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Author: Agnès Laboudigue
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 109
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Book Description
Le travail de recherche développé depuis une dizaine d'années porte sur les associations entre des composés organiques ou inorganiques d'origine anthropique et le sol, et leurs conséquences sur les transferts des polluants. Il a été focalisé sur l'application de méthodes d'imestigation in situ des interactions entre composés anthropiques et différentes matrices solides, avec pour objectif l'identification de phases réactives ou de signatures de néoformations. A travers le co-encadrement de 3 thèses de doctorat l'application de techniques de spectrométrie résolues spatialement sur rayonnement synchrotron (EXAFS, μ-EXAFS, μ-fluorescence X, μ-diffraction X) a été développée pour l'identification et la quantification d'espèces métallifères dans des échantillons naturels hétérogènes. Cette approche directe de la spéciation a permis d'identifier les phases responsables de phénomènes observés à l'échelle macroscopique, grâce à des informations sur l'évolution des milieux solide et liquide du sol, recueillies sur des sites industriels pollués et des sites expérimentaux instrumentés. En complétant l'approche physico-chimique par des caractérisations microbiologiques, biologiques, géochimiques et hydrologiques, il a été possible de hiérarchiser les mécanismes biotiques et abiotiques impliqués dans le transfert des métaux au sein des milieux pollués étudiés. Cette approche multi-échelles et pluridisciplinaire offre l'avantage de prendre en compte les questions relatives à la représentativité de l'échantillon et des observations par rapport aux conditions réelles du terrain, et ainsi de disposer de paramètres fiables pour une modélisation réaliste de l'évolution des sites pollués. Cette recherche de spécialité s'intègre dans une activité plus large de définition et d'encadrement des programmes de recherche du Centre National de Recherche sur les Sites et Sols Pollués, couvrant les thèmes de la caractérisation des pollutions, du comportement à long terme des polluants dans les sols. et de leur impact sur la santé humaine.
Author: Agnès Laboudigue
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 109
Get Book Here
Book Description
Le travail de recherche développé depuis une dizaine d'années porte sur les associations entre des composés organiques ou inorganiques d'origine anthropique et le sol, et leurs conséquences sur les transferts des polluants. Il a été focalisé sur l'application de méthodes d'imestigation in situ des interactions entre composés anthropiques et différentes matrices solides, avec pour objectif l'identification de phases réactives ou de signatures de néoformations. A travers le co-encadrement de 3 thèses de doctorat l'application de techniques de spectrométrie résolues spatialement sur rayonnement synchrotron (EXAFS, μ-EXAFS, μ-fluorescence X, μ-diffraction X) a été développée pour l'identification et la quantification d'espèces métallifères dans des échantillons naturels hétérogènes. Cette approche directe de la spéciation a permis d'identifier les phases responsables de phénomènes observés à l'échelle macroscopique, grâce à des informations sur l'évolution des milieux solide et liquide du sol, recueillies sur des sites industriels pollués et des sites expérimentaux instrumentés. En complétant l'approche physico-chimique par des caractérisations microbiologiques, biologiques, géochimiques et hydrologiques, il a été possible de hiérarchiser les mécanismes biotiques et abiotiques impliqués dans le transfert des métaux au sein des milieux pollués étudiés. Cette approche multi-échelles et pluridisciplinaire offre l'avantage de prendre en compte les questions relatives à la représentativité de l'échantillon et des observations par rapport aux conditions réelles du terrain, et ainsi de disposer de paramètres fiables pour une modélisation réaliste de l'évolution des sites pollués. Cette recherche de spécialité s'intègre dans une activité plus large de définition et d'encadrement des programmes de recherche du Centre National de Recherche sur les Sites et Sols Pollués, couvrant les thèmes de la caractérisation des pollutions, du comportement à long terme des polluants dans les sols. et de leur impact sur la santé humaine.
Author: International Development Research Centre (Canada)
Publisher: IDRC
ISBN: 088936852X
Category : Cover crops
Languages : en
Pages : 319
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Book Description
Cover Crops in West Africa Contributing to Sustainable Agriculture
Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN: 9789251055212
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 116
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Book Description
Soils are affected by human activities, such as industrial, municipal and agriculture, that often result in soil degradation and loss. In order to prevent soil degradation and to rehabilitate the potentials of degraded soils, reliable soil data are the most important prerequisites for the design of appropriate land-use systems and soil management practices as well as for a better understanding of the environment. The availability of reliable information on soil morphology and other characteristics obtained through examination and description of the soil in the field is essential, and the use of a common language is of prime importance. These guidelines, based on the latest internationally accepted systems and classifications, provide a complete procedure for soil description and for collecting field data. To help beginners, some explanatory notes are included as well as keys based on simple test and observations.--Publisher's description.
Author: Soil Science Society of America
Publisher: ASA-CSSA-SSSA
ISBN: 9780891188513
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 96
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Book Description
More than 1800 terms are included in this revised glossary. Subject matter includes soil physics, soil chemistry, soil biology and biochemistry, pedology, soil and water management and conservation, forest and range soils, nutrient management and soil and plant analysis, mineralogy, wetland soils, and soils and environmental quality. Two appendices on tabular information and designations for soil horizons and layers also are included.
Author: Eric Lichtfouse
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9048133335
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 478
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Book Description
Sustainable agriculture is a rapidly growing field aiming at producing food and energy in a sustainable way for humans and their children. Sustainable agriculture is a discipline that addresses current issues such as climate change, increasing food and fuel prices, poor-nation starvation, rich-nation obesity, water pollution, soil erosion, fertility loss, pest control, and biodiversity depletion. Novel, environmentally-friendly solutions are proposed based on integrated knowledge from sciences as diverse as agronomy, soil science, molecular biology, chemistry, toxicology, ecology, economy, and social sciences. Indeed, sustainable agriculture decipher mechanisms of processes that occur from the molecular level to the farming system to the global level at time scales ranging from seconds to centuries. For that, scientists use the system approach that involves studying components and interactions of a whole system to address scientific, economic and social issues. In that respect, sustainable agriculture is not a classical, narrow science. Instead of solving problems using the classical painkiller approach that treats only negative impacts, sustainable agriculture treats problem sources. Because most actual society issues are now intertwined, global, and fast-developing, sustainable agriculture will bring solutions to build a safer world. This book series gathers review articles that analyze current agricultural issues and knowledge, then propose alternative solutions. It will therefore help all scientists, decision-makers, professors, farmers and politicians who wish to build a safe agriculture, energy and food system for future generations.
Author: Else K. Bünemann
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642152716
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 485
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Book Description
Phosphorus (P) is a finite resource which is essential for life. It is a limiting nutrient in many ecosystems but also a pollutant which can affect biodiversity in terrestrial ecosystems and change the ecology of water bodies. This book collects the latest information on biological processes in soil P cycling, which to date have remained much less understood than physico-chemical processes. The methods section presents spectroscopic techniques and the characterization of microbial P forms, as well as the use of tracers, molecular approaches and modeling of soil-plant systems. The section on processes deals with mycorrhizal symbioses, microbial P solubilization, soil macrofauna, phosphatase enzymes and rhizosphere processes. On the system level, P cycling is examined for grasslands, arctic and alpine soils, forest plantations, tropical forests, and dryland regions. Further, P management with respect to animal production and cropping, and the interactions between global change and P cycling, are treated.
Author: S. Roussos
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401706611
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 641
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Book Description
G.HAINNAUX Departement Milieu et Activites Agricoles, Centre ORSTOM, 911 Avenue d' Agropolis, B.P. 5045, 34032 Montpellier Cedex , France. Solid state fermentation, popularly abbreviated as SSF, is currently investigated by many groups throughout the world. The study of this technique was largely neglected in the past in European and Western countries and there is now a high demand for SSF, meaning in food, environment, agricultural, phannaceutical and many other biotechnological applications. It gives me satisfaction to note that the importance of this technique was realised at my department way back in 1975 since then, our team has put concentrated efforts on developing this technique. xvii Foreword Advances in Solid State Fermentation Foreword M. PUYGRENIER Agropolis Valorisation, Avenue d' Agropolis, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France. On the name of the Scientific Community, I would like to express the wish that this International Symposium on SSF should be successful. Solid State Fermentation is part of biotechnology research. It consists on seeding solid culture medium with bacteria or fungi (filamentous or higher) and on producing, in this medium (solid components and exudates) metabolites and high value products. In fact, this process is very old. In older industries such the food and agricultural, this technique has been extensively used. An example of this is the production of pork sausages and Roquefort cheese. Pharmaceutical industry could make extensive use of SSF in the production of secondary metabolites of many kinds and development in this direction is soon expected.
Author: Collectif
Publisher: IRD Éditions
ISBN: 2709922207
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 736
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Book Description
This book has been published by Allenvi (French National Alliance for Environmental Research) to coincide with the 22nd Conference of Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP22) in Marrakesh. It is the outcome of work by academic researchers on both sides of the Mediterranean and provides a remarkable scientific review of the mechanisms of climate change and its impacts on the environment, the economy, health and Mediterranean societies. It will also be valuable in developing responses that draw on “scientific evidence” to address the issues of adaptation, resource conservation, solutions and risk prevention. Reflecting the full complexity of the Mediterranean environment, the book is a major scientific contribution to the climate issue, where various scientific considerations converge to break down the boundaries between disciplines.
Author: Leslie Rainer
Publisher: Getty Publications
ISBN: 1606060430
Category : Architecture
Languages : fr
Pages : 438
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Book Description
Earthen architecture constitutes one of the most diverse forms of cultural heritage and one of the most challenging to preserve. It dates from all periods and is found on all continents but is particularly prevalent in Africa, where it has been a building tradition for centuries. Sites range from ancestral cities in Mali to the palaces of Abomey in Benin, from monuments and mosques in Iran and Buddhist temples on the Silk Road to Spanish missions in California. This volume's sixty-four papers address such themes as earthen architecture in Mali, the conservation of living sites, local knowledge systems and intangible aspects, seismic and other natural forces, the conservation and management of archaeological sites, research advances, and training.
Author: J. Gautheyrou
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9789054107163
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 514
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Book Description
The objective of this book is to provide a better understanding of tools for soil analysis in order to use them more efficiently. It covers sampling problems as well as difficulties relating to actual analysis and quality control.
