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Author: Chen-Hanson Ting
Publisher: Independently Published
ISBN: 9781726868471
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 239
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Book Description
All these years, I have been looking for microcontroller platforms on which I can teach people how to program in the FORTH language. I designed a training course I called Firmware Engineering Workshop. I could train an open minded engineer to program in FORTH in about a week, with a reasonable capable platform, i.e., a microcontroller evaluation board with a FORTH operating system loaded. Good platforms are expansive, and low-cost platforms are inadequate. What I did was to grab any microcontroller board at hand and used it. It did not work well because what I taught could not be easily replicated by people at home. People got frustrated when they could not reproduce results I demonstrated. Then, I found the Arduino Uno Board. The microcontroller evaluation board I need must have a microcontroller with reasonable capabilities. An 8-bit microcontroller with a fast clock is adequate. 16-bit of 32-bit microcontrollers are of course much better. The board must have at least 8 KB of ROM memory and 1 KB of RAM memory. It must also have a USART port to communicate with a terminal emulator on a host PC. Any other I/O devices will be icings on the cake. The more the better. Arduino Uno has all of the components I listed above. It is also inexpensive, costing only $29. It uses ATmega328P, a very interesting microcontroller which has 32 KB of flash memory, enough to host a FORTH operating system, 2 KB of RAM and many I/O devices to build substantial applications. Arduino Uno also has a USB port which connects to a PC and an USART device in ATmega328P. This serial interface is necessary for a FORTH system so that you can run and program ATmega328P interactively from a terminal emulator on the PC - as the complete Forth is on the chip. Arduino Uno is a lovely machine. You connect it through a USB cable to your PC, and you can program it to do many interesting things. Its microcontroller ATmega328P, running at 16 MHz, is very capable of running many interesting applications. The template of a sketch, which is the software in Arduino 0022, captures the essence of firmware programming in casting user applications in two statements: setup() and loop(). It eliminates all the syntactic statements required by a normal C program and exposes to you only the core of an application. However, Arduino software insulates you from the intricate nature of ATmega328P microcontroller, its instruction set, and its I/O devices. Instead, you are given a library of useful routines which are used to build applications. The insulation initially helps you to program the microcontroller in a C-like high level programming language. However, being an 8 bit microcontroller, ATmega328P in C language will run out of gas when application demands performance. At this point, you will have to get down to the bare metal to push ATmega328P to its limit. Then, you have to learn its instruction set and all its I/O devices, and perhaps program it in assembly language. The best alternative approach is to program ATmega328P in the FORTH language. FORTH exposes ATmega328P to you. You can interactively examine its RAM memory, its flash memory, and all the I/O devices surrounding the CPU. You can incrementally add small pieces of code, and test them exhaustively. An interactive programming and debugging environment greatly accelerates program development, and ensures the quality of the program. Since 1990, I have been promoting a simple FORTH language model called eForth. This model consists of a kernel of 30 primitive FORTH commands which have to be implemented in machine instructions of a host microcontroller, and 190 compound FORTH commands constructed from the primitive commands and other compound commands. By isolating machine dependent commands from machine independent commands, the eForth model can be easily ported to many different microcontrollers. This model is ported to ATmega328P, and the result is the 328eForth system.
Author: Chen-Hanson Ting
Publisher: Independently Published
ISBN: 9781726868471
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 239
Get Book Here
Book Description
All these years, I have been looking for microcontroller platforms on which I can teach people how to program in the FORTH language. I designed a training course I called Firmware Engineering Workshop. I could train an open minded engineer to program in FORTH in about a week, with a reasonable capable platform, i.e., a microcontroller evaluation board with a FORTH operating system loaded. Good platforms are expansive, and low-cost platforms are inadequate. What I did was to grab any microcontroller board at hand and used it. It did not work well because what I taught could not be easily replicated by people at home. People got frustrated when they could not reproduce results I demonstrated. Then, I found the Arduino Uno Board. The microcontroller evaluation board I need must have a microcontroller with reasonable capabilities. An 8-bit microcontroller with a fast clock is adequate. 16-bit of 32-bit microcontrollers are of course much better. The board must have at least 8 KB of ROM memory and 1 KB of RAM memory. It must also have a USART port to communicate with a terminal emulator on a host PC. Any other I/O devices will be icings on the cake. The more the better. Arduino Uno has all of the components I listed above. It is also inexpensive, costing only $29. It uses ATmega328P, a very interesting microcontroller which has 32 KB of flash memory, enough to host a FORTH operating system, 2 KB of RAM and many I/O devices to build substantial applications. Arduino Uno also has a USB port which connects to a PC and an USART device in ATmega328P. This serial interface is necessary for a FORTH system so that you can run and program ATmega328P interactively from a terminal emulator on the PC - as the complete Forth is on the chip. Arduino Uno is a lovely machine. You connect it through a USB cable to your PC, and you can program it to do many interesting things. Its microcontroller ATmega328P, running at 16 MHz, is very capable of running many interesting applications. The template of a sketch, which is the software in Arduino 0022, captures the essence of firmware programming in casting user applications in two statements: setup() and loop(). It eliminates all the syntactic statements required by a normal C program and exposes to you only the core of an application. However, Arduino software insulates you from the intricate nature of ATmega328P microcontroller, its instruction set, and its I/O devices. Instead, you are given a library of useful routines which are used to build applications. The insulation initially helps you to program the microcontroller in a C-like high level programming language. However, being an 8 bit microcontroller, ATmega328P in C language will run out of gas when application demands performance. At this point, you will have to get down to the bare metal to push ATmega328P to its limit. Then, you have to learn its instruction set and all its I/O devices, and perhaps program it in assembly language. The best alternative approach is to program ATmega328P in the FORTH language. FORTH exposes ATmega328P to you. You can interactively examine its RAM memory, its flash memory, and all the I/O devices surrounding the CPU. You can incrementally add small pieces of code, and test them exhaustively. An interactive programming and debugging environment greatly accelerates program development, and ensures the quality of the program. Since 1990, I have been promoting a simple FORTH language model called eForth. This model consists of a kernel of 30 primitive FORTH commands which have to be implemented in machine instructions of a host microcontroller, and 190 compound FORTH commands constructed from the primitive commands and other compound commands. By isolating machine dependent commands from machine independent commands, the eForth model can be easily ported to many different microcontrollers. This model is ported to ATmega328P, and the result is the 328eForth system.
Author: Chen-Hanson Ting
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 168
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Book Description
eForth as an Arduino Sketch Last year I decided to retire from electronics and microcontrollers. So I cleaned out my study and my garage, gave away all my tools and spare parts. I realized that I should not be a hardware engineer. I am only a programmer, and should just work on software. Then, when I visited my brother in Denver last summer, I saw that my niece was working on a couple of Arduino Boards. On an Arduino board, there was a microcontroller in a DIP socket! That was very interesting. When I came back, I bought a couple of Arduino Uno Boards, and have been working on them since. I had to buy back tools and many electronic parts and ate my vow to stay away from hardware. Arduino Uno is a lovely, small, cheap, and readily accessible microcontroller board. The operating system and the programming environment Arduino 0022 is a good match to the Arduino Uno Board. Through a single USB cable, you can upload programs from a PC to Arduino Uno, and then communicate with the Uno through the same cable using RS232 protocol. You write programs in C language as sketches in Arduino 0022, and the sketches are compiled and then uploaded to the ATmega328P microcontroller on Arduino Uno for execution. Sketches are C programs greatly simplified to the point that you just have to fill lines of code in the two following routines: setup() loop() All intricacies and complications in the C language and its associated compiler and linker are taken care of by the Arduino 0022 system. No wonder Arduino is such a huge success. FORTH is a programming language much better suited for microcontrollers than C. FORTH is really a programming language with a built-in operating system. It has an interpreter and a compiler so that you can write programs in small modules and interactively test and debug them. You can build large applications quickly and debug them thoroughly. FORTH also gives you access to all the hardware components in the microcontroller and all of the IO devices connected to the microcontroller. So, I ported a very simple FORTH model, 328eForth, over to the ATmega328P microcontroller. It was written in AVR assembly language, and had to be assembled in the AVR Studio 4 IDE from Atmel Corp, and then uploaded to ATmega328P through a separated AVRISP mkll programming cable. Once 328eForth is uploaded to ATmega328P, it can communicate with the PC through the Arduino USB cable. BUT, 328eForth cannot be uploaded through the USB cable, because Arduino 0022 requires a bootloader pre-loaded in the ATmega328P to upload sketches, and 328eForth must use the bootloader section of flash memory in ATmega328P to store commands which writes new code into the application section of the flash memory at run-time. For the serious FORTH programmer, a 328eForth system gives you the ultimate control over the ATmega328P microcontroller. For the much larger Arduino user community, we need a FORTH implementation which is compatible with the Arduino 0022 system. Here is my solution: ceForth_328. It is written in C as a sketch. It can be compiled and uploaded by Arduino 0022. Once it is uploaded to the Atmega328P microcontroller, it communicates with the PC through the Arduino USB cable. However, new FORTH commands are compiled only into the RAM memory in ATmega328P. You have only about 1.5 KB of RAM memory to store new commands, and when you turn off Arduino Uno, these new commands are lost. In spite of these limitations, ceForth_328 is still a very useful system. You can learn FORTH and use if to evaluate Arduino Uno for various applications. You can also use it to learn about the ATmega328P microcontroller, because it allows you to read and to write all the IO registers. Find the sketch and soon more at https: //wiki.forth-ev.de/doku.php/projects:430eforth: start#arduino_uno_und_arduino_nano
Author: Chen-Hanson Ting
Publisher: Independently Published
ISBN: 9781096059783
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 218
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Book Description
eForth - Contents - 1.1 Moore's Law Marches On Moore's Law marches on, and more and more circuits are crowded into microcontrollers. In the last 15 years, I had programmed many ARM chips, and had watched with amazement the progress of the ARM chips. My approach had always been to port an eForth system onto the chips and tried to make the best use of the chips. Here are some of the ARM chips I put eForth on. 2001: Nintendo's GameBoyAdvance had an ARM7TDMI chip in it. It had 32 KB of RAM. No flash. It had lots of external flash and RAM for games. 2004: ADuC7024 from Analog Devices had 62 KB of flash and 8 KB of RAM, and lots of IO devices, including ADC and DAC. I built a ForthStamp based on it, a really nice single chip stamp size computer. 2008: AT91SAM7x256 from Atmel. It had 64 KB of flash and 16 KB of RAM, and lots of IO devices. A couple of years ago, I told my friends in the Silicon Valley FIG and Taiwan FIG that I had to really retire from Forth programming. I did, and worked peacefully on translating Bach's cantatas from German to Chinese, and putting Tang poems into Schubert's songs, and many other things I had neglected all the years. Then, last month, a friend in Taiwan FIG sent me this ForthDuino Board, which was used to control a laser cutting machine to make PC boards. It had footprints of IO sockets of Arduino board and MSP430 LaunchPad. It is intended to suck in all applications from Arduino and LaunchPad. I was told that the ARM chip on ForthDuino is the same one used in the STM32F4Discovery Kit. Looking up the STM32F407 chip, I was shocked to see so much memory, and so many IO devices. 1 MB of flash and 192 KB of RAM. It is a Wow chip, and in desperate need of a good eForth system. So. I re-open my workbench, unpacked my tools, download all necessary IDE and programming toolchains. But, the world has changed since I stopped watching. Keil is still there, but its toolchain became uVision5. STM32F4 is no longer an ARM chip. It is a Cortex M4 chip. There is no ARM in STM32F4. All that's left is a THUMB, and a really big THUMB. The first shock was that I could not use the ARM directive in the assembler. The assembler generated lots of error messages if you do ARM. It is much happier if you use the THUMB directive. Then, the RSC instruction disappeared. Reading the ARM assembler manual carefully, I found that ARM.Holdings is phasing out the ARM instruction set, and replacing it with the THUMB2 instruction set. It gave up the beautiful RISC architecture, and reverted to the ugly CISC architecture we all despised. I missed the simple serial COM port in PC. The USB is so much harder to deal with. You don't know what's going on. You must have faith on the USB drivers given to you. There is no simple example to guide me, to start my exploration. The Demo project provided with STAM32F4-Discovery Kit is a huge package with 7 folders and 31 files. There is no clear entry point. I spent 3 weeks wandering around in the hardware and software maze, looking for an entry point. The great breakthrough came when I realized that I only had to set up the reset vector correctly, everything would work smoothly from that point on. Throw away all the header files, init files, device driver files. I only need one assembly file to do what I have to do. Since STM32F4 is no longer an ARM7 chip. It is not necessary to keep the name in my eForth implementations. I planned and completed 3 versions of eForth for this chip: STM32eforth v7.01 The eForth dictionary resides in flash memory, and executes from flash memory. It is upgraded to align with the eForth2 model, with subroutine tread model and fully optimized for performance. STM32eforth v7.10 The eForth dictionary resides in flash memory. Flash memory is remapped to the virtual memory in Page 0. eForth executes from Page 0 memory.
Author: Adeel Javed
Publisher: Apress
ISBN: 1484219406
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 299
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Book Description
Gain a strong foundation of Arduino-based device development, from which you can go in any direction according to your specific development needs and desires. You'll build Arduino-powered devices for everyday use, and then connect those devices to the Internet. You'll be introduced to the building blocks of IoT, and then deploy those principles to by building a variety of useful projects. Projects in the books gradually introduce the reader to key topics such as internet connectivity with Arduino, common IoT protocols, custom web visualization, and Android apps that receive sensor data on-demand and in realtime. IoT device enthusiasts of all ages will want this book by their side when developing Android-based devices. If you're one of the many who have decided to build your own Arduino-powered devices for IoT applications, then Building Arduino Projects for the Internet of Things is exactly what you need. This book is your single resource--a guidebook for the eager-to-learn Arduino enthusiast--that teaches logically, methodically, and practically how the Arduino works and what you can build with it. Written by a software developer and solution architect who got tired of hunting and gathering various lessons for Arduino development as he taught himself all about the topic. For Arduino enthusiasts, this book not only opens up the world of IoT applications, you will also learn many techniques that likely would not be obvious if not for experience with such a diverse group of applications What You'll Learn Create an Arduino circuit that senses temperature Publish data collected from an Arduino to a server and to an MQTT broker Set up channels in Xively Using Node-RED to define complex flows Publish data visualization in a web app Report motion-sensor data through a mobile app Create a remote control for house lights Set up an app in IBM Bluematrix Who This Book Is For IoT device enthusiasts of all ages will want this book by their side when developing Android-based devices.
Author: Brock Craft
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118551478
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 423
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Book Description
Discover all the amazing things you can do with Arduino Arduino is a programmable circuit board that is being used by everyone from scientists, programmers, and hardware hackers to artists, designers, hobbyists, and engineers in order to add interactivity to objects and projects and experiment with programming and electronics. This easy-to-understand book is an ideal place to start if you are interested in learning more about Arduino's vast capabilities. Featuring an array of cool projects, this Arduino beginner guide walks you through every step of each of the featured projects so that you can acquire a clear understanding of the different aspects of the Arduino board. Introduces Arduino basics to provide you with a solid foundation of understanding before you tackle your first project Features a variety of fun projects that show you how to do everything from automating your garden's watering system to constructing a keypad entry system, installing a tweeting cat flap, building a robot car, and much more Provides an easy, hands-on approach to learning more about electronics, programming, and interaction design for Makers of all ages Arduino Projects For Dummies is your guide to turning everyday electronics and plain old projects into incredible innovations. Get Connected! To find out more about Brock Craft and his recent Arduino creations, visit www.facebook.com/ArduinoProjectsForDummies
Author: Steven F. Barrett
Publisher: Morgan & Claypool Publishers
ISBN: 1627052542
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 515
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Book Description
This book is about the Arduino microcontroller and the Arduino concept. The visionary Arduino team of Massimo Banzi, David Cuartielles, Tom Igoe, Gianluca Martino, and David Mellis launched a new innovation in microcontroller hardware in 2005, the concept of open source hardware. Their approach was to openly share details of microcontroller-based hardware design platforms to stimulate the sharing of ideas and promote innovation. This concept has been popular in the software world for many years. This book is intended for a wide variety of audiences including students of the fine arts, middle and senior high school students, engineering design students, and practicing scientists and engineers. To meet this wide audience, the book has been divided into sections to satisfy the need of each reader. The book contains many software and hardware examples to assist the reader in developing a wide variety of systems. The book covers two different Arduino products: the Arduino UNO R3 equipped with the Atmel ATmega328 and the Arduino Mega 2560 equipped with the Atmel ATmega2560. The third edition has been updated with the latest on these two processing boards, changes to the Arduino Development Environment and multiple extended examples.
Author: John Boxall
Publisher: No Starch Press
ISBN: 1718502796
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 491
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Book Description
Guided by an expert craftsman with over 30 years of experience, you’ll build 70 awesome Arduino projects and emerge a true Arduinian ready to invent your own complex creations. For Arduino programmers who’ve mastered the basics, this book is the next step toward becoming an expert Arduinian. You’ll build 70 complex and practical projects with this versatile microcontroller platform and gain advanced skills to design reliable, professional, user-friendly creations. You’ll remote-control your Arduino via Bluetooth and instant messaging, improve the accuracy of clock projects with internet time servers, and automatically turn your Arduino off when it completes a task. You’ll safely control AC mains power and higher currents and conserve battery with low-power and sleep modes. You’ll also use Charlieplexing to control LED matrix displays, keep your Arduino running with a watchdog timer, communicate over longer wired distances with the RS232 and RS485 buses, and much more. Along the way, you’ll build fun and useful devices like: • A camera-enabled circuit to stream videos • An MP3 player to listen to audio of your choice • A CAN bus circuit to gather speed and engine data from your car • A web server to display data captured with an ESP32 board • A PS/2 keyboard to improve your user interfaces and easily enter and display data Guided by an Arduino master, you’ll harness dozens of sensors, motors, displays, and techniques to bring your own expert inventions to life. Requirements: Arduino Uno and other Arduino-compatible microcontrollers andUSBasp programmers. Some projects may require other inexpensive parts.
Author: Moaml Mohmmed
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781070857244
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 130
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Book Description
Arduino: Arduino is an electronic development board consisting of an open-source electronic circuit with a microcontroller on a single board programmed by computer designed to make the use of interactive electronics in interdisciplinary projects easier. Arduino is used primarily in the design of e-projects Or projects aimed at building different environmental sensors (eg temperature, wind, pressure, etc.). Arduino can be connected to various programs on the PC. Arduino relies on the programming language of open-source processing, and the special code of the language Arduino is similar to the language C ++ programming language and is one of the easiest programming languages used in writing software microcontrolle
Author: C. H. Ting
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781726852364
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 120
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Book Description
Before diving directly into eForth, I would like to discuss the general principles of Forth language. The language consists of a collection of words, which reside in the memory of a computer and can be executed by entering their names on the computer keyboard. A list of words can be compiled, given a new name and made a new word. In fact, most words in Forth are defined as lists of existing words. A small set of primitive words are defined in machine code of the native CPU. All other words are built from this primitive words and eventually refer to them when executed.
Author: Geoff Adams
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN: 9781721090822
Category : Arduino (Programmable controller)
Languages : en
Pages : 46
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Book Description
ARDUINO Grab this GREAT physical book now at a limited time discounted price! If you are interested in getting hands-on knowledge that will allow you to build your own Arduino projects, but you do not know where to start, this book is for you! There is a common myth that building exciting projects with Arduino is a complicated affair, especially if you do not have any prior experience with electronics and programming. But that just simply isn't true! This books debunks that myth by guiding you through everything you need to know in order for you to start creating with Arduino. In this book, you will learn quite a lot, including what Arduino is, why Arduino is the go-to platform for building electronics projects, the components of your Arduino, what you can use your Arduino for, the differences between various models of Arduino, and how to setup the Arduino programming environment and install drivers. This book will also show you how to create your first Arduino sketch, as well as some simple but interesting projects you can build using your Arduino, even if you have never written a single line of code before. The best part is that instead of using complex jargon, this book describes everything in simple and clear language that is perfect for absolute beginners! Here Is What You'll Learn About... What Is The Arduino The Different Arduino Models What The Arduino Can Be Used For Setting Up The Arduino IDE How To Code For The Arduino Projects You Can Create With The Arduino Which Arduino Model Is Best For You Much, Much More! Order your copy of this fantastic book today!
