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Author: Jennifer I. Gapin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
Languages : en
Pages : 112
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Book Description
"Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the leading childhood psychiatric disorders and is a costly public health problem. ADHD causes multiple impairments and while stimulant medications are effective in treating core symptoms of ADHD, some children are not responsive to medications, there is little known about their long-term effects, and they can cause numerous deleterious side effects. Research suggests that physical activity positively impacts some of the same neurobiological mechanisms that have been implicated in ADHD and may have a particularly beneficial effect for children with ADHD by moderating fundamental cognitive deficiencies and behavioral symptoms that characterize this disorder. One of the primary cognitive impairments in ADHD children is executive function (EF). Children with ADHD consistently perform worse on a range of EF tasks relative to those without ADHD (Wilcutt et al., 2005). There is extensive research to support that physical activity selectively improves EF performance in older adults (Colcombe & Kramer, 2003) and some evidence that it has a small effect on cognition in children (Sibley & Etnier, 2003; Tomporowski et al., 2008). Despite evidence and rationale supporting the potential for physical activity to benefit children with ADHD, there is very little research in this area. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the extent to which physical activity is associated with ADHD symptoms and EF task performance in children with ADHD. Eighteen boys (M age = 10.61, SD = 1.50), who had been diagnosed by a medical professional and were currently taking stimulant medication, were recruited from the community for participation in the study. Children came to the testing site to complete four measures of EF: planning (Tower of London); working memory (Digit Span); processing speed (Children's Colors Trails Test 1 and 2); and inhibition (Conner's Continuous Performance Test, CPT II). Parents completed rating scales (ADHD Rating Scale IV; Behavior Assessment System for Children, 2nd Edition) to assess their child's ADHD symptoms. The most relevant outcome variables from each task and the rating scales were chosen for analysis. Physical activity was measured with an accelerometer (Yamax NL-1000) that participants wore for seven consecutive days providing daily step counts (steps) and minutes per day spent in moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA). Regression analyses were used with physical activity as a predictor of EF performance and ADHD symptoms. Results revealed that MVPA was a significant predictor of performance on the Tower of London, adjusted R2 = .28, F (1, 16) = 7.61, p
Author: Jennifer I. Gapin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
Languages : en
Pages : 112
Get Book Here
Book Description
"Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the leading childhood psychiatric disorders and is a costly public health problem. ADHD causes multiple impairments and while stimulant medications are effective in treating core symptoms of ADHD, some children are not responsive to medications, there is little known about their long-term effects, and they can cause numerous deleterious side effects. Research suggests that physical activity positively impacts some of the same neurobiological mechanisms that have been implicated in ADHD and may have a particularly beneficial effect for children with ADHD by moderating fundamental cognitive deficiencies and behavioral symptoms that characterize this disorder. One of the primary cognitive impairments in ADHD children is executive function (EF). Children with ADHD consistently perform worse on a range of EF tasks relative to those without ADHD (Wilcutt et al., 2005). There is extensive research to support that physical activity selectively improves EF performance in older adults (Colcombe & Kramer, 2003) and some evidence that it has a small effect on cognition in children (Sibley & Etnier, 2003; Tomporowski et al., 2008). Despite evidence and rationale supporting the potential for physical activity to benefit children with ADHD, there is very little research in this area. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the extent to which physical activity is associated with ADHD symptoms and EF task performance in children with ADHD. Eighteen boys (M age = 10.61, SD = 1.50), who had been diagnosed by a medical professional and were currently taking stimulant medication, were recruited from the community for participation in the study. Children came to the testing site to complete four measures of EF: planning (Tower of London); working memory (Digit Span); processing speed (Children's Colors Trails Test 1 and 2); and inhibition (Conner's Continuous Performance Test, CPT II). Parents completed rating scales (ADHD Rating Scale IV; Behavior Assessment System for Children, 2nd Edition) to assess their child's ADHD symptoms. The most relevant outcome variables from each task and the rating scales were chosen for analysis. Physical activity was measured with an accelerometer (Yamax NL-1000) that participants wore for seven consecutive days providing daily step counts (steps) and minutes per day spent in moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA). Regression analyses were used with physical activity as a predictor of EF performance and ADHD symptoms. Results revealed that MVPA was a significant predictor of performance on the Tower of London, adjusted R2 = .28, F (1, 16) = 7.61, p
Author: David Gozal
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1592598919
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 561
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Book Description
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurobehavioral disorder affecting 5–10% of children and adolescents and 3% of adults. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: From Genes to Patients aims to provide a comp- hensive, state-of-the-art overview of the critical aspects of ADHD, and hopefully will serve as a quick and up-to-date reference source for professionals with an int- est in ADHD. The book is divided into three major areas that follow an historical survey. The first group of chapters deals with current theories on the pathophysiology of ADHD, and focuses on neurotransmitters and the contributions and validity of animal m- els. The second section emphasizes the evaluation and treatment of patients with ADHD, from the day-to-day approach by the clinical psychologist to the more sophisticated anatomical and functional imaging strategies that have emerged in the last decade. In addition, chapters dealing with specific impairments, such as those pertaining to reading, social interaction, and working memory, are also included for more detailed analysis of these important aspects and their respective contributions to global functioning. The third and final section provides an expanded review on the pharmacotherapy of ADHD and the appropriate methods for selection of specific drugs for individual patients based on drug kinetics and gene expression. David Gozal, MD Dennis L. Molfese, PhD vii CONTENTS Dedication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii Contributors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi 1 Historical Aspects of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Roscoe A. Dykman 2 Scanning the Genome for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Author: Minh N. Nguyen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 182
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Book Description
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with onset usually occurring in childhood and adolescence. During these developmental stages, social interactions and external environments can have significant impact on children’s growth and development. Few studies previously used a theoretical model to examine the effects of social and external environments on ADHD. The goal of this dissertation is to apply an ecological perspective to examine the roles of school and community in the development of childhood ADHD through school engagement and physical activity. Three studies were implemented to carry out this goal. Study 1 examined the associations of neighborhood, school, and family characteristics with school engagement. Study 2 assessed the associations between school engagement and ADHD. Finally, study 3 examined the relationship between neighborhood factors and physical activity in children with and without ADHD. We used data on 65,680 children aged 6 to 17 years from the 2011-2012 National Survey of Children’s Health (NSCH). Results indicated that pediatric ADHD diagnosis and symptoms can be influenced by family, school, and community characteristics. Findings from studies 1 and 2 demonstrated that school engagement, family factors (socioeconomic status (SES) and adverse childhood experiences (ACE)), and community characteristics (safety and amenities) are associated with ADHD diagnosis either directly or indirectly. Meanwhile, study 3 results showed that environmental characteristics (safety, social support, and access to physical activity resources) are related to physical activity only in children without ADHD. Further research is needed to understand the levels and factors associated with physical activity in children with ADHD. Overall, our results suggested that school and community factors should be examined as potential protective pathways against ADHD in children.
Author: Tobias Banaschewski
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0198739257
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 473
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Book Description
Oxford Textbook of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is an authoritative, multi-disciplinary text covering the diagnosis, assessment and management of patients with ADHD.
Author: Houghton Mifflin Company
Publisher: Wentworth Press
ISBN: 9781010370277
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 132
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Book Description
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Author: Terry McMorris
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128011483
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 508
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Book Description
Exercise-Cognition Interaction: Neuroscience Perspectives is the only book on the market that examines the neuroscientific correlation between exercise and cognitive functioning. The upsurge in research in recent years has confirmed that cognitive-psychology theory cannot account for the effects of exercise on cognition, and both acute and chronic exercise effect neurochemical and psychophysiological changes in the brain that, in turn, affect cognitive functioning. This book provides an overview of the research into these effects, from theoretical research through current studies that emphasize neuroscientific theories and rationales. It addition, users will find a thorough examination of the effects of exercise interventions on cognitive functioning in special populations, including the elderly, children, and those suffering from a variety of diseases, including schizophrenia, diabetes, and an array of neurological disorders. With contributions from leading researchers in the field, this book will be the go-to resource for neuroscientists, psychologists, medical professionals, and other researchers who need an understanding of the role exercise plays in cognitive functioning. Provides a comprehensive account of how exercise affects brain functioning, which in turn affects cognition Covers both theory and empirical research Presents a thorough examination of the effects of exercise interventions on cognitive functioning in special populations, including the elderly, children, and those suffering from a variety of diseases Examines neurochemical, psychophysiological, and genetic factors Covers acute and chronic exercise
Author: Russell A. Barkley
Publisher: Guilford Publication
ISBN: 9781572303010
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 133
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Book Description
This 8.5 x 11 comb-bound workbook provides a master set of the assessment and treatment forms, questionnaires, and handouts recommended by Barkley in Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder:A Handbook for Diagnosis and Treatment, Second Edition. Formatted for easy photocopying, many of these materials are available from no other source. All child and adult interview forms and rating scales have been completely revised for DSM-IV and new norms for many of the scales have been provided. Also included are a fact sheet for parents and teachers of children with ADHD, as well as ADHD-diagnosed adults; daily school report cards for monitoring academic progress; and more.
Author: Joseph C. LaManna
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1441977562
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 371
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Book Description
This book covers all aspects of oxygen delivery to tissue, including blood flow and its regulation as well as oxygen metabolism. Special attention will be paid to methods of oxygen measurement in living tissue and application of these technologies to understanding physiological and biochemical basis for pathology related to tissue oxygenation. This book is multidisciplinary and designed to bring together experts and students from a range of research fields including biochemical engineering, physiology, microcirculation, and hematology.
Author: Natasha Alohilani Emmerson
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781124229706
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 182
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Book Description
Physical exercise has been suggested to be beneficial in managing the symptoms of ADHD because its physiological effects influence the same catecholaminergic systems that stimulant medications target to improve attention, self-regulation, and moods, areas that are often problematic for individuals with ADHD. In a multimethodological approach using electronic diaries (eDiaries), this study is the first to examine child-reported patterns of daily eDiary physical activity (PA-D) in youth with and without ADHD, as well as temporal associations between children's PA-D and their behavior problems and moods. Across one week, mothers and their children (ages 8-12 years; 51 with ADHD and 58 comparison peers) independently completed eDiaries every 30 minutes during nonschool hours. Mothers and children also completed baseline psychosocial questionnaires, and mothers provided twice-daily summary eDiary ratings of children's behaviors, moods, and quality of morning and afternoon/evening periods. Children's sports activity profiles were also examined separately, and in relation to their self-perceptions. Contrary to expectations, children's PA-D appeared to have a greater positive impact on the contemporaneous problematic behaviors and moods of comparison children than children with ADHD. In partial support of hypotheses, daily PA-D had positive effects on the quality of afternoon/evening family time for children with ADHD, whereas PA-D was positively associated with comparison children's overall quality of afternoons/evenings in general. In addition, higher rates of PA-D from the previous day predicted lower rates of hyperactivity/impulsivity in only the ADHD group the following morning. As expected, children with ADHD participated in fewer team sports than comparison peers, yet there was no group difference in team sports abilities, as rated by mothers. Time spent in sports was positively linked to children's self-perceptions of athletic competence, although the number of and overall time in sports were not associated with global perceptions of self-worth. Results suggest that physical activity may improve problematic behaviors, moods, and family interactions for some children, both with and without ADHD. Introducing children to sports that draw on their strengths while promoting positive physical activity experiences and improved athletic competencies, especially those involving social interactions, may be a useful nonpharmacological adjuvant treatment for children with ADHD.
Author: Gary R. Lewin
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642451063
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 514
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Book Description
This book provides critical reviews of the role of neurotrophins and their receptors in a wide variety of diseases including neurodegenerative diseases like Huntington’s syndrome, cognitive function, psychiatric disorders such as clinical depression, Rett syndrome, motoneurone disease, spinal cord injury, pain, metabolic disease and cardiovascular disease. It also contains contributions from leaders in the field dealing with the basic biology, transcriptional and post-translational regulation of the neurotrophins and their receptors. The present book will review all recent areas of progress in the study of neurotrophins and their biological roles.
