Analysis of the Molecular Mechanisms of Isoform-specific Transcriptional Regulation by Thyroid Hormone Receptors PDF Download
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Author: Zhihong Yang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 238
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Book Description
Author: Zhihong Yang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 238
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Book Description
Author: Wei Wan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 370
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Book Description
Author: Jeffrey Morse Holloway
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 390
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Book Description
Author: Anders Michael Näär
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 426
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Book Description
Author: G.R. Williams
Publisher: Springer
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 160
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Book Description
This book covers the historical perspective and physiological background of the role of thyroid hormones. In both specific target tissues and during development, it provides clinical perspectives and physiological and developmental implications of the interactions between retinoid and vitamin D3 signalling pathways.
Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0080911986
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 413
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Book Description
Regulatory Mechanisms in Transcriptional Signaling, volume of Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science, includes in-depth discussion on roles of Chromatin remodeling proteins in nuclear receptor signaling, and the ANCCA regulator in cancer. This important resource, edited by Dr. Debabrata (Debu) Chakravarti, offers research on the progesterone receptor action in leiomyoma and endometrial cancer and emerging roles of the ubiquitin protein system in nuclear hormone receptor signaling to provide the reader with expert discussions of up-to-date research.
Author: Theresa Qui Phan
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781109662948
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) and retinoic acid receptors (RARs) are members of the nuclear hormone receptor family. These ligand-regulated transcription factors bind to specific DNA sequences, called response elements, as homodimers or heterodimers with retinoid-X receptor (RXR) and regulate specific target genes. In the absence of hormone, TR and RAR repress transcription by recruiting corepressor complexes. In the presence of hormone, a coactivator complex is recruited and results in transcriptional activation. TRs and RARs are highly structurally conserved and possess very similar DNA binding domains. Despite these similarities, these receptors bind to different response elements in the genome, regulate different target genes, and control distinct physiological processes. The work presented in this dissertation identifies the DNA recognition properties of TR and RAR that account for these receptors' response element binding specificity and, subsequently, their distinct physiological responses. While response elements based on the consensus half-site are high affinity binding sites for TR and RAR, they show poor specificity. In contrast, the variations in half-site sequence, flanking sequences, and spacing found in natural TR and RAR target genes generate response elements that are bound in vitro and transcriptionally activated in vivo in a receptor-specific manner. Not all DNA sequences that bind TR or RAR efficiently in vitro are able to confer transcriptional regulation in vivo; we provide evidence that auxiliary proteins in cells may destabilize the binding of nuclear receptors to improperly spaced response elements to generate an additional layer of receptor-specific target gene recognition.
Author: Aria Baniahmad
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1592591744
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 232
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Book Description
A panel of outstanding investigators surveys and explains the major cutting-edge methods used in thryroid receptor (TR) research and explains their practical experimental details. Described in step-by-step detail to ensure robust experimental results, the techniques presented cover a wide variety of key areas, including TR in development and knockout (mouse and Xenopus), transcriptional regulation by TRs in both cell-free systems and in living cells, and TR mutant analysis of patients. Additional methods provide powerful tools for the isolation of TR-regulated protein complexes, for studying the oncogene v-Erba in blood cell differentiation, and for target gene analysis in the brain. Microarray chip methods are also presented for analyzing the organs of transgenic mice to identify target genes in the liver.
Author: Georg Hennemann
Publisher: Marcel Dekker
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 656
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Book Description
Author: Margaret A. Shupnik
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 456
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Book Description
During the past five to ten years, a variety of tools has been developed in the disciplines of both gene engineering, and molecular and structural biology. Some of these advances have permitted scientists not only to identify and characterize genes, but also to target these genes by disruption, thus eliminating their function in living animals, and to det- mine the biological responses to altered gene products. This has particular significance in endocrine systems, in which feedback mechanisms between the hypothalamus, pi- itary, and end organs are critical in normal physiology. Interpretation of the physiological significance, or the site of action of specific molecules in this context, has been difficult prior to transgenic technology. Major advances have occurred specifically in the areas of growth and development, and of reproduction. Coupled with analysis of naturally occurring mutations in humans, the use of transgenic animals and in vitro systems has recently allowed endocrinologists to understand the importance of specific thyroid hormone receptor isoforms in vivo, the molecular basis for generalized resistance to thyroid hormones via mutations in the nuclear receptor, and mechanisms for suppressing gene transcription. Previously designated “orphan rec- tors,” such as steroidogenic factor-1, were demonstrated to have critical roles in dev- opment and reproduction. Other nuclear receptors—including those for thyroid hormone, estrogens, androgens, and progesterone—were shown to bind to coactivator and co- pressor proteins that modified their transcriptional activity, and contributed to the ce- specific effects of the hormones.
