Behavioral Characteristics of Neonate European Corn Borer, Ostrinia Nubilalis, on Bt Corn PDF Download
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Author: Janine Razze
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bacillus thuringiensis
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
European corn borer (ECB), Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), is an economically important insect pest of corn in the US and Canada. The development of genetically modified corn expressing genes derived from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) that encodes insecticidal crystalline (Cry) proteins has proven to be effective in controlling this insect. The purpose of this study was to assess dispersal and feeding behavior of neonate ECB on Bt corn. I examined differences in neonate ECB dispersal behavior for the first four hours following eclosion in the field among stacked pyramid (DAS 59122-7 x TC1507 x MON810) Bt corn, non-Bt near isoline, and non-Bt sweet corn; and in the laboratory among Bt corn hybrids TC1507, MON810, a pyramid combining TC1507 and MON810, and non-Bt near isoline corn. I also examined differences in feeding behavior between MON810 Bt corn and non-Bt near isoline corn for four intervals over a 48-hour period. In field experiments, I found that dispersal was significantly higher on non-Bt near isoline and Bt corn when compared to sweet corn. In laboratory experiments, dispersal was significantly higher on MON810 and stacked pyramid Bt corn than on non-Bt near isoline corn. Finally, feeding experiments suggested that there was a significant difference in feeding behavior between MON810 Bt corn and non-Bt near isoline corn. The findings from the feeding experiment also suggested that more than 50% of the larvae abandoned the plant before there was evidence of feeding for both Bt and non-Bt corn. Results indicated that a mixed refuge method could prove to be an effective solution for managing ECB resistance on Bt corn. However, additional research needs to be conducted on ECB larval movement between Bt and non-Bt corn to fully assess the efficacy of the mixed refuge strategy.
Author: Janine Razze
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bacillus thuringiensis
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
European corn borer (ECB), Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), is an economically important insect pest of corn in the US and Canada. The development of genetically modified corn expressing genes derived from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) that encodes insecticidal crystalline (Cry) proteins has proven to be effective in controlling this insect. The purpose of this study was to assess dispersal and feeding behavior of neonate ECB on Bt corn. I examined differences in neonate ECB dispersal behavior for the first four hours following eclosion in the field among stacked pyramid (DAS 59122-7 x TC1507 x MON810) Bt corn, non-Bt near isoline, and non-Bt sweet corn; and in the laboratory among Bt corn hybrids TC1507, MON810, a pyramid combining TC1507 and MON810, and non-Bt near isoline corn. I also examined differences in feeding behavior between MON810 Bt corn and non-Bt near isoline corn for four intervals over a 48-hour period. In field experiments, I found that dispersal was significantly higher on non-Bt near isoline and Bt corn when compared to sweet corn. In laboratory experiments, dispersal was significantly higher on MON810 and stacked pyramid Bt corn than on non-Bt near isoline corn. Finally, feeding experiments suggested that there was a significant difference in feeding behavior between MON810 Bt corn and non-Bt near isoline corn. The findings from the feeding experiment also suggested that more than 50% of the larvae abandoned the plant before there was evidence of feeding for both Bt and non-Bt corn. Results indicated that a mixed refuge method could prove to be an effective solution for managing ECB resistance on Bt corn. However, additional research needs to be conducted on ECB larval movement between Bt and non-Bt corn to fully assess the efficacy of the mixed refuge strategy.
Author: Jessica Ann Goldstein
Publisher: ProQuest
ISBN: 9780549182382
Category : Corn
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Most Lepidoptera disperse as adults, but in some groups the larvae disperse as well. Larval dispersal takes the form of ballooning; larvae use silk to hang off of plant surfaces and some get picked up by the wind. The longer the silk length, the greater the drag and the more likely the larva is to get picked up by the wind and the farther the larva will travel. The European corn borer (ECB), Ostrinia nubilalis, has been observed ballooning and is currently the target of a large control effort using transgenic Bt corn. I examined the differences between ECB larval dispersal on Pioneer 34K78 Mon 810 event Bt corn and Pioneer 34K77 non-Bt isoline corn. I tested plant abandonment, larval dispersal in artificial plots and ECB silking behavior. My results suggest that ECB larvae that hatch on a Bt corn plant abandon that plant with a higher frequency than ECB larvae that hatch on a non Bt corn plant and that ECB larvae are capable of reaching neighboring corn plants by ballooning. This dispersal behavior may play a significant role in resistance management, particularly in the spacing of non-Bt refuges. These experiments help us to better understand ECB neonate behavior and may apply to other insects under Bt selection pressure.
Author: Colothdian Deavonder Tate
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 156
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Book Description
Pennsylvania smartweed, velvetleaf, and giant foxtail were a few of the plants that were highly attractive to 0. nubilalis neonates in the 1997 trials. Again corn was one of the least preferred plants in 1997. Velvetleaf and giant foxtail had the highest and lowest concentration of nitrogen respectively. Neonate acceptance of giant foxtail and velvetleaf tended to decrease as the plants matured. These results have implications for 0. nubilalis evolution and for 0. nubilalis resistance-management refuge plants.
Author: Chris A. Wozniak
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400721552
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 399
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Book Description
Written in a practical, didactic format designed to deliver point-of-care information to practitioners of cardiology as well as assist non-cardiologists with the efficient management of cardiac disease, this highly illustrated manual is an essential reference.
Author: Jörg Romeis
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1402083734
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 451
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Book Description
Insect pests remain one of the main constraints to food and fiber production worldwide despite farmers deploying a range of techniques to protect their crops. Modern pest control is guided by the principles of integrated pest management (IPM) with pest resistant germplasm being an important part of the foundation. Since 1996, when the first genetically modified (GM) insect-resistant maize variety was commercialized in the USA, the area planted to insect-resistant GM varieties has grown dramatically, representing the fastest adoption rate of any agricultural technology in human history. The goal of our book is to provide an overview on the role insect-resistant GM plants play in different crop systems worldwide. We hope that the book will contribute to a more rational debate about the role GM crops can play in IPM for food and fiber production.
Author: Lester E. Ehler
Publisher: CABI
ISBN: 9780851998671
Category : Biological pest control agents
Languages : en
Pages : 280
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Book Description
Annotation. This book has been developed from the keynote addresses delivered at the third IOBC International Symposium (co-organized with CILBA) that was held in Montpellier in October 2002, to address recent developments in genetics and evolutionary biology as applied to biological control. Chapters are organized around the following themes: Genetic structure of pest and natural enemy populations Molecular diagnostic tools in biological control Tracing the origin of pests and natural enemies Predicting evolutionary change in pests and natural enemies Compatibility of transgenic crops and natural enemies Genetic manipulation of natural enemies. The authors identify new issues for each of the major approaches in applied biological control. These include the (1) use of molecular genetics to trace the origin of target pests in classical biological control, (2) potential of mass-reared, transgenic agents in augmentative biological control, and (3) compatibility of transgenic crops and natural enemies in conservational biological control.
Author: David J. Boethel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Insect pests
Languages : en
Pages : 236
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Book Description
Author: David W. Onstad
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0123972337
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 561
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Book Description
Neither pest management nor resistance management can occur with only an understanding of pest biology. For years, entomologists have understood, with their use of economic thresholds, that at least a minimal use of economics was necessary for proper integrated pest management. IRM is even more complicated and dependent on understanding and using socioeconomic factors. The new edition of Insect Resistance Management addresses these issues and much more. Many new ideas, facts and case studies have been developed since the previous edition of Insect Resistance Management published. With a new chapter focusing on Resistance Mechanisms Related to Plant-incorporated Toxins and heavily expanded revisions of several existing chapters, this new volume will be an invaluable resource for IRM researchers, practitioners, professors and advanced students. Authors in this edition include professors at major universities, leaders in the chemical and seed industry, evolutionary biologists and active IRM practitioners. This revision also contains more information about IRM outside North America, and a modeling chapter contains a large new section on uncertainty analysis, a subject recently emphasized by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The final chapter contains a section on insecticidal seed treatments. No other book has the breadth of coverage of Insect Resistance Management, 2e. It not only covers molecular to economic issues, but also transgenic crops, seed treatments and other pest management tactics such as crop rotation. Major themes continuing from the first edition include the importance of using IRM in the integrated pest management paradigm, the need to study and account for pest behavior, and the influence of human behavior and decision making in IRM. - Provides insights from the history of insect resistance management (IRM) to the latest science - Includes contributions from experts on ecological aspects of IRM, molecular and population genetics, economics, and IRM social issues - Offers biochemistry and molecular genetics of insecticides presented with an emphasis on recent research - Encourages scientists and stakeholders to implement and coordinate strategies based on local social conditions
Author: Benjamin E. Hodgson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agriculture
Languages : en
Pages : 72
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Book Description
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309437385
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 607
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Book Description
Genetically engineered (GE) crops were first introduced commercially in the 1990s. After two decades of production, some groups and individuals remain critical of the technology based on their concerns about possible adverse effects on human health, the environment, and ethical considerations. At the same time, others are concerned that the technology is not reaching its potential to improve human health and the environment because of stringent regulations and reduced public funding to develop products offering more benefits to society. While the debate about these and other questions related to the genetic engineering techniques of the first 20 years goes on, emerging genetic-engineering technologies are adding new complexities to the conversation. Genetically Engineered Crops builds on previous related Academies reports published between 1987 and 2010 by undertaking a retrospective examination of the purported positive and adverse effects of GE crops and to anticipate what emerging genetic-engineering technologies hold for the future. This report indicates where there are uncertainties about the economic, agronomic, health, safety, or other impacts of GE crops and food, and makes recommendations to fill gaps in safety assessments, increase regulatory clarity, and improve innovations in and access to GE technology.
