Bench-scale Investigation of Composting for Remediation of Explosives-contaminated Soils from Iowa Army Ammunition Plant, Middletown, Iowa PDF Download
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Compost
Languages : en
Pages : 54
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Compost
Languages : en
Pages : 54
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Author:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Bench-scale compost and radiolabeled studies were conducted at the U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station (WES) and at the University of Minnesota to evaluate the reduction of explosives contaminated soil at Iowa Army Ammunition Plant. The goal of the study was to evaluate and to select the best combination of amendments, contaminated soils, and bulking agents to be utilized in the compost technology for remediation of explosives contaminated soils. The respirometric test was utilized as a screening tool to provide a general indication of biological activity within eight compost mixtures. The bench-scale compost reactor test was to extend the respirometric study by evaluating the applicability of the screened compost mixtures. The radiolabeled study was to provide insight into the apparent degradation of the explosive contaminant during the composting process. The respirometer results showed that cow manure and corn stalk (Mixture 3) and swine manure and corn stalk (Mixture 4) mixtures outperformed the other mixtures. Mixture 3 showed the best biodegradation rate; Mixture 4 showed the best respiration rate, while its biodegradation rate falls approximately within the middle of the eight treatments. Therefore, Mixtures 3 and 4 were advanced to the bench-scale composting test. The bench-scale composting study validated the explosive removal capacity of Mixtures 3 and 4. Mixture 3 temperature reached the mesophilic range (40 0C), while Mixture 4 temperature reached the thermophilic range (50 0C). The compost mixtures returned to ambient temperature after 10 days of composting.
Author: Kurt T. Preston
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Compost
Languages : en
Pages : 63
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The production and handling of conventional munitions have resulted in the generation of explosives-contaminated soils at various military installations. The principal explosive contaminants are 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), hexahydro- 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), and octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7- tetrazocine (HMX). The Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWC), Crane, Indiana, provides material and logistic support to the Navy's weapon systems, including expendable and nonexpendable ordnance items. As the complexity of weapons increased, the facility became more involved in the technical aspects of weaponry through the development of test methods, procedures, and equipment, while the facility's basic mission remained the same. Because of the potential for groundwater contamination, and the subsequent migration of explosives, treatment of the explosive-contaminated soils at several sites at the NSWC is necessary to protect the environment and avoid costly actions in the future. Incineration and composting are demonstrated technologies for the remediation of explosives-contaminated soils. However, incineration is publicly undesirable and economically infeasible for remediation of small sites. Composting was the selected technology to be evaluated for the remediation of the explosives-contaminated soils at NSWC.
Author: W. H. Griest
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Compost
Languages : en
Pages : 94
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Author: Edwin Barth
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 9780788114601
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 138
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Provides an overview of technical issues related to remediating soil & ground water contaminated with explosive & radioactive wastes at federal facility sites. Covers a range of sampling approaches & treatment technologies, both those that have been successfully demonstrated & applied & those that have not yet been successfully implemented. Includes operation of the technology; applications at the laboratory, bench, pilot, or field scale; & advantages & limitations of the technology. Over 100 charts, tables & drawings.
Author: Mark L. Hampton
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 6
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Biological treatment of explosives- contaminated soil is currently of interest to the U.S. Department of Defense. Composting is a fully implemented technology capable of removing explosives from soil cost-effectively. The biological and chemical reactions occurring during composting remove 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), octahydro- 1,3,5,7-tetranitro- 1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX), and hexahydro- l,3,5-trinitro-l,3,5-triazine (RDX), leaving no intermediates. Over the past several years, various groups have examined the use of soil slurry reactors to degrade explosives in soil. Several years of laboratory study have culminated in a pilot demonstration at the Joliet Army Ammunition Plant (JAAP), Joliet, Illinois. Laboratory and field studies (Manning et al., 1995) have demonstrated that TNT, HMX, and RDX can be biologically degraded with molasses as a cosubstrate. Waterways Experiment Station has conducted experiments examining the impact of surfactants on enhancing the degradation of explosives in a slurry reactor. These studies have been encouraging in batch reactor situations. The laboratory studies examined many different surfactants and determined that polysorbate 80 (Tween 80) is the most cost-effective. In addition, Tween 80 can be purchased commercially as a food-grade compound, eliminating regulatory concerns. The laboratory studies also investigated the different concentrations of surfactant in the reactor. The operating conditions were periods of aerobic conditions (with measurable dissolved oxygen), followed by periods of anoxic conditions (with no measurable dissolved oxygen but significant concentrations of nitrate, nitrite, and sulfate). The laboratory studies led to the development of a pilot-scale system to investigate the performance of soil slurry reactors with surfactant enhancement under field conditions. The pilot study at JAAP ran for almost six months. (This was an extension of a previous pilot study conducted at JAAP.) For this work.
Author: M. Broder
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 401
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This report describes the interim results (September 1996 through September 1998) of a Microbial Weathering Study conducted to determine if composted explosives-contaminated soil would leach explosives or explosive by-products. The three-year study was conducted using compost produced during the remediation of an explosives-contaminated site at the U.S. Army's Umatilla Army Depot Activity at Umatilla, Oregon. This compost was shipped to the Tennessee Valley Authority's Environmental Research Facility in Muscle Shoals, Alabama, where the study was conducted. At this juncture, two years' worth of data have been collected. The report concludes that the compost had not leached TNT, but had leached as much as 31.5 and 26.4 ppb of HMX and RDX, respectively. These results suggest that these explosives were not fully mineralized. However, the concentrations leached were well below the state of Oregon's action limit of 30 ppm.
Author:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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This report describes the results of the third and final year (September 1998 through September 1999) of a Microbial Weathering Study conducted to determine if composted explosives-contaminated soil would leach explosives or explosive by-products. The study was conducted using compost produced during the remediation of an explosives-contaminated site at the U.S. Army's Umatilla Army Depot Activity at Hermiston, Oregon. This compost was shipped to the Tennessee Valley Authority's Environmental Research Facility in Muscle Shoals, Alabama, where the study was conducted. The results of the third year of the study confirmed the results of the first two years of the study and these were that no TNT or TNT breakdown products were leached from the compost but as much as 31.5 and 26.4 ppb of HMX and RDX, respectively, were leached. These results suggest that HMX and RDX were not fully mineralized in the composting process. However, the concentrations leached were well below the state of Oregon's action limit of 30 ppm. Analysis of compost revealed that TNB was the only explosive breakdown product remaining in the compost after being weathered three years. Concentrations of TNB in the compost were less than 0.5 ppm. The results of the first two years (September1996 - September1998) of the Microbial Weathering Study are provided in USAEC Report No. SFlM-AEC-ET-CR-98042.
Author: Brandon Michael Clark
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bioremediation
Languages : en
Pages : 154
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Author:
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ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 60
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