. Erber
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1444359576
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 476
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Book Description
Updated and substantially revised, the second edition of Aging and Older Adulthood reflects the most current scientific research and theoretical foundations that contribute to our understanding of aging and older adulthood. Updated content and references include recent neurological findings on brain structure and functioning as well as factors that influence cognitive functioning, health care, decision making, and social relationships Chapter opening vignettes engage students with real world illustrations of older adults, which relate to the concepts to come Applying Research boxes offer examples of current research findings that can be applied to the everyday lives of older adults Understanding Aging boxes highlight phenomena, such as “sundown syndrome” and “end-of-life desires,” which provide a deeper insight into the aging process Integrated themes of diversity, environmental influences on aging, and applications to everyday life relate the story of aging more directly to key concepts New Chapter 13 explores what older adulthood may look like in the future and ties together the author’s theoretical framework with views on positive aging Instructor's Manual with Test Bank and PowerPoint slides available online at www.wiley.com/go/erber
Author: Sandra Gordon-Salant
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 144190994X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 311
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Book Description
This volume brings together noted scientists who study presbycusis from the perspective of complementary disciplines, for a review of the current state of knowledge on the aging auditory system. Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is one of the top three most common chronic health conditions affecting individuals aged 65 years and older. The high prevalence of age-related hearing loss compels audiologists, otolaryngologists, and auditory neuroscientists alike to understand the neural, genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying this disorder. A comprehensive understanding of these factors is needed so that effective prevention, intervention, and rehabilitative strategies can be developed to ameliorate the myriad of behavioral manifestations.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Audiology
Languages : en
Pages : 188
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Author: Anna Fry
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 24
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Book Description
Abstract: Listening and understanding speech in noisy environments is a situation that many people encounter in their daily lives. This problem is exacerbated by old age or the presence of a hearing loss. The purpose of the present study was to investigate two components that contribute to successful word recognition in noise. The first component is the advantage of binaural over monaural listening and the second is the role of contextual cues. Ten normal hearing young adults aged 20-24 years old participated. Sentences from the Speech Perception in Noise (SPIN) test were presented to the subject through insert ear phones simultaneously with multitalker babble as background noise under three conditions: 1) noise and signal presented to the right ear, 2) noise and signal presented to the left ear, and 3) noise and signal presented to both the left and right ears. The subject was told to repeat the last word in each sentence and the responses were scored as correct or incorrect. Results show that subjects perform better on word recognition tasks in the binaural listening condition versus the monaural listening conditions. Performance was also better with high predictability sentences in which the context can be useful for word recognition. Literature has shown that older adults also rely on context for word recognition, so it can be expected that for the older adults who are hard of hearing word recognition would be most successful when listening with two ears and when presented with high contextual information.
