Background Processes in the Electrostatic Spectrometers of the KATRIN Experiment PDF Download
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Author: Susanne Mertens
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3319011774
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 203
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Book Description
Neutrinos continue to be the most mysterious and, arguably, the most fascinating particles of the Standard Model as their intrinsic properties such as absolute mass scale and CP properties are unknown. The open question of the absolute neutrino mass scale will be addressed with unprecedented accuracy by the Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment, currently under construction. This thesis focusses on the spectrometer part of KATRIN and background processes therein. Various background sources such as small Penning traps, as well as nuclear decays from single radon atoms are fully characterized here for the first time. Most importantly, however, it was possible to reduce the background in the spectrometer by more than five orders of magnitude by eliminating Penning traps and by developing a completely new background reduction method by stochastically heating trapped electrons using electron cyclotron resonance (ECR). The work beautifully demonstrates that the obstacles and challenges in measuring the absolute mass scale of neutrinos can be met successfully if novel experimental tools (ECR) and novel computing methods (KASSIOPEIA) are combined to allow almost background-free tritium ß-spectroscopy.
Author: Susanne Mertens
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3319011774
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 203
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Book Description
Neutrinos continue to be the most mysterious and, arguably, the most fascinating particles of the Standard Model as their intrinsic properties such as absolute mass scale and CP properties are unknown. The open question of the absolute neutrino mass scale will be addressed with unprecedented accuracy by the Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment, currently under construction. This thesis focusses on the spectrometer part of KATRIN and background processes therein. Various background sources such as small Penning traps, as well as nuclear decays from single radon atoms are fully characterized here for the first time. Most importantly, however, it was possible to reduce the background in the spectrometer by more than five orders of magnitude by eliminating Penning traps and by developing a completely new background reduction method by stochastically heating trapped electrons using electron cyclotron resonance (ECR). The work beautifully demonstrates that the obstacles and challenges in measuring the absolute mass scale of neutrinos can be met successfully if novel experimental tools (ECR) and novel computing methods (KASSIOPEIA) are combined to allow almost background-free tritium ß-spectroscopy.
Author: Magnus Schlösser
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319062212
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 226
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Book Description
Neutrinos can arguably be labeled as the most fascinating elementary particles known as their small but non-zero rest mass points to new mass generating mechanisms beyond the Standard Model, and also assigns primordial neutrinos from the Big Bang a distinct role in shaping the evolution of large-scale structures in the universe. The open question of the absolute neutrino mass scale will be addressed by the Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment, currently under construction. This thesis reports major contributions to developing and implementing new laser-spectroscopic precision tools to continuously monitor the isotope content of the windowless gaseous tritium source of KATRIN. The method of choice, Raman spectroscopy, is ideally suited for in-situ monitoring of all six hydrogen isotopologues. In a series of beautiful experiments the author obtained two independent novel calibration methods, first based on a comparison of experimental Raman depolarization ratios with corresponding quantum-chemical calculations, and second on a gas sampling technique. Both methods yield consistent cross-calibration results and, as well as yielding improvements in precision, will be of major importance in reducing systematic effects in long-term neutrino mass measurements. The methods developed in this thesis also have great potential to further broaden the applications of Raman spectroscopy to study extended sources such as in atmospheric physics.
Author: Alexander I Studenikin
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9813224576
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 595
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Book Description
The volume of these proceedings is devoted to a wide variety of items, both in theory and experiment, of particle physics such as electroweak theory, fundamental symmetries, tests of the standard model and beyond, neutrino and astroparticle physics, hadron physics, gravitation and cosmology, physics at the present and future accelerator.
Author: Hans Volker Klapdor-Kleingrothaus
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9783540442578
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 698
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Book Description
The search for Dark Matter in the Universe has established itself as one of the most exciting and central fields of astrophysics, particle physics, and cosmology.
Author: Shrikaant Kulkarni
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000090248
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 276
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Book Description
Renewable Materials and Green Technology Products: Environmental and Safety Aspects looks at the design, manufacture, and use of efficient, effective, safe, and more environmentally benign chemical products and processes. It includes a broad range of application-based solutions to the development of renewable materials and green technology. The latest trends in the green synthesis and properties of CNs are presented in the first chapter of this book for generating social awareness about sustainable developments. The book goes on to highlight the naissance and progressive trail of microwave-assisted synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles, for a clean and green technology tool. Chapters discuss green technological alternatives for the global abatement of air pollution, effective use and treatment of water and wastewater, renewable power generation from solar PV cells, carbon-based nanomaterials synthesized using green protocol for sustainable development, green technologies that help to achieve economic development without harming the environment, technical solutions to cut down the quantum of N losses, conventional processing techniques in developing the bionanocomposites as the biocatalyst, and more.
Author: Guido Altarelli
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3540449019
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Reviews the current state of knowledge of neutrino masses and the related question of neutrino oscillations. After an overview of the theory of neutrino masses and mixings, detailed accounts are given of the laboratory limits on neutrino masses, astrophysical and cosmological constraints on those masses, experimental results on neutrino oscillations, the theoretical interpretation of those results, and theoretical models of neutrino masses and mixings. The book concludes with an examination of the potential of long-baseline experiments. This is an essential reference text for workers in elementary-particle physics, nuclear physics, and astrophysics.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Neutrino astrophysics
Languages : en
Pages : 576
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Book Description
Author: Fernando Ferroni
Publisher: IOS Press
ISBN: 1607500388
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 493
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Book Description
"This volume offers a valuable insight into various aspects of the ongoing work directed at measuring neutrino mass. It took twenty years to refute the assertions of Bethe and Peierls that neutrinos were not observable, but it has since been realised that much can be learnt from these particles. The moral is, as Fiorini argues here, that the study of neutrinos was and remains demanding but rewarding. Subjects addressed in this volume include: clarifying the meaning of the Klapdor-Kleingrothaus results, probing the Majorana nature of neutrinos, observing lepton number violating effects for the first time, studying the end point of the spectrum in the search for neutrino masses and speculating whether it is possible to measure neutrino masses in cosmology. Lectures are enriched with rich historical overviews and valuable introductory material. Attention is also given to theoretical topics such as the evolution of the concept of mass in particle physics, a status report on neutrino oscillations and current discussion on neutrino masses. The reader is further reminded that neutrino masses may also have some bearing on the very origin of the matter among us, and have many deep links with other important lines of current physics research." --Book Jacket.
Author: Neil John Curwen Spooner
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9812382372
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 684
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Book Description
The objective of this workshop series is to assess the status of work attempting to identify what constitutes dark matter - in particular, to consider the techniques being used, how successful they are, and what new techniques are likely to improve prospects for identifying likely dark matter candidates in the future.
Author: Vladislav Simák
Publisher: American Institute of Physics
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 340
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Book Description
Prague, Czech Republic, 6-9 July 2005
