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Author: Nouran M. Radwan
Publisher: Infinite Study
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 10
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Book Description
The notion of uncertainty in expert systems is dealing with vague data, incomplete information, and imprecise knowledge. Different uncertainty types which are imprecision, vagueness, ambiguity, and inconsistence need different handling models. Uncertain knowledge representation and analysis is an essential issue.
Author: Nouran M. Radwan
Publisher: Infinite Study
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 10
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Book Description
The notion of uncertainty in expert systems is dealing with vague data, incomplete information, and imprecise knowledge. Different uncertainty types which are imprecision, vagueness, ambiguity, and inconsistence need different handling models. Uncertain knowledge representation and analysis is an essential issue.
Author: Michel Syrett
Publisher: The Economist
ISBN: 1610395131
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 224
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Book Description
Managing uncertainty has become a new business imperative. Technological discontinuities, regulatory upheavals, geopolitical shocks, abrupt shifts in consumer tastes or behavior, and many other factors have emerged or intensified in recent years and together conspire to undermine even the most carefully constructed business strategies. Managing Uncertainty: Strategies for Surviving and Thriving in Turbulent Times addresses these new challenges, assessing the sources of business turbulence, how to classify uncertainty, and the different ways in which uncertainty can be embraced to allow greater innovation and growth. Drawing on examples from around the world, the book presents the most recent ideas on what it means to manage uncertainty, from practitioners, academics, and consultants. Addresses the challenges of managing uncertainty in business Presents a step-by-step guide to managing business uncertainty Draws examples from major international companies, including Intel, Procter & Gamble, Siemens, Boeing, Quinetiq, Philips, China Telecom, Ford, Apple, Shell, Glaxo SmithKline and many more Written for business leaders and managers looking for new ways to ensure that their businesses continue to thrive in a world of increasing complexity, Managing Uncertainty presents new and innovative ideas about reducing risk by understanding difficult-to-predict shifts.
Author: Kurtis D. Miller
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Competency-based education
Languages : en
Pages : 292
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Book Description
Higher education in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) faces a number of challenges. There are many calls for STEM education to make significant changes moving forward, including calls for competency-based learning and greater integration of the humanities. These efforts require systemic change (Reigeluth & Garfinkle, 1994). Systemic change has significant impacts on students, teachers, and other organizational stakeholders. The challenges of systemic change create significant uncertainty and experiences of uncertainty can interact in a number of ways. Communication as a field is well positioned to speak to how many of these challenges can be avoided and/or avoided. Communication theories focused on uncertainty should be integrated into research on systemic change because uncertainty is a defining feature of systemic change in higher education. Uncertainty has been a central focus of communication research for decades. Use of uncertainty theories in these areas needs to focus not only on uncertainty in general, but on how uncertainties become interrelated. This dissertation integrates two of these theories, Problematic Integration Theory (PIT, Babrow, 2007) and the Theory of Managing Uncertainty (TMU, Kramer, 2004). PIT focuses on how individuals integrate evaluations of both the value and the probability of potential outcomes. Most of the time, individuals do not have any difficulty integrating perceived values and probabilities, but when individuals experience uncertainties about and mismatches between these evaluations, they experience problematic integration (PI). According to PIT, these PIs have the potential to be mutually influential, both within the individual and across individuals. TMU focuses on the processes that individuals use to manage uncertainty. TMU takes an organizational perspective on uncertainty, emphasizing that uncertainties can be experienced at both the individual and organizational levels. In addition, TMU describes how uncertainties experienced at different levels within an organization can be interrelated. Uncertainties experienced at one level in an organization can promote uncertainties elsewhere and can directly impact abilities to manage uncertainty throughout the organization. This dissertation focuses on the Purdue Polytechnic Institute (PPI) as a case study of systemic change in STEM higher education. PPI was created to accomplish several of the aforementioned goals of reform in STEM eduction. It focused on competency-based assessment and integrated humanities into the STEM curriculum using a problem-based, experiential, interdisciplinary approach to learning. The primary source of data analyzed in this dissertation were interviews with students, faculty, and teaching assistants (TAs). These data were part of a longitudinal process of research design which was informed by participant and complete observations, interviews, surveys, and other forms of data collection. Interview responses were coded and analyzed for experiences consistent with uncertainty and the various forms of PI. Experiences of PI were then organized into emergent themes in order to address four research questions: RQ1a: How do students' descriptions of their experiences reflect PI? RQ1b: What communicative and relational resources do students draw upon to manage uncertainty and PI? RQ2: How do individual and organizational uncertainty interact in this system? RQ3: Are students experiences of uncertainty aligned with the organizations stated values and goals? Students expressed experiences which were consistent with all four types of PI described by Babrow (2007). Students typically experienced ambiguity while entering the program. As they settled in, they found that some aspects were different than they expected, leading some ambiguities to resolve to experiences of diverging probability and evaluation and other forms of PI to appear. In general, students believed that these differences from what they expected made the program better overall, even though they also promoted experiences of uncertainty and PI. Most of the differences that students encountered were due to the unique approach used in PPI, especially its combined focus on student autonomy, student-directed learning, individualized instruction, its focus on learning-by-doing in context, and its use of multiple faculty members for each class. Although students strongly preferred the "learning-by-doing" approach they encountered in the program, they had significant problems with "feeling like they were learning" due to the ways that the program departed from the traditional methods that they were used to based on their prior experiences. Because students were accustomed to a style of education that placed responsibility for managing student uncertainty about how to accomplish project outcomes on faculty members rather than on the students themselves, they had trouble with recognizing their own learning without the preemptive uncertainty management they were used to. Some students characterized this lack of preparatory instruction as an instructor misbehavior (Kearney, Plax, Hays, & Ivey, 1991). The non-standard approach to grading, focusing on competencies evaluated through a badging system, also increased ambiguity due to the students being unfamiliar with this approach. The presence of multiple faculty members was seen as a net benefit that, in some ways, helped students to manage uncertainty by making additional resources available to them, but also increased student experiences of uncertainty at times due to different faculty members having different approaches and different answers to student questions. Other features of the program, such as the lower penalties for failure in a program using a competency-based approach, served to reduce student experiences consistent with uncertainty and PI by lowering the stakes of failure. Students also reported experiences consistent with uncertainty and PI that seemed to be driven by participation in a program undergoing systemic change, especially in areas such as the structure of the program, its future success, and whether it would help them to achieve their personal career goals. Both faculty and students empathized with the uncertainty experienced by one another which was driven by systemic change. There is clear evidence for interaction between uncertainty at different levels in the organization. Uncertainty at the university and program level drove individual uncertainties for students and for faculty members, and also limited their abilities to manage uncertainty. To manage their experiences of uncertainty and PI, students tended to turn to people, especially peers and faculty members, course products, and their own experiences in the program. Overall, student experiences consistent with uncertainty and PI tended to reduce as they gained familiarity with the program. PIT and TMU were productive theories for analysis in this context. Uncertainty clearly occurred at many different levels within the organization, and experiences consistent with PI were plentiful. Future research should continue to combine these theories to investigate systemic change in STEM higher education. Applying additional theories commonly used in communication research is likely to be productive in future research as well. Based on the data analyzed in this dissertation, Expectancy Violation Theory, dialectic theories, and Attribution Theory seem to hold particular promise in future research. Furthermore, this research highlights ways that PIT and TMU can be extended in the future. Although TMU focuses on uncertainty management, it is likely that many of its insights may apply to the management of PI as impossibility and as diverging probability and evaluation--forms of PI driven by certainty rather than uncertainty. TMU can likely be extended to include the management of these forms of PI in addition to uncertainty. Likewise, PIT may be extended to identify an additional form of PI, "despair," which would be a counter-balance to impossibility at the other end of the continuum of diverging probability and evaluation where there is a very high probability of a strongly dispreferred outcome (as opposed to impossibility, where there is a very low probability of a strongly preferred outcome). STEM programs in higher education which are undertaking systemic change can take a number of steps to reduce detrimental experiences of uncertainty and PI in their students and other organizational stakeholders. Acting to socialize new group members, making resources available to students, and recognizing that flexibility will be necessary to react to unanticipated emergent complications will help minimize these detrimental experiences of uncertainty and PI.
Author: Christoph H. Loch
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118276825
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 269
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Book Description
Managing the Unknown offers a new way of looking at the problem of managing projects in novel and unknown environments. From Europe's leading business school, this book shows how to manage two fundamental approaches that, in combination, offer the possibility of coping with unforeseen influences that inevitably arise in novel projects: * Trial-and-Error Learning allows for redefining the plan and the project as the project unfolds * Selectionism pursues multiple, independent trials in order to pick the best one at the end Managing the Unknown offers expert guidelines to the specific project mindsets, infrastructures, and management methods required to use these project management approaches and achieve success in spite of unforeseen obstacles. This book equips readers with: * Causal explanations of why unforeseeable factors in novel projects make traditional project planning and project risk management insufficient * Directly applicable management tools that help managers to guide novel and high-uncertainty projects * Real-world case studies of both successful and unsuccessful approaches to managing high uncertainty in novel projects
Author: Florentin Smarandache
Publisher: Infinite Study
ISBN:
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 970
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Book Description
This fourteenth volume of Collected Papers is an eclectic tome of 87 papers in Neutrosophics and other fields, such as mathematics, fuzzy sets, intuitionistic fuzzy sets, picture fuzzy sets, information fusion, robotics, statistics, or extenics, comprising 936 pages, published between 2008-2022 in different scientific journals or currently in press, by the author alone or in collaboration with the following 99 co-authors (alphabetically ordered) from 26 countries: Ahmed B. Al-Nafee, Adesina Abdul Akeem Agboola, Akbar Rezaei, Shariful Alam, Marina Alonso, Fran Andujar, Toshinori Asai, Assia Bakali, Azmat Hussain, Daniela Baran, Bijan Davvaz, Bilal Hadjadji, Carlos Díaz Bohorquez, Robert N. Boyd, M. Caldas, Cenap Özel, Pankaj Chauhan, Victor Christianto, Salvador Coll, Shyamal Dalapati, Irfan Deli, Balasubramanian Elavarasan, Fahad Alsharari, Yonfei Feng, Daniela Gîfu, Rafael Rojas Gualdrón, Haipeng Wang, Hemant Kumar Gianey, Noel Batista Hernández, Abdel-Nasser Hussein, Ibrahim M. Hezam, Ilanthenral Kandasamy, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy, Muthusamy Karthika, Nour Eldeen M. Khalifa, Madad Khan, Kifayat Ullah, Valeri Kroumov, Tapan Kumar Roy, Deepesh Kunwar, Le Thi Nhung, Pedro López, Mai Mohamed, Manh Van Vu, Miguel A. Quiroz-Martínez, Marcel Migdalovici, Kritika Mishra, Mohamed Abdel-Basset, Mohamed Talea, Mohammad Hamidi, Mohammed Alshumrani, Mohamed Loey, Muhammad Akram, Muhammad Shabir, Mumtaz Ali, Nassim Abbas, Munazza Naz, Ngan Thi Roan, Nguyen Xuan Thao, Rishwanth Mani Parimala, Ion Pătrașcu, Surapati Pramanik, Quek Shio Gai, Qiang Guo, Rajab Ali Borzooei, Nimitha Rajesh, Jesús Estupiñan Ricardo, Juan Miguel Martínez Rubio, Saeed Mirvakili, Arsham Borumand Saeid, Saeid Jafari, Said Broumi, Ahmed A. Salama, Nirmala Sawan, Gheorghe Săvoiu, Ganeshsree Selvachandran, Seok-Zun Song, Shahzaib Ashraf, Jayant Singh, Rajesh Singh, Son Hoang Le, Tahir Mahmood, Kenta Takaya, Mirela Teodorescu, Ramalingam Udhayakumar, Maikel Y. Leyva Vázquez, V. Venkateswara Rao, Luige Vlădăreanu, Victor Vlădăreanu, Gabriela Vlădeanu, Michael Voskoglou, Yaser Saber, Yong Deng, You He, Youcef Chibani, Young Bae Jun, Wadei F. Al-Omeri, Hongbo Wang, Zayen Azzouz Omar.
Author: H. Katzan
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780442011147
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 322
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Book Description
A guide to using the computer to come to terms with the risk, insecurity, and ambivalence that are encountered in businesses in a wide range of fields. Matching management techniques with computational equivalents, shows how to use both conflicting and confirming evidence from independent sources to induce, infer, and predict, in ways that will improve decision making. Includes several programs. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Author: Florentin Smarandache
Publisher: Infinite Study
ISBN:
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 999
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Book Description
This thirteenth volume of Collected Papers is an eclectic tome of 88 papers in various fields of sciences, such as astronomy, biology, calculus, economics, education and administration, game theory, geometry, graph theory, information fusion, decision making, instantaneous physics, quantum physics, neutrosophic logic and set, non-Euclidean geometry, number theory, paradoxes, philosophy of science, scientific research methods, statistics, and others, structured in 17 chapters (Neutrosophic Theory and Applications; Neutrosophic Algebra; Fuzzy Soft Sets; Neutrosophic Sets; Hypersoft Sets; Neutrosophic Semigroups; Neutrosophic Graphs; Superhypergraphs; Plithogeny; Information Fusion; Statistics; Decision Making; Extenics; Instantaneous Physics; Paradoxism; Mathematica; Miscellanea), comprising 965 pages, published between 2005-2022 in different scientific journals, by the author alone or in collaboration with the following 110 co-authors (alphabetically ordered) from 26 countries: Abduallah Gamal, Sania Afzal, Firoz Ahmad, Muhammad Akram, Sheriful Alam, Ali Hamza, Ali H. M. Al-Obaidi, Madeleine Al-Tahan, Assia Bakali, Atiqe Ur Rahman, Sukanto Bhattacharya, Bilal Hadjadji, Robert N. Boyd, Willem K.M. Brauers, Umit Cali, Youcef Chibani, Victor Christianto, Chunxin Bo, Shyamal Dalapati, Mario Dalcín, Arup Kumar Das, Elham Davneshvar, Bijan Davvaz, Irfan Deli, Muhammet Deveci, Mamouni Dhar, R. Dhavaseelan, Balasubramanian Elavarasan, Sara Farooq, Haipeng Wang, Ugur Halden, Le Hoang Son, Hongnian Yu, Qays Hatem Imran, Mayas Ismail, Saeid Jafari, Jun Ye, Ilanthenral Kandasamy, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy, Darjan Karabašević, Abdullah Kargın, Vasilios N. Katsikis, Nour Eldeen M. Khalifa, Madad Khan, M. Khoshnevisan, Tapan Kumar Roy, Pinaki Majumdar, Sreepurna Malakar, Masoud Ghods, Minghao Hu, Mingming Chen, Mohamed Abdel-Basset, Mohamed Talea, Mohammad Hamidi, Mohamed Loey, Mihnea Alexandru Moisescu, Muhammad Ihsan, Muhammad Saeed, Muhammad Shabir, Mumtaz Ali, Muzzamal Sitara, Nassim Abbas, Munazza Naz, Giorgio Nordo, Mani Parimala, Ion Pătrașcu, Gabrijela Popović, K. Porselvi, Surapati Pramanik, D. Preethi, Qiang Guo, Riad K. Al-Hamido, Zahra Rostami, Said Broumi, Saima Anis, Muzafer Saračević, Ganeshsree Selvachandran, Selvaraj Ganesan, Shammya Shananda Saha, Marayanagaraj Shanmugapriya, Songtao Shao, Sori Tjandrah Simbolon, Florentin Smarandache, Predrag S. Stanimirović, Dragiša Stanujkić, Raman Sundareswaran, Mehmet Șahin, Ovidiu-Ilie Șandru, Abdulkadir Șengür, Mohamed Talea, Ferhat Taș, Selçuk Topal, Alptekin Ulutaș, Ramalingam Udhayakumar, Yunita Umniyati, J. Vimala, Luige Vlădăreanu, Ştefan Vlăduţescu, Yaman Akbulut, Yanhui Guo, Yong Deng, You He, Young Bae Jun, Wangtao Yuan, Rong Xia, Xiaohong Zhang, Edmundas Kazimieras Zavadskas, Zayen Azzouz Omar, Xiaohong Zhang, Zhirou Ma.
Author: Florentin Smarandache
Publisher: Infinite Study
ISBN: 1599734680
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 232
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Book Description
This is the first volume of the Encyclopedia of Neutrosophic Researchers, edited from materials offered by the authors who responded to the editor’s invitation. The 78 authors are listed alphabetically. The introduction contains a short history of neutrosophics, together with links to the main papers and books. Neutrosophic set, neutrosophic logic, neutrosophic probability, neutrosophic statistics, neutrosophic measure, neutrosophic precalculus, neutrosophic calculus and so on are gaining significant attention in solving many real life problems that involve uncertainty, impreciseness, vagueness, incompleteness, inconsistent, and indeterminacy. In the past years the fields of neutrosophics have been extended and applied in various fields, such as: artificial intelligence, data mining, soft computing, decision making in incomplete / indeterminate / inconsistent information systems, image processing, computational modelling, robotics, medical diagnosis, biomedical engineering, investment problems, economic forecasting, social science, humanistic and practical achievements.
Author: Florentin Smarandache (editor)
Publisher: Infinite Study
ISBN: 1599734982
Category : Neutrosophic logic
Languages : en
Pages : 426
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Book Description
Neutrosophic theory and applications have been expanding in all directions at an astonishing rate especially after the introduction the journal entitled “Neutrosophic Sets and Systems”. New theories, techniques, algorithms have been rapidly developed. One of the most striking trends in the neutrosophic theory is the hybridization of neutrosophic set with other potential sets such as rough set, bipolar set, soft set, hesitant fuzzy set, etc. The different hybrid structure such as rough neutrosophic set, single valued neutrosophic rough set, bipolar neutrosophic set, single valued neutrosophic hesitant fuzzy set, etc. are proposed in the literature in a short period of time. Neutrosophic set has been a very important tool in all various areas of data mining, decision making, e-learning, engineering, medicine, social science, and some more. The book “New Trends in Neutrosophic Theories and Applications” focuses on theories, methods, algorithms for decision making and also applications involving neutrosophic information. Some topics deal with data mining, decision making, e-learning, graph theory, medical diagnosis, probability theory, topology, and some more. 30 papers by 39 authors and coauthors.
Author: Managementor Skill Pack
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN: 9781515066576
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 96
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Book Description
"Smart companies match their approach to the nature of the threats they face"- By Robert S. Kaplan and Anette Mikes. The first step in creating an effective risk-management system is to understand the qualitative distinctions among the types of risks that organizations face. To manage the uncertainty we have to make sense of the unpredictable and the un-definable in today's hyper-connected business world. To manage the uncertainty, the ManageMentor Toolkit delivers an industry-proven framework with step-by-step approach to manage and reduce uncertainty for any organization.
