Apparent Anomaly in Freezing of Ordinary Water PDF Download
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Author: George K. Swinzow
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Ice
Languages : en
Pages : 36
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Book Description
Author: George K. Swinzow
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Ice
Languages : en
Pages : 36
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Book Description
Author: George K. Swinzow
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Under ordinary conditions, the freezing of water begins with supercooling and ice nucleation, and proceeds at 0 C at the ice/water interface until ice formation stops. The presence of solutes, high pressure, or dispersal in fine pores causes the water to freeze at temperatures below 0 C (the so-called freezing point depression). Whenever freezing begins, it proceeds at a constant temperature, or at a temperature which becomes progressively lower. A temperature rise during ice formation is considered here to be an anomaly. Under all equal circumstances, the conditions under which an anomalous freezing temperature is observable appear to be very special. This report describes two different experiments displaying the anomalous rise of temperature after nucleation and during ice formation. In one case the water was dispersed in the fine pores of fine powders; in the other case pure water was frozen in a transparent insulated cell. Photographic observations were made; relations of ice surface to water volume were measured. (Author).
Author: Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (U.S.)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Frozen ground
Languages : en
Pages : 36
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Author: Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (U.S.)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Frozen ground
Languages : en
Pages : 716
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aeronautics
Languages : en
Pages : 548
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Public administration
Languages : en
Pages : 1228
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Author: George K. Swinzow
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Polywater
Languages : en
Pages : 48
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Book Description
An anomalous liquid phase forming in an atmosphere of reduced water vapor pressure was investigated. The liquid was grown in capillary tubes. Technical experimental refinements resulted in high nucleation rates not previously observed. An examination of vapor pressures disclosed the relationship of nucleation growth and equilibria of anomalous water. The possibility of nucleation and growth of anomalous water on flat surfaces was confirmed by observation. Anomalous water was nucleated and grown on glass, quartz, Teflon, polyethylene and metal. Growth rates on free flat surfaces were higher, and the total amount of fluid obtained was several orders of magnitude higher, than those obtained from capillary tubes. Refractive indexes and other properties were measured directly. The new method of growing anomalous water outside capillary tubes is an advantage that may lead to large-scale production. Neither investigation of nor conclusion on the nature of the substance was made. Its low freezing temperature, high boiling temperature, low vapor pressure and high viscosity, reported by previous investigators and observed by the author, are of primary importance and justify a search for large-scale preparation methods. (Author).
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Hydrology
Languages : en
Pages : 1216
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Government publications
Languages : en
Pages : 2248
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cosmic physics
Languages : en
Pages : 686
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