Application of Laser Photolysis Coupled to Time Resolved Optical Detection Methods to Study the Kinetics and Spectroscopy of Atmospherically Relevant Species PDF Download
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Author: Pranay P. Morajkar
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 154
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Book Description
OH and HO2 radicals play a vital role in many oxidation processes in the atmosphere. Thedegradation of volatile organic compounds under tropospheric conditions is induced by reaction withhydroxyl radicals followed by the subsequent chemistry of the initial OH oxidation products with O2.This thesis deals with the kinetic study of some of these atmospherically relevant reactions to betterunderstand their oxidation mechanisms using experimental techniques such as laser photolysiscoupled to detection by Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF, for OH), continuous wave- Cavity RingdownSpectroscopy (cw-CRDS, for HO2) and time resolved UV spectroscopy (UV, forHexamethylbenzene-OH adduct). Different chemical systems have been studied using the above techniques: 1) the reaction ofHO2 radicals with formaldehyde, 2) the 248 nm photolysis of acetaldehyde and 3) the OH initiatedoxidation of Hexamethyl benzene. In addition to this, the spectroscopic application of cw-CRDStechnique and UV spectroscopy has been used for the measurement of absorption cross section ofselected absorption lines of formaldehyde in the near infrared region and Hexamethylbenzene-OHadduct in the UV region respectively.
Author: Pranay P. Morajkar
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 154
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Book Description
OH and HO2 radicals play a vital role in many oxidation processes in the atmosphere. Thedegradation of volatile organic compounds under tropospheric conditions is induced by reaction withhydroxyl radicals followed by the subsequent chemistry of the initial OH oxidation products with O2.This thesis deals with the kinetic study of some of these atmospherically relevant reactions to betterunderstand their oxidation mechanisms using experimental techniques such as laser photolysiscoupled to detection by Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF, for OH), continuous wave- Cavity RingdownSpectroscopy (cw-CRDS, for HO2) and time resolved UV spectroscopy (UV, forHexamethylbenzene-OH adduct). Different chemical systems have been studied using the above techniques: 1) the reaction ofHO2 radicals with formaldehyde, 2) the 248 nm photolysis of acetaldehyde and 3) the OH initiatedoxidation of Hexamethyl benzene. In addition to this, the spectroscopic application of cw-CRDStechnique and UV spectroscopy has been used for the measurement of absorption cross section ofselected absorption lines of formaldehyde in the near infrared region and Hexamethylbenzene-OHadduct in the UV region respectively.
Author: S. D. Colson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 5
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Book Description
New nsec and psec laser spectroscopic techniques are being developed for detect of specific molecular species. In the interest of general applicability, the efficiencies of the methods are being studied and improved by changing from nsec to psec excitation conditions. For specific applications to certain types of agents, we are studying photodecomposition as a method for producting a particular fragment characteristic of that agent-type and which can be detected with high sensitivity and specificity. Keywords include: Laser, Detection, Transients, Remote sensing, Multiphoton ionization, and Transient lens.
Author: Andrew V. Pakhomov
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 246
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Book Description
Author: Robert R. Alfano
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323149588
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 458
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Book Description
Biological Events Probed by Ultrafast Laser Spectroscopy summarizes the progress in the experimental and theoretical understanding of primary phenomena occurring in biology on a picoseconds and nanosecond time scale. This book includes basic principles, survey of research results, and thinking of experts in the fields of photosynthesis, vision, hemoglobin, and DNA. This reference is organized into five parts. The primary events in the various areas of biology are reviewed in the first four parts. The last part covers the picosecond and subpicosecond laser techniques. Primary processes in photosynthesis are then discussed. This is followed by chapters on fluorescence and absorption kinetic measurements in higher plants. Subsequent chapters cover kinetic measurements in bacteria photosynthesis, theories of primary energy transfer appropriate to photosynthesis, and multiexcitation processes. Part II examines primary visual processes, including kinetic experimental work on rhodopsin and bacteriorhodopsin, and theoretical concepts on primary events in vision. The third part presents the introductory materials on the kinetic models of hemoglobin and myoglobin. It also discusses the interesting picosecond measurements on these proteins. Part IV focuses on the application of modern ultrafast temporal techniques to the study of DNA and its components, as well as DNA-dye complexes. The concluding part introduces the principles of design and operation of the solid state laser and picoseconds spectroscopy methods. A discussion on pulse generation methods and measurement techniques applicable for measuring primary events in biological systems is provided. This book is useful both for the newbies and experts in the field of ultrafast phenomena. It aims to attract biologists, chemists, physicists, and engineers who are interested in biological processes. It will help readers find all the necessary and relevant material in one presentation.
Author: Julia Ann Schafer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Laser beams
Languages : en
Pages : 546
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Book Description
Laser wave mixing is presented as a sensitive absorbance-based detection method for very low activity levels of protease enzymes. Trypsin and proteinase K enzyme activities are analyzed using casein protein covalently labeled with multiple fluorescent BODIPY dye molecules. A preliminary detection limit for trypsin is determined to be 6.34 × 10−14 M or 1.51 pg/mL. For anisotropy studies, wave mixing and fluorescence trends have inverse relationships at the onset of catalysis. Wave mixing is also investigated as a new optical method for the measurement of FRET. The relationship between the wave-mixing signal and FRET is verified using the acceptor/donor pair malachite green and erythrosin B. Resonance energy transfer between a fluorophore and a quencher molecule bound to complimentary oligonucleotide strands is studied to calculate the dye-to-dye distance on a 31-bp curved DNA fragment. The result suggests that there is a direct measurable relationship between the efficiency of resonance energy transfer and the wave-mixing signal. For the first time, wave mixing is applied to the measurement of analyte species in the inductively coupled plasma atomizer. The use of counter-propagating input beams yields sub-Doppler spectral resolution. Nonlinear optical coherence theory is used to predict and study the intensity and hyperfine profiles of atomic populations in the plasma torch. Wavelength modulation and ion line detection in the ICP are investigated for S/N enhancement. Laser wave mixing is also presented as an effective technique for kinetic temperature measurement in an atmospheric-pressure RF inductively coupled plasma using the 4s3P2 2!4p3D33 argon transition probed by a tunable 811.5-nm diode laser. Kinetic temperature measurements are made at five radial steps from the center of the torch and at four different torch heights. The kinetic temperature is determined by simultaneously measuring the line shapes of the sub-Doppler backward phase-conjugate wave-mixing signal and the Doppler-broadened forward-scattering wave-mixing signal.
Author: V. S. Letokhov
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN:
Category : Art
Languages : en
Pages : 336
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Book Description
This book provides an up-to-date critical review of the applications of picosecond and femtosecond laser pulses in biophysics and photobiology. Ultrashort laser pulses have proved to be invaluable for the investigation of the processes taking place in complex biomolecules, where there are many possible pathways via which excitation energy may transfer and relax, and for the study of the primary states of photobiochemical reactions that occur immediately after absorption of a light quantum. Many exciting results have already emerged, and in this book the contributors, who are all expert workers at the forefront of the field, review investigations carried out in the USSR and elsewhere. Many of the most recent data from Soviet work are presented here in for the first time in English outside the specialist journals. The book begins with an introductory chapter on the general principles and methods involved in the application of ultrashort laser pulses to the study of biomolecules. The remaining chapters deal with experimental work on specific biomolecules: ultrafast processes in rhodopsins, excitation energy redistribution in metallo porphyrins, energy migration and trapping in bacterial photosynthesis, two-quantum photophysics and photochemistry of thymine, picosecond uv inactivation of viruses and bacteria and picosecond laser photochemical synthesis of organic molecules. The work discussed in the monograph lies at the juction between many disciplines - spectroscopy, quantum electronics, biophysics and biochemistry - and this review will therefore to be of interest to a wide community of researchers, and the contributors hope it will therefore encourage further collaboration in this exciting field where much still awaits discovery.
Author: Tamara Felber
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: 3Island Press
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781461594604
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 512
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Chemistry
Languages : en
Pages : 2626
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Fluorescence spectroscopy
Languages : en
Pages : 510
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Book Description
