Anaerobic Degradation of Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Methanogenic Consortia PDF Download
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Author: Stanford University. Department of Civil Engineering
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 72
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Book Description
Author: Stanford University. Department of Civil Engineering
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 72
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Book Description
Author: Kiara L. Smith
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Anaerobic bacteria
Languages : en
Pages : 83
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Book Description
The overall goal of this work was to investigate microbial activity leading to the anaerobic degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and an organophilic clay sediment cap used at a creosote-contaminated Superfund site. To determine whether or not PAHs were being degraded under anaerobic conditions in situ, groundwater and sediment porewater samples were analyzed for metabolic biomarkers, or metabolites, formed in the anaerobic degradation of naphthalene (a low-molecular weight PAH). In addition, a groundwater push-pull method was developed to evaluate whether the transformation of deuterated naphthalene to a deuterated metabolite could be monitored in situ and if conservative rates of transformation can be defined using this method. Metabolites of anaerobic naphthalene degradation were detected in all samples that also contained significant levels of naphthalene. Anaerobic degradation of naphthalene appears to be widespread in the upland contaminated aquifer, as well as within the adjacent river sediments. A zero-order rate of transformation of naphthalene-D to naphthoic acid-D-- was calculated as 31 nM·d-1. This study is the first reported use of deuterated naphthalene to provide both conclusive evidence of the in situ production of breakdown metabolites and an in situ rate of transformation. Methane ebullition was observed in areas of the sediment cap footprint associated with organophilic clay that was used a reactive capping material to sequester mobile non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) at the site. Anaerobic slurry incubations were constructed using sediment core samples to quantify the contribution of the native sediment and the different layers of capping material (sand and organophilic clay) to the overall methane production. Substrate addition experiments using fresh, unused organophilic clay, as well as measured changes in total carbon in organophilic clay over time supported the hypothesis that microbes can use organophilic clay as a carbon source. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) directed at the mcrA gene enumerated methanogens in field samples and incubations of native sediment and capping materials. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) was also performed on DNA extracted from these samples to identify some of the predominant microorganisms within the sediment cap footprint. The organophilic clay incubations produced up to 1500 times more methane than the native sediment and sand cap incubations. The organophilic clay field sample contained the greatest number of methanogens and the native sediment contained the least. However, the native sediment incubations had greater numbers of methanogens compared to their respective field sample and comparable numbers to the organophilic clay incubation. An increase in methane production was observed with the addition of fresh, unused organophilic clay to the already active organophilic clay incubations indicating that organophilic clay stimulates methanogenesis. In addition, organophilic clay retrieved from the field lost about 10% of its total carbon over a 300-day incubation period suggesting that some component of organophilic clay may be converted to methane. DGGE results revealed that some of the predominant groups within the native sediment and sediment cap were Bacteriodetes, Firmicutes, Chloroflexi, and Deltaproteobacteria. An organism 98% similar to Syntrophus sp. was identified in the organophilic clay suggesting this organism may be working in concert with methanogens to convert the organic component of organophilic clay ultimately to methane. The capacity of organophilic clay to sequester organic contaminants will likely change over time as the organic component is removed from the clay. This, in turn, affects the use of this material as a long-term remedial strategy in reduced, contaminated environments.
Author: Terry McGenity
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9783540775881
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 4699
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Book Description
This handbook provides a comprehensive overview of microbial interactions with the major forms of hydrocarbons, oils, and lipids in or entering the biosphere. It is the definitive resource on the physiological mechanisms and adaptive strategies characteristic of the microbial lifestyle that plays out at hydrophobic material: aqueous liquid interfaces.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 450
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Book Description
Evaluates the applicability of an integrated anaerobic and photocatalytic treatment of abattoir wastewater containing recalcitrant aromatic hydrocarbons (AHs). An integrated anaerobic and photocatalytic system for an effective degradation of selected AHs and simultaneous biogas (methane) production will be prioritized. The focus will be on the determination of the optimal operating conditions of the two processes and their combination in order to reduce operating costs, degradation time for selected AHs and organic matter. The specific objectives of the study will be as follows. To design and apply a FBB (Fluidized Bed Bioreactor) and photocatalytic reactor (PCR) to treat abattoir wastewater. To analyze the hydrodynamics of the designed FBB system for biological wastewater treatment. To determine the effect of 25W UV-C irradiation and polymer supported TiO2 (Titanium dioxide) or ZnO (Zinc oxide) on the removal of AHs. To determine the kinetics of AHs removal during photocatalytic degradation process. To identify the intermediate compounds of photocatalysis and predict reaction pathway. To evaluate the biodegradability of the AHs and to determine the optimal operating conditions for the integrated photocatalytic-anaerobic degradation processes and biogas production.
Author: David A. Hopwood
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0080984088
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 466
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Book Description
While other texts in this area deal almost solely with the "workhorse strain" Escherischia coli, Genetics of Bacterial Diversity is the first to deal with genetics and molecular biology of the wide range of other bacteria, which carry out a whole spectrum of important scientific, medical, agricultural, and biotechnological activities. Taking genetic diversity as its theme it illustrates a range of interesting phenomena such as genetic systems controlling pathogenicity, symbiosis, chemotaxis, metabolic characteristics, and differentiation. With each chapter written by acknowledged experts, this definitive book contains up-to-the-minute information on this rapidly developing field.Written by leading experts, this text--aimed at graduate-level students and above--describes the genetics and molecular biology of a wide range of bacteria.
Author: Matthias Boll
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9783319503905
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
The book uniquely covers all aspects of anaerobic biodegradation of the environmentally important hydrocarbons. The contributions by international experts cover the molecular characterization of unique biocatalysts for oxygen-independent C-H-bond functionalization, the identification of unifying concepts, and the presentation of state-of-the-art methodologies. The current knowledge of the global importance of anaerobic hydrocarbon degradation is highlighted.
Author: Daniel Roland Shelton
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aromatic compounds
Languages : en
Pages : 224
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Book Description
Author: W.P. de Voogt
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319235737
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 204
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Book Description
Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology attempts to provide concise, critical reviews of timely advances, philosophy and significant areas of accomplished or needed endeavor in the total field of xenobiotics, in any segment of the environment, as well as toxicological implications.
Author: R. Rabus
Publisher:
ISBN: 9783318058031
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Anaerobic degradation of hydrocarbons by microorganisms was discovered only recently, but it has already proven to be a treasure chest for fundamental and environmental science as well as the chemical and oil & gas industries. Selected highlights of current research are provided in theme-focused reviews in this special topic issue. The multidisciplinary character of the subject is exemplified through contributions on alkyl-/arylalkylsuccinate synthases, substrate-specific phylogenetic clustering of enzymes, and stereochemical and co-metabolic insights into n-alkane-activating (methylalkyl) succinate synthases. The discovery of bacterial groups, previously unknown to possess alkyl-/arylalkylsuccinate synthases, is discussed. Additional topics include Mo-cofactor-dependent dehydrogenases; degradation of para-alkylated benzoates and toluenes; glycyl radical-bearing 4-hydroxyphenylacetate decarboxylase; novel carboxylation reactions; W-cofactor-containing enzymes; fermentative formation of cyclohexane carboxylate from benzoate; and methanogenic degradation of hydrocarbons. Providing an in-depth compendium of current knowledge, this publication is a valuable resource for researchers in general microbiology, biochemistry, biotechnology, synthetic biology/chemistry, microbial ecology, environmental science, and organic geochemistry.
Author: Gerold Wefer
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9783662051283
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 495
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Book Description
Ocean margins are the transitional zones between the oceans and continents. They represent dynamic systems in which numerous processes shape the environment and result in impacting the utilization and hazard potentials for humans. These processes are influenced by a variety of steering mechanisms, from mountain building and climate on the land to tectonics and sea-level fluctuations in ocean margins. This book examines various aspects of regulation for the long-term development of ocean margins, of the impact of fluids and of the dynamics of benthic life at and below the seafloor in ocean margin systems.
