Assessment of Surfactant-Enhanced Bioremediation of Soils Containing Strongly Sorbing Hydrocarbons PDF Download
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Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Biodegradation of phenanthrene was studied in soil slurry reactors in the presence and absence of a surfactant solution. Results showed that the presence of surfactants slowed the initial biodegradation rate of phenanthrene, but increased the total mass of phenanthrene degraded over a four day period by 30%. A mathematical model was developed to simulate the dynamics of the biodegradation of low solubility hydrocarbons in the presence of soils and surfactants. Processes such as the desorption kinetics of the hydrocarbon from soil, the sorption of the surfactant onto soil and its effect on the sorption of the hydrocarbon, and the bioavailability of the hydrocarbon in different phases of the system are included in the model formulation. The experimental results were measured independently. The model was used to investigate the effect on the overall biodegradation of phenanthrene due to different operating conditions. simulation results showed that there is a system-specific optimum surfactant concentration, above which bioremediation is hindered.
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Languages : en
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Biodegradation of phenanthrene was studied in soil slurry reactors in the presence and absence of a surfactant solution. Results showed that the presence of surfactants slowed the initial biodegradation rate of phenanthrene, but increased the total mass of phenanthrene degraded over a four day period by 30%. A mathematical model was developed to simulate the dynamics of the biodegradation of low solubility hydrocarbons in the presence of soils and surfactants. Processes such as the desorption kinetics of the hydrocarbon from soil, the sorption of the surfactant onto soil and its effect on the sorption of the hydrocarbon, and the bioavailability of the hydrocarbon in different phases of the system are included in the model formulation. The experimental results were measured independently. The model was used to investigate the effect on the overall biodegradation of phenanthrene due to different operating conditions. simulation results showed that there is a system-specific optimum surfactant concentration, above which bioremediation is hindered.
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Languages : en
Pages : 62
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Low-solubility Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons such as phenanthrene are easily biodegradable but due to sorption onto soil or/or their presence in a non-aqueous phase, their bioavailability is greatly reduced. In an aqueous environment where surfactants exist above their critical micelle concentration hydrophobic contaminant will partitioning into the hydrophobic core of the micelle. This enhances the apparent solubility of these hydrocarbons and therefore also their desorption from soils. Conceivably, in the absence of any inhibitory effects, such surfactants may enhance the biodegradation of the hydrocarbon. Through a set of screening experiments a group of non-ionic surfactants were identified which do not inhibit the bacterial degradation of the phenanthrene. A mathematical model was formulated to describe the interaction of the biomass-contaminant-water-surfactant system. The model assumes that the surfactant affects the solubility of phenanthrene and does not affect the biochemical characteristics of the biomass. An effective bioavailable concentration was defined. The model predicts experimental data well indicating that a part of the phenanthrene in the micelle phase can be degraded simultaneously with the phenanthrene in the aqueous phase. (jg) p.2.
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Languages : en
Pages : 42
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Slightly soluble, high molecular weight chemicals and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH), are common pollutants of concern in the remediation of oil spill sites. Low volatility, coupled with hydrophobic characteristics, make them more persistent in nature. In-place biological transformation is believed to be the most effective process for their removal. The hydrophobic nature of the contaminants results in a partition onto the soil matrix. In most cases this can account for 95-99% of the total contaminant mass. This limits the biological transformation by reducing the soluble concentration, therby, making them unavailable on the microbial population. Thus a well-designed bioremodiation process should consider a way of mobilizing the contaminants from the soil surface to make them available to the microbial population. Surfactants have been found to be effective in mobilizing hydrophobic contaminants from soil surface. Mobilization of contaminants by surfactants depends on the surfactant- soil-contaminant interactions. Edwards et al., (1991) developed a model for the prediction of the mobilization of low solubility organic contaminants by surfactants in soils.
Author: Paul Kostecki
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 9788122412048
Category : Oil pollution of soils
Languages : en
Pages : 414
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Book Description
Paul T. Kostecki, Associate Director, Northeast Regional Environment Public Health Center, School Of Public Health, University Of Massachusetts At Amherst, Received His Ph.D. From The School Of Natural Resources At The University Of Michigan In 1 980. He Has Been Involved With Human And Ecological Risk Assessment And Risk Management Research For The Last 12 Years. Dr. Kostecki Has Co-Authored And Co-Edited Over 50 Articles And 16 Books On Environmental Assessment And Cleanup Including: Remedial Technologies For Leaking Underground Storage Tanks, Soils Contaminated By Petroleum Products; Petroleum Contaminated Soils, Vols. 1 To 3: Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soils And Groundwater, Vols. 1 To 4; Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soils, Vols. 1 To 5; Principles And Practices For Diesel Contaminated Soils, Vols. 1 To 5; Sesoil In Environmental Fate And Risk Modeling, Contaminated Soils, Vol. 1 And Risk Assessment And Environmental Fate Methodologies.Dr. Kostecki Also Serves As Associate Editor For The Journal Of Soil Contamination, Chairman Of The Scientific Advisory Board For Soil And Groundwater Cleanup Magazine As Well As An Editorial Board Member For The Journal Of Human And Ecological Risk Assessment.In A Addition. Dr. Kostecki Serves As Executive Director For The Association For The Environmental Health Of Soils (Aehs) And Was The Scientific Advisor For The Workshop On Assessment And Remediation Of Oil Contaminated Soils Held In Kuwait 18-22 March 1995.Dr. Manaf Behbehani Obtained His B.S. In Biology From The University Of Akron, Usa (1969) And M.S. In Zoology From The Same University (1972). He Continued His Graduate Studies At The University Of New Hampshire Receiving Ph.D. In Marine Ecology And Invertebrates In 1978. Since Then, He Has Been Teaching Ecology And Marine Biology Courses At The Faculty Of Science, Kuwait University. From 1 982-1987, He Held The Post Of Marine Scientist At The Regional Organisation For The Protection Of The Marine Environment (Ropme) In Kuwait. Dr. Behbehani Has Worked On A Number Of Pioneering Research Projects, Namely To Study The Zooplankton Of Kuwaiti Waters And The Western Section Of The Arabian Gulf, And To Study The Distribution, Abundance And Taxonomy Of Marine Invertebrates Living In The Intertidal Zones Of Kuwait. He Has Published Several Scientific Articles And Has Served As External Examiner For Several Masters Thesis. From 1991-1995, Dr. Behbehani Was Vice-Dean For Planning And Laboratories At The Faculty Of Science, Kuwait University And Is Presently Chairman Of The National Biodiversity Committee, State Of Kuwait. He Was The Chairman Of The Scientific Committee For The Workshop On Assessment And Remediation Of Oil Contaminated Soils, The Proceedings Of Which Are Published In This Book.
Author: Stephanie Fiorenza
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000158004
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 196
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Book Description
Interest in phytoremediation as a solution for contaminants in groundwater and soil has exploded. The project documented in Phytoremediation of Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soils presents innovative technology for environmental clean up using in situ treatment. It describes the results of a field study focusing on hydrocarbon contamination, especially polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, in surface and near surface soils. The field demonstration used soils contaminated with aged diesel fuels. The random block design enabled the investigators to test the statistical difference in the effects of different vegetated and unvegetated treatments. They tested the degradation of diesel and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon components in plots containing three different vegetation treatments, two grasses and a legume, and a non-vegetated control. Part one of the monograph gives a complete and thorough account of the results of the field study. Part two covers the design and potential costs of a full-scale implementation of the demonstration system as well as the performance and potential application of the new technology. Phytoremediation of Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soils supplies quantitative results about the use of vegetation in soil remediation. The information given on the niches and limitations of the technologies allows for a more informed selection of remedial solutions for environmental cleanup.
Author: Faramarz Jalali
Publisher:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Soils that are co-contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons and metals account for 55% of all hazardous waste sites and are hard to decontaminate because of the different nature of the remedial treatment required. Biosurfactant-producing microorganisms are present in many environments and can be stimulated to produce them under favorable conditions. This dissertation investigates the effect of biosurfactant production by indigenous microorganisms of a co-contaminated soil. A soil that was heavily contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons and metals was acquired from the Toronto Harbour area. Phase one of the study evaluated the extent of the biodegradation of organic pollutants as well as the feasibility of biosurfactant production by the produced microorganisms. Results show that by the end of the experiment (50 days) batches amended with nutrients produced biosurfactants up to 3 times their critical micelle concentration (CMC). The produced surfactants caused the concentration of TPH and metals in the filtrate to increase from 2 to 8% and from 2 to 4%, respectively. In the phase two of the experiments the production of biosurfactants was enhanced by 40% by limiting the inorganic source of nitrogen in the batches, following a short growth phase. The produced biosurfactants were able to wash 10% of TPH and 6% of the metal content of the soil. The results indicate that biosurfactants can be produced by the indigenous soil microorganisms using organic contaminants as the sole carbon source. Furthermore, the produced biosurfactants showed potential to enhance biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons as well as to improve flushing of the remaining soil pollutant from soil.
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Publisher:
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Category : Hazardous waste site remediation
Languages : en
Pages : 36
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Author: Eve Riser-Roberts
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9781420050578
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 580
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This book combines the results of current research with essential background material to provide complete, in-depth coverage of every aspect of in situ and ex situ bioremediation, as well as an extensive overview of the physical and chemical processes currently available for treating petroleum-contaminated soils. Critical information has been collected and assembled under one cover to provide a convenient reference for anyone who must contend with this worldwide problem. Remediation of Petroleum Contaminated Soils: Biological, Physical, and Chemical Processes describes how to optimize the biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in soil-water systems. It reports on the susceptibility of various petroleum components to biodegradation by microorganisms, and considers all groups of microorganisms for their potential contributions. The book also deals with problem areas such as the transport of organisms, oxygen, or nutrients throughout the subsurface, as well as biodegradation of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPLs). In addition, the book presents a variety of methods for monitoring bioremediation. This reference discusses current soil remediation processes and includes many innovative approaches. It also investigates means of controlling volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and leachate, and addresses methods for collecting and treating these secondary waste streams. The expansive coverage of this book will furnish readers with a wide range of options for developing treatment strategies and for customizing procedures for specific requirements.
Author: Edward J. Calabrese
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Diesel fuels
Languages : en
Pages : 778
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Author: Ajay Singh
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 354089621X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 365
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Book Description
Bioremediation is a rapidly advancing field and the technology has been applied successfully to remediate many contaminated sites. The goal of every soil remediation method is to enhance the degradation, transformation, or detoxification of pollutants and to protect, maintain and sustain environmental quality. Advances in our understanding of the ecology of microbial communities capable of breaking down various pollutants and the molecular and biochemical mechanisms by which biodegradation occurs have helped us in developing practical soil bioremediation strategies. Chapters dealing with the application of biological methods to soil remediation are contributed from experts – authorities in the area of environmental science including microbiology and molecular biology – from academic institutions and industry.
