Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Heterogeneous Samples PDF Download
Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Heterogeneous Samples PDF full book. Access full book title Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Heterogeneous Samples by Chanan Sluszny. Download full books in PDF and EPUB format.
Author: Chanan Sluszny
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 165
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Chanan Sluszny
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 165
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Languages : en
Pages : 500
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author:
Publisher: National Academies
ISBN:
Category : Air
Languages : en
Pages : 486
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Wang Huiyong
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Extraction (Chemistry)
Languages : en
Pages : 232
Get Book Here
Book Description
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are important environmental pollutants originating from a wide variety of natural and anthropogenic sources. Because many of them are highly suspect as etiological agents in human cancer, chemical analysis of PAH is of great environmental and toxicological importance. Current methodology for PAH follows the classical pattern of sample preparation and chromatographic analysis. Sample preparation pre-concentrates PAH, simplifies matrix composition, and facilitates analytical resolution in the chromatographic column. Among the several approaches that exist to pre-concentrate PAH from water samples, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recommends the use of solid-phase extraction (SPE). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) are the basis for standard PAH identification and determination. Ultraviolet (UV) absorption and room temperature fluorescence detection are both widely used in HPLC, but the specificity of these detectors is modest. Since PAH identification is solely based on retention times, unambiguous PAH identification requires complete chromatographic resolution of sample components. When HPLC is applied to "unfamiliar" samples, the EPA recommends that a supporting analytical technique such as GC-MS be applied to verify compound identification and to check peak-purity HPLC fractions. Independent of the volume of extracted water, the approximate time required to separate and determine the sixteen "priority pollutants" (EPA-PAH) via HPLC is approximately 60min. If additional GC-MS analysis is required for unambiguous PAH determination, the total analysis time will reach 2-3 hours per sample. If the concentrations of target species are found to lie outside the detector's response range, the sample must be diluted and the process repeated. These are important considerations when routine analysis of numerous samples is contemplated. Parent PAH are relatively inert and need metabolic activation to express their carcinogenicity. By virtue of the rich heterogeneous distribution of metabolic products they produce, PAH provide a full spectrum of the complexity associated with understanding the initial phase of carcinogenesis. PAH metabolites include a variety of products such as expoxides, hydroxyl aromatics, quinines, dihydrodiols, dioepoxides, tetrols and water soluble conjugates. During the past decades tremendous efforts have been made to develop bio-analytical techniques that possess the selectivity and sensitivity for the problem at hand. Depending on the complexity of the sample and the relative concentrations of the targeted metabolites, a combination of sample preparation techniques is often necessary to reach the limits of detection of the instrumental method of analysis. The numerous preparation steps open ample opportunity to metabolite loss and collection of inaccurate data. Separation of metabolites has been accomplished via HPLC, capillary electrophoresis (CE) and GC-MS. Unfortunately, the existence of chemically related metabolic products with virtually identical fragmentation patterns often challenges the specificity of these techniques. This dissertation presents significant improvements in various fronts. Its first original component--which we have named solid-phase nano-extraction (SPNE)--deals with the use of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) as extracting material for PAH. The advantages of SPNE are demonstrated for the analysis of PAH in water samples via both HPLC and Laser-Excited Time-Resolved Shpol'skii Spectroscopy (LETRSS). The same concept is then extended to the analysis of monohydroxy-PAH in urine samples via SPE- HPLC and In-Capillary SPNE-CE. The second original component of this dissertation describes the application of Shpol'skii Spectroscopy to the analysis of polar PAH metabolites. The outstanding selectivity and sensitivity for the direct analysis of PAH at trace concentration levels has made Shpol'skii spectroscopy a leading technique in environmental analysis. Unfortunately, the requirement of a specific guest-host combination--typically a non-polar PAH dissolved in an n-alkane-- has hindered its widespread application to the field of analytical chemistry. This dissertation takes the first steps in removing this limitation demonstrating its feasibility for the analysis of polar benzopyrene metabolites in alcohol matrixes.
Author:
Publisher: World Health Organization
ISBN:
Category : House & Home
Languages : en
Pages : 488
Get Book Here
Book Description
This book presents WHO guidelines for the protection of public health from risks due to a number of chemicals commonly present in indoor air. The substances considered in this review, i.e. benzene, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, naphthalene, nitrogen dioxide, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (especially benzo[a]pyrene), radon, trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene, have indoor sources, are known in respect of their hazardousness to health and are often found indoors in concentrations of health concern. The guidelines are targeted at public health professionals involved in preventing health risks of environmental exposures, as well as specialists and authorities involved in the design and use of buildings, indoor materials and products. They provide a scientific basis for legally enforceable standards.
Author: Harold Egan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Analytical chemistry
Languages : en
Pages : 264
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Frederick Mikio Kaisaki
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Polycyclic hydrocarbons
Languages : en
Pages : 190
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author:
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN:
Category : Air
Languages : en
Pages : 482
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Guilherme C. Bandeira
Publisher: Nova Science Publishers
ISBN: 9781622574735
Category : Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Get Book Here
Book Description
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are high molecular weight, aromatic compounds containing two or more benzene rings joined together in different ways. They belong to a group of persistent organic pollutants (POPs); are resistant to degradation; and can remain in the environment for long periods with the potential to cause adverse environmental and health effects. This book discusses the chemistry, occurrence and health issues related to PAHs. Topics include PAHs in foods and herbal medicines; biomonitoring of PAHs by pine needles; thermodynamics and phase behavior of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons mixtures; occurrence of polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons in cephalopods; children environmentally exposed to PAHs and at risk of genotoxic effects; analysis of PAHs in environmental solid samples; the chemical and electronic properties of PAHs; and the determination of PAHs in drinking water sources.
Author: Walter B. Wilson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 202
Get Book Here
Book Description
Additional work related to the development of methodology for the analysis of PAHs has been reported in the following publications: H. Wang, W.B. Wilson and A.D. Campiglia*, Using gold nanoparticles to improve the recovery and the limits of detection for the analysis of monohydroxy-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, J. Chromatogr. A. 2009, 1216, 5793-5799. H. Wang, G. Knobel, W.B. Wilson, K. Calimag-Williams and A.D. Campiglia*, Gold nanoparticles deposited capillaries for in-capillary microextraction capillary zone electrophoresis of monohydroxy-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Electrophoresis, 2011, 32, 720-727. A.A. Costa, W.B. Wilson, H. Wang, A.D. Campiglia*, J.A. Dias and S.C.L. Dias, Comparison of BEA, USY and ZSM-5 for the quantitative extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from water samples, Micro. Meso. Mater. 2012, 149, 186-192. W.B. Wilson, A.A. Costa, H. Wang, J.A. Dias, S.C.L. Dias and A.D. Campiglia, Analytical evaluation of BEA zeolite for the pre-concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their subsequent chromatographic analysis in water samples, Anal. Chim. Acta 2012, 733, 103-109. W.B. Wilson, E.C. Heider, A.D. Campiglia, and F. Barbosa, Low-temperature multidimensional luminescence spectroscopy for the analysis of polycyclic aromatic compounds, Current Topics in Anal. Chem. 2012, 9, 1-23. W.B. Wilson, A.A. Costa, H. Wang, J.A. Dias, S.C.L. Dias and A.D. Campiglia*, Pre-concentration of water samples via BEA zeolites for the direct determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with laser-excited time-resolved Shpol'skii spectroscopy, Microchem. J. 2013, 110, 246-255.
