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Author: Robin Kaiser
Publisher:
ISBN: 9782759823772
Category :
Languages : fr
Pages : 195
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Book Description
Author: Robin Kaiser
Publisher:
ISBN: 9782759823772
Category :
Languages : fr
Pages : 195
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Robin KAISER
Publisher: EDP Sciences
ISBN: 2759832724
Category : Science
Languages : fr
Pages : 471
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Book Description
Les physiciens savent produire des gaz à quelques milliardièmes de degrés au-dessus du zéro absolu. Les méthodes de refroidissement s’appliquent non seulement aux atomes mais aussi aux ions et aux molécules. Ce domaine de recherche a été couronné deux fois par le prix Nobel. Il s’est extraordinairement enrichi depuis que l’on sait faire varier à volonté les interactions entre les particules et piéger celles-ci avec des pinces optiques ou dans des réseaux optiques à la géométrie ajustable. On édifie ainsi des cristaux artificiels formés d’atomes ou de molécules qui peuvent simuler la structure de la matière et élucider certaines de ses propriétés magnétiques, avec la perspective d’expliquer un jour la supraconductivité à haute température. Le phénomène d’intrication quantique est à la base de nouveaux dispositifs pour le stockage et la transmission de l’information quantique. Des progrès spectaculaires sont constamment enregistrés en métrologie. Ainsi des horloges à atomes ou à ions ultrafroids mesurent le temps à mieux qu’une seconde sur la durée de l’Univers. Des gravimètres et gyromètres industriels d’un type nouveau améliorent la sensibilité de la sismologie et la navigation dans l’espace. En outre, l’extrême précision des mesures permet de tester les lois fondamentales de la physique, par exemple l’électrodynamique quantique, l’invariance de Lorentz ou les éventuelles variations des constantes fondamentales. Le domaine des particules ultrafroides rejoint aujourd’hui ceux de la matière condensée, de la chimie et même de la cosmologie. Robin Kaiser est directeur de recherche CNRS à l’Institut de physique de Nice à l’université de la Côte d’Azur. Michèle Leduc est directrice de recherche CNRS émérite au Laboratoire Kastler-Brossel à l’École normale supérieure à Paris. Hélène Perrin est directrice de recherche au Laboratoire de physique des lasers à l’université Sorbonne Paris Nord.
Author: Robin KAISER
Publisher: EDP Sciences
ISBN: 2759827461
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 194
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Book Description
Physicists know how to produce gases at a few billionths of a degree above absolute zero. The cooling methods apply not only to atoms but also to ions and molecules. This field of research has three times been awarded the Nobel Prize. The field experienced remarkable growth when experimentalists learned how to vary at will the interactions between particles, trapping them with optical tweezers or in optical gratings with adjustable geometry. Artificial crystals made of atoms or molecules can be built to simulate the structure of matter and elucidate some of its magnetic properties, hopefully contributing to the understanding of high-temperature superconductivity. The phenomenon of quantum entanglement is the basis for new devices for the storage and transmission of quantum information. Spectacular progress is constantly being made in metrology. For example, ultra-cold atom or ion clocks measure time to better than one second over the lifetime of the Universe. New types of industrial gravimeters and gyroscopes are improving the sensitivity of seismology and navigation in space. In addition, the extreme precision of the measurements allows tests of the fundamental laws of physics, such as quantum electrodynamics, Lorentz invariance or possible variations of the fundamental constants. The field of ultra-cold particles has now reached the stage where it provides insights in the fields of condensed matter, chemistry and even cosmology.
Author: Joseph Berkowitz
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9781461336662
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 594
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Book Description
The present volume contains contributions presented at the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Molecular Ions held on the island of Kos, Greece, from September 30 to October 10, 1980. The meeting was attended by some 60 participants from 15 different countries. It was the first meeting devoted exclusively to the topic of molecular ions. Its vitality derived from bringing together experts and students from a wide variety of disciplines, whose studies bear upon the structure of molecular ions. The aim of the meeting was to assemble these scientists, representing many countries in Europe and North America, to discuss the advances and capabilities of the various experimental and theoretical approaches and to point out un solved problems and directions for future research. The format, in volving lecturers and students, served as a tutorial. Molecular ions play an important role in very diverse fields of nature such as reactions in the ionosphere, the processes of forma tion of molecules in dense interstellar clouds, and the magnetohydro dynamics of plasmas used for energy generation. Our understanding of the properties of molecular ions, their electronic and geometric structures, has been developing from a variety of sources, as far removed as tickling ions with radiofre quency radiation and smashing them apart at relativistic energies. Various laser techniques are described, and the queen of structural determination, spectroscopy, is well represented. On the instrumen tal side, older techniques have been perfected and new methods have evolved.
Author: Mario G Rasetti
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9814513962
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 242
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Book Description
This collection of articles provides authoritative and up-to-date reviews on the Hubbard Model. It will be useful to graduate students and researchers in the field.
Author: Thérèse Encrenaz
Publisher: EDP Sciences
ISBN: 2759825701
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 166
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Book Description
The Earth is the only planet in the Solar System where liquid water is present on the surface, a condition that seems necessary for the development of life. Its sisters Venus and Mars are extremely different. Why did these three planets, born under fairly comparable conditions, evolve to the conditions we observe today? Understanding the physical or chemical factors that are at the origin of such divergent evolutions is a first step in an approach to the problem of the origin of life on Earth.
Author: M. Inguscio
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781435677906
Category : Cold gases
Languages : en
Pages : 898
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Book Description
Author: Ping Sheng
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540291563
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 341
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Book Description
Waves represent an important topic of study in physics, mathematics, and engineering. This volume is a resource book for those interested in understanding the physics underlying nanotechnology and mesoscopic phenomena. It aims to bridge the gap between the textbooks and research frontiers in wave related topics.
Author: Roland Winkler
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9783540011873
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 244
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Book Description
The first part provides a general introduction to the electronic structure of quasi-two-dimensional systems with a particular focus on group-theoretical methods. The main part of the monograph is devoted to spin-orbit coupling phenomena at zero and nonzero magnetic fields. Throughout the book, the main focus is on a thorough discussion of the physical ideas and a detailed interpretation of the results. Accurate numerical calculations are complemented by simple and transparent analytical models that capture the important physics.
Author: Leong Chuan Kwek
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9814460354
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 303
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Book Description
The physics of strong light-matter coupling has been addressed in different scientific communities over the last three decades. Since the early eighties, atoms coupled to optical and microwave cavities have led to pioneering demonstrations of cavity quantum electrodynamics, Gedanken experiments, and building blocks for quantum information processing, for which the Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded in 2012. In the framework of semiconducting devices, strong coupling has allowed investigations into the physics of Bose gases in solid-state environments, and the latter holds promise for exploiting light-matter interaction at the single-photon level in scalable architectures. More recently, impressive developments in the so-called superconducting circuit QED have opened another fundamental playground to revisit cavity quantum electrodynamics for practical and fundamental purposes. This book aims at developing the necessary interface between these communities, by providing future researchers with a robust conceptual, theoretical and experimental basis on strong light-matter coupling, both in the classical and in the quantum regimes. In addition, the emphasis is on new forefront research topics currently developed around the physics of strong light-matter interaction in the atomic and solid-state scenarios.
