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Author: Fredda Ginsberg-Fellner
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 146123218X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 448
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Book Description
It has been a challenge for us to edit this volume of Endocrinology and Metabo lism: Progress in Research and Clinical Practice. The topic of the pathogenesis of insulin-dependent, type I diabetes mellitus is particularly appropriate for this series, since advances in this area have been made, to a large extent, by applying state-of-the-art laboratory techniques to clinical samples. Over the last several years, a number of lines of evidence have been gathered, suggesting that classic type I diabetes mellitus results from the autoimmune des truction of pancreatic beta-cells in genetically susceptible individuals. This hypothesis is particularly appealing because it offers a rational approach to the prevention of diabetes by immunosuppression. We have tried to present a balanced, authoritative summary of the information currently available to support the autoimmune hypothesis for the pathogenesis of human type I diabetes, to place this information in historical perspective, to include relevant information from animal models of type I diabetes in which more invasive experimentation is ethical, and, finally, to update the reader on the current status of attempts to intervene in the progression of diabetes with immunosuppressive drugs. New York, New York Fredda Ginsberg-Fellner Robert C. McEvoy Contents Preface.. . . .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . v Contributors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Xl . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. The Autoimmune Hypothesis of Insulin-Dependent Diabetes: 1965 to the Present . . . . . . . . . . . . ..................... . . . . . .
Author: Fredda Ginsberg-Fellner
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 146123218X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 448
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Book Description
It has been a challenge for us to edit this volume of Endocrinology and Metabo lism: Progress in Research and Clinical Practice. The topic of the pathogenesis of insulin-dependent, type I diabetes mellitus is particularly appropriate for this series, since advances in this area have been made, to a large extent, by applying state-of-the-art laboratory techniques to clinical samples. Over the last several years, a number of lines of evidence have been gathered, suggesting that classic type I diabetes mellitus results from the autoimmune des truction of pancreatic beta-cells in genetically susceptible individuals. This hypothesis is particularly appealing because it offers a rational approach to the prevention of diabetes by immunosuppression. We have tried to present a balanced, authoritative summary of the information currently available to support the autoimmune hypothesis for the pathogenesis of human type I diabetes, to place this information in historical perspective, to include relevant information from animal models of type I diabetes in which more invasive experimentation is ethical, and, finally, to update the reader on the current status of attempts to intervene in the progression of diabetes with immunosuppressive drugs. New York, New York Fredda Ginsberg-Fellner Robert C. McEvoy Contents Preface.. . . .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . v Contributors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Xl . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. The Autoimmune Hypothesis of Insulin-Dependent Diabetes: 1965 to the Present . . . . . . . . . . . . ..................... . . . . . .
Author: Mark A. Sperling
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781416027539
Category : Children
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Author: Fredda Ginsberg-Fellner
Publisher:
ISBN: 9783540966456
Category : Autoimmune diseases
Languages : en
Pages : 296
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Book Description
Author: Matthias G. Von Herrath
Publisher: Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
ISBN: 3805572409
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 371
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Book Description
Type 1 diabetes as well as multiple sclerosis are thought to be T cell mediated autoimmune diseases that involve a detrimental action of inflammatory cytokines and autoaggressive T lymphocytes. They still pose many unsolved puzzles, and the precise etiology as well as prevention have remained elusive. It is clear that genetic factors can predispose for developing diabetes, however, based on significant disease discordance found in monozygotic twins, additional environmental factors have to be postulated. Viruses are good candidates because they induce strong cellular and humoral immune responses, but no single etiologic agent has been identified. Several animal models are presented which have been used to study the activation of naive autoreactive lymphocytes. It is shown that regulation of the autoaggressive process occurs prior to clinical diabetes and is mediated by a complete network of cytokines, as well as regulatory circuits/cells. The spreading of autoimmunity to self-antigens not involved in the initial phase of islet destruction is not necessarily detrimental and can carry benefits. Therapeutically, counter-regulation of aggressive responses has been demonstrated via various means in animal models preventing diabetes or rejection of transplanted islets.
Author: George S. Eisenbarth
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1351081896
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 235
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Book Description
Effective immunotherapies The next generation of immunotherapeutic agents
Author: Domenico Andreani
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN:
Category : Diabetes
Languages : en
Pages : 280
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Book Description
Recent national, European and international diabetes meetings have seen controversial discussions on the potential benefit and also on ethical aspects of immune intervention in patients with Type 1 diabetes or in persons with a high risk of developing the disease.
Author: George S. Eisenbarth
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780849345586
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 240
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Book Description
This important text will be the first devoted to a detailed analysis of immunotherapy as it ap-plies to Type I diabetes and the pathogenesis and therapy of other specific autoimmune diseases (including uveitis, multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, Cogan's syndrome, Graves' ophthalmopathy, and gonadal disorders).
Author: Enzo Bonora
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9783319450148
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
This book provides the reader with comprehensive information on the epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, pathophysiology, clinical features, prevention, and treatment of diabetes with the aim of empowering health care providers in their daily battle against the disease. Diabetes has been identified by WHO and the United Nations as a medical emergency because of the increase in its global prevalence, which may reach one billion in three to four decades if the trend remains unchanged. Despite improved care that is helping to prolong life, diabetes impacts substantially on the quality of life of those affected and kills or disables several million people each year. The disease is systemic because all organs, tissues, and cells suffer in the presence of hyperglycemia and are damaged by the diabetic milieu. Unfortunately, most patients with diabetes will consequently experience chronic diabetic complications. This book, combining basic science with a practical clinical orientation, will be of value for all physicians and nurses who care for patients with diabetes.
Author: Gabriel Virella
Publisher: Frontiers E-books
ISBN: 2889193527
Category : Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology
Languages : en
Pages : 96
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Book Description
The main causes of morbidity and mortality in diabetes are macrovasular and microvascular complications, including atherosclerosis, nephropathy, and retinopathy. As the definition of atherosclerosis as a chronic, smoldering, inflammatory disease has gained general acceptance, the attention of researchers has focused on the triggers of chronic vascular inflammation. The oxidation and other forms of modification of lipids and lipoproteins have emerged as a major pathogenic factor in atherosclerosis, with a significant interaction with the immune system. Modified lipoproteins by themselves are proinflammatory through the activation of the innate immune system as a consequence of the interaction with scavenger receptors and/or toll-like receptors expressed by a variety of cell types, including phagocytic cells and dendritic cells. A variety of modified forms of LDL (mLDL), including oxidized, malondialdehyde-modified, and Advanced Glycation End-product-modified LDL induce autoimmune responses in humans. Those modifications seem enhanced in diabetes, and the progression of atherosclerosis is accelerated in diabetic patients. The immune response to all forms of mLDL results in both activation of T cells in the arterial wall and in an autoimmune response characterized by the formation of IgG antibodies. Both arms of the immune response are believed to play a role in vascular inflammation. While the cell response is likely to activate resident macrophages, the humoral immune response results in the production of IgG antibodies that bind to specific epitopes in modified forms of LDL, generate immune complexes both intra- and extravascularly, and those complexes are able to activate the classical pathway of the complement system as well as phagocytic cells via Fc? receptors. In vitro studies suggest that the pro-inflammatory activity of immune complexes containing mLDL is several-fold higher than that of the modified LDL molecules by themselves. Clinical studies have provided significant support to the pathogenic role of immune complexes containing modified LDL in the development of atherosclerotic complications in patients with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. At the same time, there is increasing evidence that the formation of immune complexes containing modified forms of LDL may also be involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy. These are areas in which more research is needed to fully understand the pathogenic mechanisms activated by those immune complexes. Of interest is the fact that animal models have suggested the possibility of modifying the adaptive humoral immune response in ways that would result in slowing down, and perhaps prevent, the atherosclerotic process. This possibility is sufficiently alluring as to justify increased research efforts, both in animal models (including diabetic animals) and translational clinical studies. The manipulation of the T regulatory population is another area of potential translational impact, which has hardly been explored. Indeed at this point of time, what seems to be a high priority is an increased and open interchange of information among investigators, trying to reach a better general understanding and integration of knowledge generated from a variety of approaches and perspectives. This Research Topic provided an optimal platform for this open interchange of information. We encouraged interested scientists to submit mini-reviews, methods papers, review articles, perspectives and original research articles covering this topic in all its diversity to facilitate the communication of perspectives and new information between scientists interested in understanding the multiple implications of the involvement of the immune system in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications.
Author: Steinunn Bækkeskov
Publisher: Springer
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 220
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Book Description
