Application of the Ideal Canopy Flow Concept to Natural and Artificial Roughness Elements PDF Download
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Author: R. M. Cionco
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Air flow
Languages : en
Pages : 206
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Book Description
Effort has been expended in modeling air flow within and above simple roughness elements for neutral steady-state conditions. Application of the ideal canopy flow concept suggested by Cionco, Ohmstede and Appleby is now extended to various natural and artificial canopies of simple or complex structure. Properties and characteristics considered were: Shape of the unit canopy wind profile, intensity of turbulence magnitudes, an index of canopy flow, and the effects of density and flexibility variations upon the flow. The profile shape is characteristic and best described by an exponential relationship within simple-structured elements. In complex structures, the profiles exhibited low-level maximums and no-gradient layers. Above the vegetation, the logarithmic wind relation was valid for each canopy type. Intensity of turbulence was relatively uniform with height for simple canopies and significantly non-uniform with height in complex structures, with large leaf area maximums and very low wind speeds. The ideal canopy flow concept can potentially serve many disciplines and efforts besides micrometeorology and diffusion research. If to serve no other purpose, it can be used to establish the initial formulation of a boundary condition or minor portion of a larger problem. The mathematical simplicity of the concept may be its most important quality when it is to be used as part of a larger system of equations.
Author: R. M. Cionco
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Air flow
Languages : en
Pages : 206
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Book Description
Effort has been expended in modeling air flow within and above simple roughness elements for neutral steady-state conditions. Application of the ideal canopy flow concept suggested by Cionco, Ohmstede and Appleby is now extended to various natural and artificial canopies of simple or complex structure. Properties and characteristics considered were: Shape of the unit canopy wind profile, intensity of turbulence magnitudes, an index of canopy flow, and the effects of density and flexibility variations upon the flow. The profile shape is characteristic and best described by an exponential relationship within simple-structured elements. In complex structures, the profiles exhibited low-level maximums and no-gradient layers. Above the vegetation, the logarithmic wind relation was valid for each canopy type. Intensity of turbulence was relatively uniform with height for simple canopies and significantly non-uniform with height in complex structures, with large leaf area maximums and very low wind speeds. The ideal canopy flow concept can potentially serve many disciplines and efforts besides micrometeorology and diffusion research. If to serve no other purpose, it can be used to establish the initial formulation of a boundary condition or minor portion of a larger problem. The mathematical simplicity of the concept may be its most important quality when it is to be used as part of a larger system of equations.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aeronautics
Languages : en
Pages : 1034
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Book Description
Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.
Author: Günter Groß
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 364275676X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 243
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Book Description
Starting with the description of meteorological variables in forest canopies and its parameter variations, a numerical three-dimentional model is developed. Its applicability is demonstrated, first, by wind sheltering effects of hedges and, second, by the effects of deforestation on local climate in complex terrain. Scientists in ecology, agricultural botany and meteorology, but also urban and regional lanners will profit from this study finding the most effective solution for their specific problems.
Author: B.A. Hutchison
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400953054
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 683
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Book Description
The effects of meteorological phenomena upon forest produc tivity and forestry operations have been of concern for many years. With the evolution of system-level studies of forest eco system structure and function in the International Biological Program and elsewhere, more fundamental interactions between forest ecosystems and the atmosphere received scientific atten tion but the emphasis on meteorological and climatological effects on forest processes remained. More recently, as recogni tion has developed of potential and actual problems associated with the atmospheric transport, dispersion, and deposition of airborne pollutants, the effects of forest canopies upon boundary-layer meteorological phenomena has come under scientific scrutiny. Looking to the future, with rising atmospheric con centrations of C02 and increasing competition for the finite fresh-water resources of the earth, interest in the role of forests in global C02 and water balances can also be expected to intensify. Thus, the nature of forest canopy-atmosphere interac tions, that is to say, the meteorological phenomena occurring in and above forest canopies, are of importance to a wide variety of scientific and social-issues. Demands for forest meteorological information currently exceed levels of knowledge and given the economic constraints of science in general and environmental sciences in particular, chances for major improvements in scien tific support in the near future are slim. Unfortunately, studies of environmental phenomena in and above forests are costly and logistically difficult. Trees, the ecological dominants of forest ecosystems, are the largest of all terrestrial organisms.
Author: Mat Santamouris
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1136566937
Category : Architecture
Languages : en
Pages : 348
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Book Description
This book provides a review of environmental and energy research with respect to urban building projects. It describes how to overcome related challenges in environmental design of urban buildings. The book discusses the passive and active environmental systems within building concepts.
Author: M. Santamouris
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 113425797X
Category : Architecture
Languages : en
Pages : 627
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Book Description
Both the number and percentage of people living in urban areas is growing rapidly. Up to half of the world's population is expected to be living in a city by the end of the century and there are over 170 cities in the world with populations over a million. Cities have a huge impact on the local climate and require vast quantities of energy to keep them functioning. The urban environment in turn has a big impact on the performance and needs of buildings. The size, scale and mechanism of these interactions is poorly understood and strategies to mitigate them are rarely implemented. This is the first comprehensive book to address these questions. It arises out of a programme of work (POLISTUDIES) carried out for the Save programme of the European Commission. Chapters describe not only the main problems encountered such as the heat island and canyon effects, but also a range of design solutions that can be adopted both to improve the energy performance and indoor air quality of individual buildings and to look at aspects of urban design that can reduce these climatic effects. The book concludes with some examples of innovative urban bioclimatic buildings. The project was co-ordinated by Professor Mat Santamouris from the University of Athens who is also the editor of the book. Other contributions are from the University of Thessaloniki, Greece, ENTPE, Lyons, France and the University of Stuttgart, Germany.
Author: United States. Superintendent of Documents
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Government publications
Languages : en
Pages : 1194
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Book Description
February issue includes Appendix entitled Directory of United States Government periodicals and subscription publications; September issue includes List of depository libraries; June and December issues include semiannual index.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Air
Languages : en
Pages : 740
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Government publications
Languages : en
Pages : 1386
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Book Description
Author: United States. Superintendent of Documents
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : United States
Languages : en
Pages : 1466
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Book Description
