Author: Insoo Joo
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 198
Book Description
The bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in coal-tar contaminated soils plays an important role in determining the risk of these compounds to the environment and humans. Developing an understanding of organic compounds bioavailability will assist in improving risk assessment and developing bioremediation strategies. In the first part of study, the degradation of 16 EPA priority PAHs in soil slurry reactors were investigated along with the change in microbial population. Using DAPI-stained organisms, maximum microbial populations were found to correspond with the depletion of 2- and 3-ring PAHs. Degradation of PAHs was sequential with the 2- and 3-ring PAHs degrading first, followed by the 4- and 5-ring PAHs. There was negligible degradation of 6-ring PAHs. The Modified Gompertz equation, an empirical model, was used to estimate the lag phase, degradation rate, and maximum degraded fraction of individual PAHs. The Monod equation was also applied but did not model the experimental data well especially the change in microorganism population. In the second part of study, several chemical methods were performed to assess the bioavailability of PAHs in three coal-tar contaminated soils from former manufactured gas plant (FMGP) sites. The methods tested were hydroxypropyl-[beta]-cyclodextrin (HPCD), persulfate oxidation, acetone-water mixture extraction, butanol extraction, and solid phase extraction using XAD-2. Residual PAHs in each soil following extraction were compared with the PAHs remaining after biodegradation in soil slurry reactors. Of the five methods tested, the XAD-2 desorption method was determined to the best method for predicting the bioavailability in coal-tar contaminated soils.
Assessment of Bioavailability of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) in Coal-tar Contaminated Soils
Author: Insoo Joo
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 198
Book Description
The bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in coal-tar contaminated soils plays an important role in determining the risk of these compounds to the environment and humans. Developing an understanding of organic compounds bioavailability will assist in improving risk assessment and developing bioremediation strategies. In the first part of study, the degradation of 16 EPA priority PAHs in soil slurry reactors were investigated along with the change in microbial population. Using DAPI-stained organisms, maximum microbial populations were found to correspond with the depletion of 2- and 3-ring PAHs. Degradation of PAHs was sequential with the 2- and 3-ring PAHs degrading first, followed by the 4- and 5-ring PAHs. There was negligible degradation of 6-ring PAHs. The Modified Gompertz equation, an empirical model, was used to estimate the lag phase, degradation rate, and maximum degraded fraction of individual PAHs. The Monod equation was also applied but did not model the experimental data well especially the change in microorganism population. In the second part of study, several chemical methods were performed to assess the bioavailability of PAHs in three coal-tar contaminated soils from former manufactured gas plant (FMGP) sites. The methods tested were hydroxypropyl-[beta]-cyclodextrin (HPCD), persulfate oxidation, acetone-water mixture extraction, butanol extraction, and solid phase extraction using XAD-2. Residual PAHs in each soil following extraction were compared with the PAHs remaining after biodegradation in soil slurry reactors. Of the five methods tested, the XAD-2 desorption method was determined to the best method for predicting the bioavailability in coal-tar contaminated soils.
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 198
Book Description
The bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in coal-tar contaminated soils plays an important role in determining the risk of these compounds to the environment and humans. Developing an understanding of organic compounds bioavailability will assist in improving risk assessment and developing bioremediation strategies. In the first part of study, the degradation of 16 EPA priority PAHs in soil slurry reactors were investigated along with the change in microbial population. Using DAPI-stained organisms, maximum microbial populations were found to correspond with the depletion of 2- and 3-ring PAHs. Degradation of PAHs was sequential with the 2- and 3-ring PAHs degrading first, followed by the 4- and 5-ring PAHs. There was negligible degradation of 6-ring PAHs. The Modified Gompertz equation, an empirical model, was used to estimate the lag phase, degradation rate, and maximum degraded fraction of individual PAHs. The Monod equation was also applied but did not model the experimental data well especially the change in microorganism population. In the second part of study, several chemical methods were performed to assess the bioavailability of PAHs in three coal-tar contaminated soils from former manufactured gas plant (FMGP) sites. The methods tested were hydroxypropyl-[beta]-cyclodextrin (HPCD), persulfate oxidation, acetone-water mixture extraction, butanol extraction, and solid phase extraction using XAD-2. Residual PAHs in each soil following extraction were compared with the PAHs remaining after biodegradation in soil slurry reactors. Of the five methods tested, the XAD-2 desorption method was determined to the best method for predicting the bioavailability in coal-tar contaminated soils.
Toxicological Profile for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Languages : en
Pages : 500
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Languages : en
Pages : 500
Book Description
Bioavailability of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soils
Author: Brian John Reid
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Bioavailability in Contaminated Soils and Sediments
Author: Joseph Paul Kreitinger
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 350
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 350
Book Description
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Released from a Coal Tar-contaminated Gravelly Soil Under Laboratory and Natural Conditions
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
This study investigates the release mechanisms and kinetics of PAH, DOC, and colloids/particles from a NAPL-contaminated gravelly soil with dialysis experiments, column outflow experiments in the laboratory and with free-drainage lysimeters under natural conditions. Results showed low release rates, long times of equilibration and a rate-limited release of PAH (0.7 æm) and DOC. Under natural conditions, extended no-flow periods and freezing events induced the export of PAH. The high mechanical strain within the PAH source materials followed by high intensity rain or snowmelt events resulted in high amounts of particle-associated PAH (0.7 æm) released from the lysimeters. PAH export is coupled to the formation and mobility of colloids and (NAPL- ) particles. The release and transport process of particle-associated PAH should be more thoroughly considered in risk assessment at contaminated sites.
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
This study investigates the release mechanisms and kinetics of PAH, DOC, and colloids/particles from a NAPL-contaminated gravelly soil with dialysis experiments, column outflow experiments in the laboratory and with free-drainage lysimeters under natural conditions. Results showed low release rates, long times of equilibration and a rate-limited release of PAH (0.7 æm) and DOC. Under natural conditions, extended no-flow periods and freezing events induced the export of PAH. The high mechanical strain within the PAH source materials followed by high intensity rain or snowmelt events resulted in high amounts of particle-associated PAH (0.7 æm) released from the lysimeters. PAH export is coupled to the formation and mobility of colloids and (NAPL- ) particles. The release and transport process of particle-associated PAH should be more thoroughly considered in risk assessment at contaminated sites.
WHO Guidelines for Indoor Air Quality
Author:
Publisher: World Health Organization
ISBN:
Category : House & Home
Languages : en
Pages : 488
Book Description
This book presents WHO guidelines for the protection of public health from risks due to a number of chemicals commonly present in indoor air. The substances considered in this review, i.e. benzene, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, naphthalene, nitrogen dioxide, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (especially benzo[a]pyrene), radon, trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene, have indoor sources, are known in respect of their hazardousness to health and are often found indoors in concentrations of health concern. The guidelines are targeted at public health professionals involved in preventing health risks of environmental exposures, as well as specialists and authorities involved in the design and use of buildings, indoor materials and products. They provide a scientific basis for legally enforceable standards.
Publisher: World Health Organization
ISBN:
Category : House & Home
Languages : en
Pages : 488
Book Description
This book presents WHO guidelines for the protection of public health from risks due to a number of chemicals commonly present in indoor air. The substances considered in this review, i.e. benzene, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, naphthalene, nitrogen dioxide, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (especially benzo[a]pyrene), radon, trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene, have indoor sources, are known in respect of their hazardousness to health and are often found indoors in concentrations of health concern. The guidelines are targeted at public health professionals involved in preventing health risks of environmental exposures, as well as specialists and authorities involved in the design and use of buildings, indoor materials and products. They provide a scientific basis for legally enforceable standards.
Measuring and Reducing Bioavailability of PAHs in Soils
Author: Huan Xia
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 500
Book Description
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of organic contaminants that are widely distributed in soils. Some PAHs are potent human carcinogens. When released into soils, PAHs are often emitted within a certain source matrix (e.g. soot, coal tar or oils). In addition to the diversity of the PAH source matrix, soils are also very heterogeneous mixtures containing many different components, such as sand, clay, organic matter and black carbon which can have varying capacity and affinity for sorbing hydrophobic organic contaminants. Together, these different matrices in soil control the PAH bioavailability to receptors such as soil invertebrates and human beings via various exposure pathways. In terms of soil remediation, numerous recent studies have demonstrated the prominent effectiveness of condensed, black carbon particles, such as biochar or activated carbon (AC), in reducing the bioavailability of hydrophobic contaminants in ecological receptors.
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 500
Book Description
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of organic contaminants that are widely distributed in soils. Some PAHs are potent human carcinogens. When released into soils, PAHs are often emitted within a certain source matrix (e.g. soot, coal tar or oils). In addition to the diversity of the PAH source matrix, soils are also very heterogeneous mixtures containing many different components, such as sand, clay, organic matter and black carbon which can have varying capacity and affinity for sorbing hydrophobic organic contaminants. Together, these different matrices in soil control the PAH bioavailability to receptors such as soil invertebrates and human beings via various exposure pathways. In terms of soil remediation, numerous recent studies have demonstrated the prominent effectiveness of condensed, black carbon particles, such as biochar or activated carbon (AC), in reducing the bioavailability of hydrophobic contaminants in ecological receptors.
A Study of the Effects of Nonaqueous Phase Liquits (NAPLs) on the Bioavailability of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (Pahs) to Worms and Bacteria
Author: Antonio Quin̋ones-Rivera
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 356
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 356
Book Description
Bioavailability of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Soils
Author: Luchun Duan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Soil bioventing
Languages : en
Pages : 346
Book Description
The fate and distribution of contaminants in soil are controlled by their bioavailability which is of great importance to human and ecological health risk assessments. Risk assessments based on total contaminant loading that assumes 100% bioavailability in soils may overestimate exposure resulting in unnecessarily low remediation goals. Such remediation goals may be neither technically or economically feasible.
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Soil bioventing
Languages : en
Pages : 346
Book Description
The fate and distribution of contaminants in soil are controlled by their bioavailability which is of great importance to human and ecological health risk assessments. Risk assessments based on total contaminant loading that assumes 100% bioavailability in soils may overestimate exposure resulting in unnecessarily low remediation goals. Such remediation goals may be neither technically or economically feasible.
Coal Tar Creosote
Author: C. Melber
Publisher: WHO
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 154
Book Description
On cover: IPCS International Programme on Chemical Safety. Published under the joint sponsorship of the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Labour Organization and the World Health Organization, and produced within the framework of the Inter-organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals (IOMC)
Publisher: WHO
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 154
Book Description
On cover: IPCS International Programme on Chemical Safety. Published under the joint sponsorship of the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Labour Organization and the World Health Organization, and produced within the framework of the Inter-organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals (IOMC)