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ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 96
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Book Description
Little is known about the capabilities and performance of ground source heat pumps (GSHP), which are machines that remove heat from the ground or groundwater to provide heat at temperatures suitable for space heating and/or hot water heating. The principal advantage of a GSHP is that it delivers 2-1/2 to 3 times more energy to the heated space than what is consumed by its electrically-driven compressor and associated equipment. GSHPs were installed in 27 homes and were monitored, beginning with the 1987 heating season, to determine the feasible residential conservation potential which should result in lowering the system load demand. The monthly energy load profiles of each of these homes and their average thermal and GSHP loads were then calculated. This report covers 1988 heating season data.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 96
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Book Description
Little is known about the capabilities and performance of ground source heat pumps (GSHP), which are machines that remove heat from the ground or groundwater to provide heat at temperatures suitable for space heating and/or hot water heating. The principal advantage of a GSHP is that it delivers 2-1/2 to 3 times more energy to the heated space than what is consumed by its electrically-driven compressor and associated equipment. GSHPs were installed in 27 homes and were monitored, beginning with the 1987 heating season, to determine the feasible residential conservation potential which should result in lowering the system load demand. The monthly energy load profiles of each of these homes and their average thermal and GSHP loads were then calculated. This report covers 1988 heating season data.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 37
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Book Description
The performance of residential geothermal heat pumps (GHPs) was assessed by comparing heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system and whole house energy use of GHP houses and control houses. Actual energy savings were calculated and compared to expected savings (based on ARI ratings and literature) and predicted savings (based on coefficient of performance - COP - measurements). Differences between GHP and control houses were normalized for heating degree days and floor area or total insulation value. Predicted savings were consistently slightly below expected savings but within the range of performance cited by the industry. Average rated COP was 3.4. Average measured COP was 3.1. Actual savings were inconsistent and sometimes significantly below predicted savings. No correlation was found between actual savings and actual energy use. This suggests that factors such as insulation and occupant behavior probably have greater impact on energy use than type of HVAC equipment. There was also no clear correlation between climate and actual savings or between climate and actual energy use. There was a trend between GHP installation date and savings. Newer units appear to have lower savings than some of the older units which is opposite of what one would expect given the increase in rated efficiencies of GHPs. There are a number of explanations for why actual savings are repeatedly below rated savings or predicted savings. Poor ground loop sizing or installation procedures could be an issue. Given that performance is good compared to ASHPs but poor compared to electric resistance homes, the shortfall in savings could be due to duct leakage. The takeback effect could also be a reason for lower than expected savings. Occupants of heat pump homes are likely to heat more rooms and to use more air-conditioning than occupants of electric resistance homes. 10 refs., 17 figs., 10 tabs.
Author: Patronen, Jenni
Publisher: Nordic Council of Ministers
ISBN: 9289349921
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 113
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Book Description
According to the EU Commission, the heating and cooling sector must sharply reduce its energy consumption and cut its use of fossil fuel in order to meet the EU's climate and energy goals. In the Nordic countries, a lot of effort has already been put to make heat production and consumption energy efficient and to decrease the emissions. To disseminate these experiences and good practices wider in Europe, and to identify further needs for co-operation, this study attempts to identify the common approaches of the Nordic countries towards the EU’s heating and cooling strategy and Winter Package regulation. This report describes the results of the work based on Pöyry’s analysis of the current heating and cooling sector practices and regulation in the Nordic countries, and interviews of the regulators and energy industry representatives from each country.
Author: Simon Rees
Publisher: Woodhead Publishing
ISBN: 0081003226
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 484
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Book Description
Advances in Ground-Source Heat Pump Systems relates the latest information on source heat pumps (GSHPs), the types of heating and/or cooling systems that transfer heat from, or to, the ground, or, less commonly, a body of water. As one of the fastest growing renewable energy technologies, they are amongst the most energy efficient systems for space heating, cooling, and hot water production, with significant potential for a reduction in building carbon emissions. The book provides an authoritative overview of developments in closed loop GSHP systems, surface water, open loop systems, and related thermal energy storage systems, addressing the different technologies and component methods of analysis and optimization, among other subjects. Chapters on building integration and hybrid systems complete the volume. Provides the geological aspects and building integration covered together in one convenient volume Includes chapters on hybrid systems Presents carefully selected chapters that cover areas in which there is significant ongoing research Addresses geothermal heat pumps in both heating and cooling modes
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Heat pumps
Languages : en
Pages : 194
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Book Description
"The NRECA/EPRI End-Use Technology Assessment Project (EUTAP) is a residential load metering project designed to develop load profiles and transferable models for end uses important to electric cooperatives around the country. The EUTAP consists of two independent end-use monitoring studies: (1) the Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) Study, undertaken with the cooperation of the East Kentucky Power Cooperative and Buckeye Power; and (2) the Good Cents Homes Study, undertaken with the cooperation of the Alabama Electric Cooperative. The objective of the first study is to develop a model of usage patterns for the emerging technology of ground source heat pumps. The second EUTAP study has as its objective investigation of the properties of "Good Cents Homes." The Good Cents Homes Program has been an important demand-side program for many cooperatives. This report presents results of analyses in both studies. The results include end-use load profiles for space conditioning and water heating, and estimates of the energy and peak savings from Good Cents Homes. A transferable GSHP model developed as part of the EUTAP is also described."
Author:
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ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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In this paper we present measured performance and efficiency metrics of Ground Source Heat Pumps (GSHPs) for space conditioning and for water heating connected to a horizontal ground heat exchanger (GHX) loop. The units were installed in a 345m2 (3700ft2) high-efficiency test house built with structural insulated panels (SIPs), operated under simulated occupancy conditions, and located in Oak Ridge, Tennessee (USA) in US Climate Zone 4 . The paper describes distinctive features of the building envelope, ground loop, and equipment, and provides detailed monthly performance of the GSHP system. Space conditioning needs of the house were completely satisfied by a nominal 2-ton (7.0 kW) water-to-air GSHP (WA-GSHP) unit with almost no auxiliary heat usage. Recommendations for further improvement through engineering design changes are identified. The comprehensive set of data and analyses demonstrate the feasibility and practicality of GSHPs in residential applications and their potential to help achieve source energy and greenhouse gas emission reduction targets set under the IECC 2012 Standard.
Author: Stephen P. Kavanaugh
Publisher: Amer Society of Heating
ISBN: 9781883413521
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 167
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Book Description
Author: Daniel N. Vichorek
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Heat pumps
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 49
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Book Description
Building America research team Consortium for Advanced Residential Buildings (CARB) partnered with WPPI Energy to answer key research questions on in-field performance of ground-source heat pumps and lighting, appliance, and miscellaneous loads (LAMELs) through extensive field monitoring at two WPPI GreenMax demonstration homes in Wisconsin. These two test home evaluations provided valuable data on the true in-field performance of various building mechanical systems and LAMELs.
Author: Robbin Garber-Slaght
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Ground source heat pump systems
Languages : en
Pages : 152
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Book Description
Ground source heat pumps (GSHPs) can be an efficient heating and cooling system in much of the world. However, their ability to work in extreme cold climates is not well studied. In a heating-dominated cold climate, the heat extracted from the soil is not actively replaced in the summer because there is very little space cooling. A ground source heat pump was installed at the Cold Climate Housing Research Center (CCHRC) in Fairbanks, Alaska with the intent to collect data on its performance and effects on the soil for at least ten years. Analysis shows GSHPs are viable in the Fairbanks climate; however, their performance may degrade over time. According to two previous finite element models, the CCHRC heat pump seems to reach equilibrium in the soil at a COP of about 2.5 in five to seven years. Data from the first four heating seasons of the ground source heat pump at CCHRC is evaluated. The efficiency of the heat pump degraded from an average coefficient of performance (COP) of 3.7 to a mediocre 2.8 over the first four heating seasons. Nanofluids are potential heat transfer fluids that could be used to enhance the heat transfer in the ground heat exchanger. Improved heat transfer could lower installation costs by making the ground heat exchanger smaller. A theoretical analysis of adding nanoparticles to the fluid in the ground heat exchanger is conducted. Two nanofluids are evaluated to verify improved heat transfer and potential performance of the heat pump system. Data from the CCHRC heat pump system has also been used to analyze a 2-dimensional finite element model of the system's interaction with the soil. A model based on the first four years of data is developed using Temp/W software evaluates the ground heat exchanger for a thirty-year period. This model finds that the ground heat exchanger does not lower the ground temperature in the long term.
