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Author: Chris Potter
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Fire ecology
Languages : en
Pages : 8
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Book Description
The density of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) sapling regeneration was mapped in areas burned during the 1988 wildfires across Yellowstone National Park (YNP), Wyoming, USA. Hyperspectral image analysis and field measurements were combined across the entire YNP extent. Airborne Visible Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) image data from 2006 were used to compute ten different vegetation indices (VI). The ten VIs were combined to build multiple regression models for predicting and mapping post-fire sapling density. Four different forms of regression modeling were applied to derive the highest possible prediction accuracy (correlation coefficient of R2 = 0.83). Pine sapling regeneration 19 years after large-scale wildfires showed a high level of variability in patch density (ranging from 14/100 ha to 57/100 ha), whereas sapling density measured previously from the first decade following wildfire was more uniform (10/100 ha to 21/100 ha). The ecosystem-level clumpiness index showed major shifts in aggregation of different sapling density classes, and was consistent with an overall decrease in estimated sapling density of nearly 50% between 1998 and 2007. This analysis revealed important succession patterns and processes in post-fire forest regeneration for the Greater Yellowstone Area (GYA).
Author: Chris Potter
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Fire ecology
Languages : en
Pages : 8
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Book Description
The density of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) sapling regeneration was mapped in areas burned during the 1988 wildfires across Yellowstone National Park (YNP), Wyoming, USA. Hyperspectral image analysis and field measurements were combined across the entire YNP extent. Airborne Visible Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) image data from 2006 were used to compute ten different vegetation indices (VI). The ten VIs were combined to build multiple regression models for predicting and mapping post-fire sapling density. Four different forms of regression modeling were applied to derive the highest possible prediction accuracy (correlation coefficient of R2 = 0.83). Pine sapling regeneration 19 years after large-scale wildfires showed a high level of variability in patch density (ranging from 14/100 ha to 57/100 ha), whereas sapling density measured previously from the first decade following wildfire was more uniform (10/100 ha to 21/100 ha). The ecosystem-level clumpiness index showed major shifts in aggregation of different sapling density classes, and was consistent with an overall decrease in estimated sapling density of nearly 50% between 1998 and 2007. This analysis revealed important succession patterns and processes in post-fire forest regeneration for the Greater Yellowstone Area (GYA).
Author: Prasad S. Thenkabail
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 0429775156
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 524
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Book Description
Written by leading global experts, including pioneers in the field, the four-volume set on Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of Vegetation, Second Edition, reviews existing state-of-the-art knowledge, highlights advances made in different areas, and provides guidance for the appropriate use of hyperspectral data in the study and management of agricultural crops and natural vegetation. Volume IV, Advanced Applications in Remote Sensing of Agricultural Crops and Natural Vegetation discusses the use of hyperspectral or imaging spectroscopy data in numerous specific and advanced applications, such as forest management, precision farming, managing invasive species, and local to global land cover change detection. It emphasizes the importance of hyperspectral remote sensing tools for studying vegetation processes and functions as well as the appropriate use of hyperspectral data for vegetation management practices. The concluding chapter provides readers with useful guidance on the highlights and essence of Volume IV through the editors’ perspective. Key Features of Volume IV: Guides readers to harness the capabilities of the most recent advances in applying hyperspectral remote sensing technology to the study of terrestrial vegetation. Includes specific applications on agriculture, crop management practices, study of crop stress and diseases, crop characteristics based on inputs (e.g., nitrogen, irrigation), study of vegetation impacted by heavy metals, gross and net primary productivity studies, light use efficiency studies, crop water use and actual evapotranspiration studies, phenology monitoring, land use and land cover studies, global change studies, plant species detection, wetland and forest characterization and mapping, crop productivity and crop water productivity mapping, and modeling. Encompasses hyperspectral or imaging spectroscopy data in narrow wavebands used across visible, red-edge, near-infrared, far-infrared, shortwave infrared, and thermal portions of the spectrum. Explains the implementation of hyperspectral remote sensing data processing mechanisms in a standard, fast, and efficient manner for their applications. Discusses cloud computing to overcome hyperspectral remote sensing massive big data challenges. Provides hyperspectral analysis of rocky surfaces on the earth and other planetary systems.
Author: Daniel M. Kashian
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 234
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Book Description
Author: Monica Goigel Turner
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Fire ecology
Languages : en
Pages : 25
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Book Description
Causes and implications of spatial variability in postfire tree density and understory plant cover for patterns of aboveground net primary production (ANPP) and leaf area index (LAI) were examined in ninety 11-year-old lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm.) stands across the landscape of Yellowstone National Park (YNP), Wyoming, USA. Field studies and aerial photography were used to address three questions: (1) What is the range and spatial pattern of lodgepole pine sapling density across the burned Yellowstone landscape and what factors best explain this variability? (2) How do ANPP and LAI vary across the landscape and is their variation explained by abiotic factors, sapling density, or both? (3) What is the predicted spatial pattern of ANPP and LAI across the burned Yellowstone landscape? Stand density spanned six orders of magnitude, ranging from zero to 535,000 saplings ha?1, and it decreased with increasing elevation and with increasing distance from unburned forest (r2=0.37). Postfire densities mapped from 1:30,000 aerial photography revealed that 66% of the burned area had densities less than 5000 saplings ha?1 and approximately 25% had densities greater than 10,000 saplings ha?1; stand density varied spatially in a fine-grained mosaic. New allometric equations were developed to predict aboveground biomass, ANPP, and LAI of lodgepole pine saplings and the 25 most common herbaceous and shrub species in the burned forests. These allometrics were then used with field data on sapling size, sapling density, and percent cover of graminoid, forb, and shrub species to compute stand-level ANPP and LAI. Total ANPP averaged 2.8 Mg ha?1y?1 but ranged from 0.04 to 15.12 Mg ha?1y?1. Total LAI averaged 0.80 m2 m?2 and ranged from 0.01 to 6.87 m2 m?2. Variation in ANPP and LAI was explained by both sapling density and abiotic factors (elevation and soil class) (ANOVA, r2=0.80); abiotic variables explained 51%?54% of this variation. The proportion of total ANPP contributed by herbaceous plants and shrubs declined sharply with increasing sapling density (r2=0.72) and increased with elevation (r2=0.36). However, total herbaceous productivity was always less than 2.7 Mg ha?1 y?1, and herbaceous productivity did not compensate for tree production when trees were sparse. When extrapolated to the landscape, 68% of the burned landscape was characterized by ANPP values less than 2.0 Mg ha?1y?1, 22% by values ranging from 2 to 4 Mg ha?1y?1, and the remaining 10% by values greater than 4 Mg ha?1y?1. The spatial patterns of ANPP and LAI were less heterogeneous than patterns of sapling density but still showed fine-grained variation in rates. For some ecosystem processes, postfire spatial heterogeneity within a successional stage may be similar in magnitude to the temporal variation observed through succession.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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This report describes the usefulness of remote-sensing data in a water-resources study of Yellowstone National Park by delineating warm and cool ground-water areas. Remote-sensing data from aircraft missions in August 1966, September 1967, August 1969, and May 1970 were compared with reconnaissance, ground-temperature surveys, and test-hole data. Thermal-water discharge areas can be determined from infrared imagery and photography from the aircraft missions. Contrasts on infrared imagery caused by differences in vegetative cover, particularly between forested and nonforested areas, often mask the effects of ground-water temperature differences. The imagery, however, shows relatively warm and cool land surface in some areas. Color and color infrared photographs have been useful in reconnaissance. Aerial photographs and field studies of snowpack conditions indicated the usefulness of aerial photography taken during spring snowmelt to determine relatively cool and warm land-surface areas. A snowline in Nez Perce Creek Valley corresponds to a boundary between cool and warm ground water that was determined from augered test holes and ground-temperature surveys. Remnants of the snowpack correlate well with cool areas interpreted from infrared imagery. Relatively cool areas are easier to determine from photographs of snowpack than they are from infrared imagery. Thermal-contour maps could be made from a series of aerial photographs or repetitive data from a satellite taken during the melting of the snowpack.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Forests and forestry
Languages : en
Pages : 888
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Book Description
Author: Phillip E. Farnes
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Precipitation (Meteorology)
Languages : en
Pages : 16
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Book Description
In April 2002, a personnel services contract was initiated between Yellowstone National Park (Tom Olliff, Chief, Branch of Natural Resources) and Snowcap Hydrology to obtain necessary snow measurements to develop snowmelt patterns on permanent plots established on Mount Washburn after the 1988 fires. Information was to be provided to Dr. Diana Tomback to use in her study on the STATUS OF WHITEBARK PINE REGENERATION IN THE GREATER YELLOWSTONE AREA FOLLOWING THE 1988 FIRES: BURNED VS. UNBURNED FORESTS AND MESIC VS ZERIC CONDITIONS; ASSESSMENT OF BLISTER RUST INFECTION IN SEEDLINGS. This project was permitted under number YELL-2002-SCI-0205. Additional investigators on this project were Dr. Anna Schoettle, USFS Fort Collins, Colorado and Phil Farnes, Snowcap Hydrology, Bozeman, Montana. The results of 2002 were reported in SNOWMELT PATTERNS AS PREDICTORS OF POST-FIRE WHITEBARK PINE REGENERATION DENSITIES ON MOUNT WASHBURN, YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK, Snowmelt on Whitebark Pine Plots, Spring 2002 dated July 2002. --Excerpt from introduction.
Author: Rebecca A. Reed
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Forest regeneration
Languages : en
Pages : 7
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Book Description
Aboveground net primary production (ANPP) and leaf-area index (LAI) of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm. ex Wats.) saplings and aboveground productivity of herbaceous vegetation components were determined 9 years after the 1988 fires in Yellowstone National Park (YNP). Measurements were made in four sites representing a wide range of early postfire vegetation present in YNP, including high-density lodgepole pine, low-density lodgepole pine, and two nonforest stands. LAI of the pine saplings and total ANPP (trees plus herbs) generally increased with increasing sapling density, from 0.002 m2 m- 2 and 0.25 Mg ha- 1 year- 1 in the infertile nonforest stand (100 pine saplings ha- 1) to 1.8 m2 m- 2 and 4.01 Mg ha- 1 year- 1 in the high-density pine stand (62,800 saplings ha- 1). Aboveground herbaceous productivity was not strongly correlated with sapling density, but appeared to be influenced by soil fertility. In the high-density pine stand, tree ANPP and LAI were within the lower range of values reported for similar mature coniferous forests. This finding suggests that at least some ecosystem processes (related to ANPP and LAI) may have nearly recovered after only 9 years of postfire succession, in at least some of the young forests developing after the 1988 Yellowstone fires.
Author: Robert Klinger
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2832551734
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 206
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Book Description
Numerous hypotheses have been proposed to explain the dynamics in abundance of individual species, how species interact, how communities assemble, and how interactions between biotic and abiotic processes shape ecosystem stability. Many if not most of these hypotheses find some degree of support, but often only within relatively narrow spatial and temporal ranges. This is because conditions vary over time and from place to place, and so the strength and extent of processes that were the focus of a given a hypothesis become altered by other forces. Ecologists have confronted variability from two perspectives; conceptual and statistical. Conceptually, spatial and temporal variability are now recognized as being scale dependent and hierarchical. Statistically, there are many models that ecologists readily use that account for the hierarchical and scale-dependence of variability present in many datasets. But linking the two perspectives into a meaningful understanding of what variability means in real systems has been much less successful. For example, it is common to see studies where the fixed effects of a generalized linear mixed model are reported, but very often random effects are completely ignored or, at best, given scant attention. The likelihood of this being a significant problem increases greatly in what are rapidly becoming more common studies that utilize datasets spanning long temporal and/or large spatial scales, or when extreme and often unpredictable events (gray and black swans) occur.
Author: Robert E. Keane
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319090151
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 195
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Book Description
A new era in wildland fuel sciences is now evolving in such a way that fire scientists and managers need a comprehensive understanding of fuels ecology and science to fully understand fire effects and behavior on diverse ecosystem and landscape characteristics. This is a reference book on wildland fuel science; a book that describes fuels and their application in land management. There has never been a comprehensive book on wildland fuels; most wildland fuel information was put into wildland fire science and management books as separate chapters and sections. This book is the first to highlight wildland fuels and treat them as a natural resource rather than a fire behavior input. Moreover, there has never been a comprehensive description of fuels and their ecology, measurement, and description under one reference; most wildland fuel information is scattered across diverse and unrelated venues from combustion science to fire ecology to carbon dynamics. The literature and data for wildland fuel science has never been synthesized into one reference; most studies were done for diverse and unique objectives. This book is the first to link the disparate fields of ecology, wildland fire, and carbon to describe fuel science. This just deals with the science and ecology of wildland fuels, not fuels management. However, since expensive fuel treatments are being planned in fire dominated landscapes across the world to minimize fire damage to people, property and ecosystems, it is incredibly important that people understand wildland fuels to develop more effective fuel management activities.
