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Author: Christopher Day
Publisher: Purdue University Press
ISBN: 9781622602155
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 44
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Book Description
Author: Christopher Day
Publisher: Purdue University Press
ISBN: 9781622602155
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 44
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Book Description
Author: Margarita Martínez-Díaz
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030896722
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 299
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Book Description
This book deals with the estimation of travel time in a very comprehensive and exhaustive way. Travel time information is and will continue to be one key indicator of the quality of service of a road network and a highly valued knowledge for drivers. Moreover, travel times are key inputs for comprehensive traffic management systems. All the above-mentioned aspects are covered in this book. The first chapters expound on the different types of travel time information that traffic management centers work with, their estimation, their utility and their dissemination. They also remark those aspects in which this information should be improved, especially considering future cooperative driving environments.Next, the book introduces and validates two new methodologies designed to improve current travel time information systems, which additionally have a high degree of applicability: since they use data from widely disseminated sources, they could be immediately implemented by many administrations without the need for large investments. Finally, travel times are addressed in the context of dynamic traffic management systems. The evolution of these systems in parallel with technological and communication advancements is thoroughly discussed. Special attention is paid to data analytics and models, including data-driven approaches, aimed at understanding and predicting travel patterns in urban scenarios. Additionally, the role of dynamic origin-to-destination matrices in these schemes is analyzed in detail.
Author: Robin T. Underwood
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780949905451
Category : Traffic engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 222
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Book Description
Author: WENFU. WANG
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Short-term travel time prediction supports the implementation of proactive traffic management and control strategies to alleviate if not prevent congestion and enable rational route choices and traffic mode selections to enhance travel mobility and safety. Over the last decade, Bluetooth technology has been increasingly used in collecting travel time data due to the technology's advantages over conventional detection techniques in terms of direct travel time measurement, anonymous detection, and cost-effectiveness. However, similar to many other Automatic Vehicle Identification (AVI) technologies, Bluetooth technology has some limitations in measuring travel time information including 1) Bluetooth technology cannot associate travel time measurements with different traffic streams or facilities, therefore, the facility-specific travel time information is not directly available from Bluetooth measurements; 2) Bluetooth travel time measurements are influenced by measurement lag, because the travel time associated with vehicles that have not reached the downstream Bluetooth detector location cannot be taken at the instant of analysis. Freeway sections may include multiple distinct traffic stream (i.e., facilities) moving in the same direction of travel under a number of scenarios including: (1) a freeway section that contain both a High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) or High Occupancy Toll (HOT) lane and several general purpose lanes (GPL); (2) a freeway section with a nearby parallel service roadway; (3) a freeway section in which there exist physically separated lanes (e.g. express versus collector lanes); or (4) a freeway section in which a fraction of the lanes are used by vehicles to access an off ramp. In this research, two different methods were proposed in estimating facility-specific travel times from Bluetooth measurements. Method 1 applies the Anderson-Darling test in matching the distribution of real-time Bluetooth travel time measurements with reference measurements. Method 2 first clusters the travel time measurements using the K-means algorithm, and then associates the clusters with facilities using traffic flow model. The performances of these two proposed methods have been evaluated against a Benchmark method using simulation data. A sensitivity analysis was also performed to understand the impacts of traffic conditions on the performance of different models. Based on the results, Method 2 is recommended when the physical barriers or law enforcement prevent drivers from freely switching between the underlying facilities; however, when the roadway functions as a self-correcting system allowing vehicles to freely switching between underlying facilities, the Benchmark method, which assumes one facility always operating faster than the other facility, is recommended for application. The Bluetooth travel time measurement lag leads to delayed detection of traffic condition variations and travel time changes, especially during congestion and transition periods or when consecutive Bluetooth detectors are placed far apart. In order to alleviate the travel time measurement lag, this research proposed to use non-lagged Bluetooth measurements (e.g., the number of repetitive detections for each vehicle and the time a vehicle spent in the detection zone) for inferring traffic stream states in the vicinity of the Bluetooth detectors. Two model structures including the analytical model and the statistical model have been proposed to estimate the traffic conditions based on non-lagged Bluetooth measurements. The results showed that the proposed RUSBoost classification tree achieved over 94% overall accuracy in predicting traffic conditions as congested or uncongested. When modeling traffic conditions as three traffic states (i.e., the free-flow state, the transition state, and the congested state) using the RUSBoost classification tree, the overall accuracy was 67.2%; however, the accuracy in predicting the congested traffic state was improved from 84.7% of the two state model to 87.7%. Because traffic state information enables the travel time prediction model to more timely detect the changes in traffic conditions, both the two-state model and the three-state model have been evaluated in developing travel time prediction models in this research. The Random Forest model was the main algorithm adopted in training travel time prediction models using both travel time measurements and inferred traffic states. Using historical Bluetooth data as inputs, the model results proved that the inclusion of traffic states information consistently lead to better travel time prediction results in terms of lower root mean square errors (improved by over 11%), lower 90th percentile absolute relative error ARE (improved by over 12%), and lower standard deviations of ARE (improved by over 15%) compared to other model structures without traffic states as inputs. In addition, the impact of traffic state inclusion on travel time prediction accuracy as a function of Bluetooth detector spacing was also examined using simulation data. The results showed that the segment length of 4~8 km is optimal in terms of the improvement from using traffic state information in travel time prediction models.
Author: David J. Wise
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 1437926282
Category : Transportation
Languages : en
Pages : 43
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Book Description
State and local government agencies and private companies disseminate real-time traffic info. to help travelers decide whether to use alternative, less congested routes. Legislation enacted in 2005 required the U.S. Dept. of Transportation (DoT) to establish the Real-Time System Management Information Program (RTSMIP), in order to provide states the capability to monitor traffic and travel conditions on major highways and share that info. This report addresses, among other things: (1) how the public and private sectors disseminate real-time traffic info. to the public; (2) actions DoT has taken to establish the RTSMIP; and (3) experts¿ views on the need for a nationwide RTSMIP and its potential characteristics. Charts and tables.
Author: Prahlad D. Pant
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic traffic controls
Languages : en
Pages : 64
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Book Description
A freeway construction work zone creates conflicts between vehicular traffic and work activity. The closure of one or more lanes of a freeway section causes a bottleneck on the freeway and reduces the capacity in the work zone, which can lead to conditions that violate the expectations of the motorists. Such a work zone situation is a challenge to one of the main objectives of a traffic management system, that is, to maintain "the safe and efficient movement of traffic." The advance warning area of a traffic control zone represents the area in which the motorists are informed as to what they can expect ahead. The information which is normally provided to the motorists include the type of construction activity, type of lane closure, extent of the work zone, and whether there are available alternate routes to avoid the construction all together. This information is given on static signs, or electronic portable changeable message signs (CMS) by way of static preprogrammed messages.
Author: Simon Cohen
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119307805
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 382
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Book Description
Transport systems are facing an impossible dilemma: satisfy an increasing demand for mobility of people and goods, while decreasing their fossil-energy requirements and preserving the environment. Additionally, transport has an opportunity to evolve in a changing world, with new services, technologies but also new requirements (fast delivery, reliability, improved accessibility). The subject of traffic is organized into two separate but complementary volumes: Volume 3 on Traffic Management and Volume 4 on Traffic Safety. Traffic Management, Volume 3 of the 'Research for Innovative Transports' Set, presents a collection of updated papers from the TRA 2014 Conference, highlighting the diversity of research in this field. Theoretical chapters and practical case studies address topics such as cooperative systems, the global approach in modeling, road and railway traffic management, information systems and impact assessment.
Author: Robert Gordon
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319147684
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 286
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Book Description
Intelligent Transportation Systems: Functional Design for Economical and Efficient Traffic Management provides practical guidance on the efficient use of resources in the design of ITS. The author explains how functional design alternatives can meet project objectives and requirements with optimal cost effectiveness and clarifies how transportation planning and traffic diversion principles relate to functional ITS device selections and equipment locations. Methodologies for translating objectives to functional device types, determining device deployment densities and determining the best placement of CCTV cameras and message signs are provided, as are models for evaluating the benefits of design alternatives based on traffic conditions. Readers will learn how to reduce recurrent congestion, improve incident clearance time in non-recurrent congestion, provide real-time incident information to motorists, and leverage transportation management center data for lane control through important new active transportation and demand management (ATDM) methods. Finally, the author examines exciting developments in connected vehicle technologies, exploring their potential to greatly improve safety, mobility and energy efficiency. This resource will greatly benefit all ITS designers and managers and is of pivotal importance for operating agencies performing evaluations to justify operational funding and system expansions.
Author: Richard Gerhard Dowling
Publisher: Transportation Research Board
ISBN: 0309223970
Category : Traffic congestion
Languages : en
Pages : 65
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Book Description
"Active traffic management (ATM) includes a suite of traffic management and control strategies that improve operational efficiency. These strategies are used to manage traffic flow to enhance capacity and safety. This synthesis documents the state of the practice associated with designing, implementing, and operating ATM on arterial roadways."--Preface.
Author: Wenzhong Shi
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 0415620937
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 338
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Book Description
Advances in Geo-Spatial Information Science presents recent advances regarding fundamental issues of geo-spatial information science (space and time, spatial analysis, uncertainty modeling and geo-visualization), and new scientific and technological research initiatives for geo-spatial information science (such as spatial data mining, mobile data modeling, and location-based services). The book contains selected and revised papers presented at the joint International Conference on Theory, Data Handling and Modelling in GeoSpatial Information Science (Hong Kong, 26–28 May 2010), and brings together three related international academic communities: spatial information science, spatial data handling, and modeling geographic systems. Advances in Geo-Spatial Information Science will be of interest for academics and professionals interested in spatial information science, spatial data handling, and modeling of geographic systems.
