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Author: Hiroshi Ohta
Publisher: Texas A&M University Press
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 272
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Book Description
Economic space is the distance that separates economic agents such as manufacturers and consumers. Distance naturally imposes costs on the economic agents, but it has long been a neglected element in orthodox economic theory, one thought to complicate the issue unnecessarily. However, the theoretical implications of assuming away spatial elements may be especially significant for pricing practices and hence for competition. This volume shows why and in what ways the concept of economic space is vital and thus needed to reform orthodox price theory. It negates the classical paradigm of perfect competition and calls for a spatial price theory of imperfect competition. Among Hiroshi Ohta's findings in spatial microeconomic theory are that unlimited entry of new firms into the market may not lower consumer prices and that increased labor productivity in a spatial economy may actually lower real wages. Researchers and students of economic geography and regional science and economics will find the author's careful analysis, equations, and illustrations valuable in understanding a decade of advances in spatial price theory and in exploring new theories of competition.
Author: Hiroshi Ohta
Publisher: Texas A&M University Press
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 272
Get Book Here
Book Description
Economic space is the distance that separates economic agents such as manufacturers and consumers. Distance naturally imposes costs on the economic agents, but it has long been a neglected element in orthodox economic theory, one thought to complicate the issue unnecessarily. However, the theoretical implications of assuming away spatial elements may be especially significant for pricing practices and hence for competition. This volume shows why and in what ways the concept of economic space is vital and thus needed to reform orthodox price theory. It negates the classical paradigm of perfect competition and calls for a spatial price theory of imperfect competition. Among Hiroshi Ohta's findings in spatial microeconomic theory are that unlimited entry of new firms into the market may not lower consumer prices and that increased labor productivity in a spatial economy may actually lower real wages. Researchers and students of economic geography and regional science and economics will find the author's careful analysis, equations, and illustrations valuable in understanding a decade of advances in spatial price theory and in exploring new theories of competition.
Author: Patrick T. Harker
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 364246548X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 288
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Book Description
The problem of predicting interregional commodity movements and the regional prices of these commodities has intrigued economists, geographers and operations researchers for years. In 1838, A. A. Cournot (1838) discussed the equilibrium of trade between New York and Paris and noted how the equilibrium prices depended upon the transport costs. Enke (1951) recognized that this problem of predicting interregional flows and regional prices could be formulated as a network problem, and in 1952, . Paul Samuelson (1952) used the then recent advances in mathe matical programming to formalize the spatial price equilibrium problem as a nonlinear optimization problem. From this formula tion, Takayama and Judge (1964) derived their quadratic program ming representation of the spatial price equilibrium problem, which they and other scholars then applied to a wide variety of problem contexts. Since these early beginnings, the spatial price equilibrium problem has been widely studied, extended and applied; the paper by Harker (1985) reviews many of these results. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in this problem, as evidenced by the numerous publications listed in Harker (1985). The reasons for this renewed interest are many. First, new applications of this concept have arisen which challenge the theoretical underpinnings of this model. The spatial price equilibrium concept is founded on the assumption of perfect or pure competition. The applications to energy markets, steel markets, etc. have led scholars to rethink the basic structure of this model.
Author: Mary E. Edwards
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1351551671
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 741
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Book Description
Thorough and authoritative, Regional and Urban Economics and Economic Development: Theory and Methods provides students with a sound approach to analyzing the economic progress of a region or urban area. The textbook is divided into four sections for ease of reference. The first section, Market Areas and Firm Location Analysis introduces spatial economics and location theory, while the next section, Regional Growth and Development analyzes regional growth and development models and policy. Introducing the foundations of urban economics, Urban Land Use and Urban Form examines land rent, land use patterns, and the effects of attempts to control land uses. The final section, Urban Problems and Policy, investigates local public finance and introduces the policy analysis involved in countering urban problems. Addressing these topics from the perspectives of how they affect the population at large and how they become established within public policy, Regional and Urban Economics and Economic Development: Theory and Methods provides students with an essential foundation not only to understand but also to contemplate the dynamics of varying economic factors as they relate to an area's growth.
Author: James Peoples
Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing
ISBN: 1780524692
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 332
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Book Description
Provokes the reader to think critically about the emergence of corporate styles of governance, management and leadership in higher education institutions (HEIs) and ways in which the demands of public management and the knowledge economy has shaped and re-shaped scholarly work and identity.
Author: Wayne Gray
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1351148664
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 556
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Book Description
There has been a recent explosion of research incorporating a spatial dimension in environmental and natural resource economics, where the spatial aspects of human behaviour or the natural environment make a crucial difference in the analysis and policy response to the problem. Much of this research has been driven by the growing availability of spatially explicit social science data and the development of tools and methodological advances to use these data. Collected in this volume are 24 key articles considering the reasons for spatial variation in policies, due to either efficiency or equity considerations, and the consequences of that spatial variation for both environmental and economic outcomes. These articles demonstrate that the failure to address spatial issues in the analysis can create two problems: (1) the analysis provides a poor basis for predicting actual behaviour that is specifically based upon spatial considerations, and (2) the analysis fails to provide a basis for designing spatially targeted policies that could lead to more efficient outcomes.
Author: William Warntz
Publisher: University of Pennsylvania Press
ISBN: 1512808113
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 120
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Book Description
Physical distance and time are considered basic dimensions not only of a physical system but of an economic system as well. Space, time, supply, and demand are, when interwoven into a pattern of analysis, a vitally important aspect of the American economic system viewed in a time-space continuum. This book presents the results of research into this theory of geographically influenced price ranges. With emphasis on the slowly recognized and slowly emerging concepts of space and time, the author surveys the development of thought in economics and the physical sciences, from Galileo's time onward, and points out that the end has not been reached: we are only beginning to grasp the significance of time and space relationships. This phase of research, which William Warntz calls "macrogeography", represents a distinct break with conventional microscopic descriptive aerial studies that have characterized geographic research in the United States for many years. This book is dedicated to the premise that there has long been a "fallacy of composition in American geography." Warntz feels that the existing notion that a mosaic of microscopic aerial economic studies covering the United States would produce a valid picture of the American economy as a space-occupying system will be overcome by the adoption of a macroscopic point of view and the recognition of distance as a basic dimension. A macroscopic geography, recognizing that an economic system exists in a space (time) continuum and consists of integrated units, coordinated by interdependence and having a functional consistency and an organize unity greater than the sum of its parts, is within the reach of modern economic geographers. Toward a Geography of Price is an important start in that direction. This particular study covers the United States production by states of four crops in the decade 1940-49. Using the geographic center of each of the forty-eight states, the author has worked out 2,304 distance relationships and, over the decade, 156 time relationships. In addition he has produced space potentials from income-weighted population figures. Using standard mathematical procedures, he puts these figures to the test and finds reason to advance his original hypothesis to theory. The entire study is presented with remarkable compactness and clarity that will hold the attention of geographers, economists, econometricians, and the serious reader interested in the economic phenomena of our day.
Author: L. Anselin
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401577994
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 295
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Book Description
Spatial econometrics deals with spatial dependence and spatial heterogeneity, critical aspects of the data used by regional scientists. These characteristics may cause standard econometric techniques to become inappropriate. In this book, I combine several recent research results to construct a comprehensive approach to the incorporation of spatial effects in econometrics. My primary focus is to demonstrate how these spatial effects can be considered as special cases of general frameworks in standard econometrics, and to outline how they necessitate a separate set of methods and techniques, encompassed within the field of spatial econometrics. My viewpoint differs from that taken in the discussion of spatial autocorrelation in spatial statistics - e.g., most recently by Cliff and Ord (1981) and Upton and Fingleton (1985) - in that I am mostly concerned with the relevance of spatial effects on model specification, estimation and other inference, in what I caIl a model-driven approach, as opposed to a data-driven approach in spatial statistics. I attempt to combine a rigorous econometric perspective with a comprehensive treatment of methodological issues in spatial analysis.
Author: Gunther Maier
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642493467
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 259
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Book Description
Two areas have fascinated me for a long time. One is the micro economic theory of consumer behavior, the other one the role of space in economic processes. Usually, the two don't go together very well. In more advanced versions of microeconomic consumer theory its economic actor may face uncertainty, have to allocate resources over time, or have to take into ac count the characteristics of products, but rarely deals with space. He/she inhabits a spaceless point economy. Regional Science, on the other hand, describes and analyzes the spatial structure and development of the econ omy, but either ignores individual decision making altogether or treats it in a rather simplistic way. In this book I try to bring together these two areas of interest of mine. I do this by use of the microeconomic concept of search and placing it in an explicit spatial context. The result, in my opinion, is a theoretical concept with fascinating implications, a broad set of potential implications, and numerous interesting research questions. After reading this book, where I layout the basic idea of spatial search, describe its elements, and discuss some of its implications, I hope the reader will share this opinion. There are still plenty of unanswered research questions in this part of economic theory. Hopefully, this book will stimulate more work along these lines.
Author: Martin K Luckert
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1136549781
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 282
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Book Description
Forests and woodlands provide an enormous range of goods and services to society, from timber and firewood to medicinal plants, watershed protection, destinations for tourists and sacred sites. Only when these are understood and valued can forests and their resources be properly managed and conserved. This work shows how the complicated network of benefits can be untangled and sets out the different approaches needed to value them. It covers the analysis of plant-based markets, non-market valuation and decision frameworks such as cost-benefit analysis.
Author: Triplett Jack
Publisher: OECD Publishing
ISBN: 9264028153
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 258
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Book Description
Price indexes can be constructed using a “hedonic method” that adjusts for changes in the quality of a product. This handbook sets out best practice for constructing hedonic indexes.
