Analysis of Microstructural Response and Resulting Mechanical Properties of As-cast and Austempered Ductile Irons to Laser Surface Melting PDF Download
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Author: Walter L. Riggs
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 202
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Author: Walter L. Riggs
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 202
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Author: Duncan Colin Putman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Austempered ductile iron (ADI) has a microstructure consisting mainly of high carbon austenite, bainitic ferrite and graphite nodules, produced by a two stage austenitisation and austempering heat treatment. The resulting microstructure gives these materials a combination of high strength and toughness, making them attractive for a wide range of applications. To increase surface hardness, ductile iron alloys can also be cast into chilled moulds to induce carbide formation in the required areas of components. These chilled ductile iron alloys can also be subjected to austenitisation and austempering heat treatments, therefore further improving the mechanical properties of the components core, whilst retaining the hard carbides present in the surface layers. This work encompasses three main areas; two are concerned with the production of generic microstructure models, which work in conjunction with thermodynamic modelling software MTDATA, and one relates to high temperature X-ray diffraction experiments. The first modelling section details how a computer program was developed that can be used to investigate how chemical composition influences the chill tendency of ductile iron alloys. The model predictions were shown to be in good agreement with a wide range of experimental measurements. The second modelling section considers ADI alloys. A computer program was developed which, given the chemical composition and austenitisation and austempering temperatures, produces a prediction of the microstructure of the alloy at the end of stage 1 of the austempering heat treatment, taking into account segregation of alloying elements. Experimental segregation profiles produced during this work showed good agreement with the model predictions. Furthermore, predictions of the stage 1 transformation kinetics as a function of alloying element segregation, are also made by the model. Therefore, the local microstructural transformation times during austempering can be predicted. Good agreement has been observed between phase volume fractions, transformation times and mechanical property predictions made using the model and those found in literature, therefore a useful tool for new alloy development has been produced. High temperature X-ray diffraction experiments were also performed as part of this work. Microstructures typical of ADI alloys were produced during these experiments, although small quantities of pearlite were observed in the samples, and care was taken to minimise any effects of decarburisation and/or oxidation. The austenite carbon content was monitored during austenitisation and austempering, enabling comparisons to be made between high temperature and low temperature X-ray diffraction measurements in ADI alloys.
Author: Prashanth Konda Gokuldoss
Publisher: MDPI
ISBN: 3039285785
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 98
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Additive manufacturing (AM) is one of the manufacturing processes that warrants the attention of industrialists, researchers, and scientists. AM has the ability to fabricate materials to produce parts with complex shapes without any theoretical restrictions combined with added functionalities. Selective laser melting (SLM), also known as laser-based powder bed processing (LPBF), is one of the main AM process that can be used to fabricate wide variety of materials that are Al-, Ti-, Fe-, Ni-, Co-, W-, Ag-, and Au-based, etc. However, several challenges need to be addressed systematically, such as development of new materials that suit the SLM process conditions so the process capabilities can be fully used to produce new properties in these materials. Other issues in the field are the lack of microstructure–property correlations, premature failure, etc. Accordingly, this Special Issue (book) focuses mainly on the microstructure-correlation in three different alloys: AlSi10Mg, Ti6Al4V, and 304L stainless steel, where six articles are presented. Hence, this Special Issue outlines microstructure–property correlations in the SLM processed materials and provides a value addition to the field of AM.
Author:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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This study describes the resistance to penetration and the damage to austempered ductile iron (ADI) from ballistic impacL The resistance to penetration is determined with an average velocity with a 50% probability for complete penetration, the V-50 ballistic limit. The responses of the ADI material to impact are shown by observations of penetration modes, microstructural changes, and fracture topographies. Mechanical properties and ballistic limits are shown for two variations of the austemper process. ADI targets reveal a capability for multiple impacts without structural failures. Penetration modes include ductile hole growth, radial fracture, petaling, and scabbing. V-50 velocities of ADI with lower values of hardness and strength are equal or greater than the V-50 velocities of ADI with higher values of hardness and strength. Graphite spheroids of this ductile cast iron appear to affect plastic deformation and penetration modes by localizing stresses, microstructural changes, and fracture.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Metallurgy
Languages : en
Pages : 1076
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Author: Miguel Angel Yescas-Gonzáles
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: A. Hamed Ali
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: P. Atanda
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Ductile iron
Languages : en
Pages : 11
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The effect of process parameters on the mechanical properties of iso-thermally treated ductile irons was investigated in this study. Sets of ductile irons produced by sandwich method from a rotary furnace melt were given iso-thermal austempering treatments using commercial neutral salt baths. The samples were preheated at 350°C and held for 1 h in a muffle furnace, followed by ausenitizing in an ausenitizing salt bath furnace containing a mixture of BaCl2 and NaCI, (in the ratio 3:2) at 900°C and soaking at that temperature for 1 h. The samples were immediately transferred to the austempering salt bath furnace containing a mixture of NaNO3 and KNO2 in the ratio 1:1. Sets of the samples were soaked at 300°C for between 5 to 240 min and were all later cooled in air. The austempering procedure was repeated at 350 and 400°C for a second and third groups of samples, respectively. The results showed that austempering at lower temperature (300°C) produced a relatively high tensile strength of 1400 MPa, after 150 min holding compared with austempering at the higher temperature (400°C) which produced a relatively lower strength of 1200 MPa at the same holding time. However, the optimal processing window for the austempering was established to be the intermediate temperature of 350°C after a holding time of 150 min. At this processing window, austempering yielded the optimum combination of mechanical properties of 1502 MPa UTS, 7.5 % elongation, and impact energy of 108 J. These properties correspond to a microstructure consisting of a plate-like morphology of ausferrite and retained austenite.
Author: Gregory P. Faubert
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 160
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Author: Bulent Corlu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Iron, Nodular
Languages : en
Pages : 84
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