Application of Geochemical Tracers to Determine the Sources Contributing to Runoff at the Semi-arid Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed, Arizona PDF Download
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Author: Laura Nakolan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Prior observations by Koch (2005) suggest the presence of soil water mixed with current rainfall in runoff samples at the Kendall subwatershed of the USDA-Agricultural Research Service Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed (WGEW). However, previous observations elsewhere in the WGEW have shown runoff to consist mainly of current precipitation (Goodrich et al., 2004). The disparity between the two studies demonstrates a need for continued research; therefore, this study uses isotope and solute geochemical tracers to determine the sources contributing to runoff at the Lucky Hills subwatershed of the WGEW during the 2015 monsoon season. A comparison of the stable isotopes of water (2H and 18O) in runoff to those in precipitation and soil water, shows that runoff and precipitation are distinct (p 0.05), while soil water cannot be differentiated from runoff (p 0.05). However, graphical representations of chloride and sulfate concentrations in the three water sources (precipitation, soil water and runoff), conclusively reveal that there is negligible soil water present in the runoff at Lucky Hills. Therefore, it is likely that there is no soil water mixing into the runoff at the Lucky Hills subwatershed, but more research is necessary to confirm these results. Because no runoff or soil water data was generated at the Kendall subwatershed during the 2015 monsoon season, continued research is necessary to draw conclusions about the sources contributing to runoff in the Kendall subwatershed, and in other portions of the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed.
Author: Laura Nakolan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Prior observations by Koch (2005) suggest the presence of soil water mixed with current rainfall in runoff samples at the Kendall subwatershed of the USDA-Agricultural Research Service Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed (WGEW). However, previous observations elsewhere in the WGEW have shown runoff to consist mainly of current precipitation (Goodrich et al., 2004). The disparity between the two studies demonstrates a need for continued research; therefore, this study uses isotope and solute geochemical tracers to determine the sources contributing to runoff at the Lucky Hills subwatershed of the WGEW during the 2015 monsoon season. A comparison of the stable isotopes of water (2H and 18O) in runoff to those in precipitation and soil water, shows that runoff and precipitation are distinct (p 0.05), while soil water cannot be differentiated from runoff (p 0.05). However, graphical representations of chloride and sulfate concentrations in the three water sources (precipitation, soil water and runoff), conclusively reveal that there is negligible soil water present in the runoff at Lucky Hills. Therefore, it is likely that there is no soil water mixing into the runoff at the Lucky Hills subwatershed, but more research is necessary to confirm these results. Because no runoff or soil water data was generated at the Kendall subwatershed during the 2015 monsoon season, continued research is necessary to draw conclusions about the sources contributing to runoff in the Kendall subwatershed, and in other portions of the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed.
Author: Jerry R. Miller
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319132210
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 148
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This book takes an in-depth look at the theory and methods inherent in the tracing of riverine sediments. Examined tracers include multi-elemental concentration data, fallout radionuclides (e.g., 210Pb, 137Cs, 7Be), radiogenic isotopes (particularly those of Pb, Sr, and Nd), and novel (“non-traditional”) stable isotopes (e.g., Cd, Cu, Hg, and Zn), the latter of which owe their application to recent advances in analytical chemistry. The intended goal is not to replace more ‘traditional’ analyses of the riverine sediment system, but to show how tracer/fingerprinting studies can be used to gain insights into system functions that would not otherwise be possible. The text, then, provides researchers and catchment managers with a summary of the strengths and limitations of the examined techniques in terms of their temporal and spatial resolution, data requirements, and the uncertainties in the generated results. The use of environmental tracers has increased significantly during the past decade because it has become clear that documentation of sediment and sediment-associated contaminant provenance and dispersal is essential to mitigate their potentially harmful effects on aquatic ecosystems. Moreover, the use of monitoring programs to determine the source of sediments to a water body has proven to be a costly, labor intensive, long-term process with a spatial resolution that is limited by the number of monitoring sites that can be effectively maintained. Alternative approaches, including the identification and analysis of eroded upland areas and the use of distributed modeling routines also have proven problematic. The application of tracers within riverine environments has evolved such that they focus on sediments from two general sources: upland areas and specific, localized, anthropogenic point sources. Of particular importance to the former is the development of geochemical fingerprinting methods that quantify sediment provenance (and to a much lesser degree, sediment-associated contaminants) at the catchment scale. These methods have largely developed independently of the use of tracers to document the source and dispersal pathways of contaminated particles from point-sources of anthropogenic pollution at the reach- to river corridor-scale. Future studies are likely to begin merging the strengths of both approaches while relying on multiple tracer types to address management and regulatory issues, particularly within the context of the rapidly developing field of environmental forensics.
Author: Frederick W. Gelderman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Soil surveys
Languages : en
Pages : 76
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Author: Arizona Department Of Water Resources
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: W. R. Osterkamp
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Forests and forestry
Languages : en
Pages : 56
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Analyses of water- and sediment-yield records from the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed, the San Simon Wash Basin, and the Jornada Experimental Range, combined with observations of regional variations in climate, geology and soils, vegetation, topography, fire frequency, and land-use history, allow estimates of present conditions of water and sediment discharges in the upper Animas Creek Basin, New Mexico. Further, the records are used to anticipate fluxes of water and sediment should watershed conditions change. Results, intended principally for hydrologists, geomorphologists, and resource managers, suggest that discharges of water and sediment in the upper Animas Creek Basin approximate those of historic, undisturbed conditions, and that erosion rates may be generally lower than those of comparison watersheds. If conversion of grassland to shrubland occurs, sediment yields, due to accelerated upland gully erosion, may increase by 1 to 3 orders of magnitude. However, much of the released sediment would likely be deposited along Animas Creek, never leaving the upper Animas Creek Basin.
Author: Janet Jessica Reimer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Groundwater
Languages : en
Pages : 138
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Hydrography
Languages : en
Pages : 2
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Author: Robert G. Maliva
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3030110842
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 861
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The book is an overview of the diversity of anthropogenic aquifer recharge (AAR) techniques that use aquifers to store and treat water. It focusses on the processes and the hydrogeological and geochemical factors that affect their performance. This book is written from an applied perspective with a focus of taking advantage of global historical experiences, both positive and negative, as a guide to future implementation. Most AAR techniques are now mature technologies in that they have been employed for some time, their scientific background is well understood, and their initial operational challenges and associated solutions have been identified. However, opportunities exist for improved implementation and some recently employed and potential future innovations are presented. AAR which includes managed aquifer recharge (MAR) is a very important area of water resources management and there is no recent books that specifically and comprehensively addresses the subject.
Author: Sharon E. Kroening
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Earth sciences
Languages : en
Pages : 122
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Author: Fred M. Phillips
Publisher: UNM Press
ISBN: 0826349455
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 296
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The Rio Grande was ancient long before the first humans reached its banks. These days, the highly regulated river looks nothing like it did to those early settlers. Alternately viewed as a valuable ecosystem and life-sustaining foundation of community welfare or a commodity to be engineered to yield maximum economic benefit, the Rio Grande has brought many advantages to those who live in its valley, but the benefits have come at a price. This study examines human interactions with the Rio Grande from prehistoric time to the present day and explores what possibilities remain for the desert river. From the perspectives of law, development, tradition, and geology, the authors weigh what has been gained and lost by reining in the Rio Grande.
