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Author: Luis Isidoro Romero García
Publisher: MDPI
ISBN: 3036511423
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 224
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Book Description
Some terms, such as eco-friendly, circular economy and green technologies, have remained in our vocabulary, because the truth is that mankind is altering the planet to put its own subsistence at risk. Besides, for rationalization in the consumption of raw materials and energy, the recycling of waste through efficient and sustainable processes forms the backbone of the paradigm of a sustainable industry. One of the most relevant technologies for the new productive model is anaerobic digestion. Historically, anaerobic digestion has been developed in the field of urban wastes and wastewater treatments, but in the new challenge, its role is more relevant. Anaerobic digestion is a technologically mature biological treatment, which joins bioenergy production with the efficient removal of contaminants. This issue provides a specialized, but broad in scope, overview of the possibilities of the anaerobic digestion of lignocellulosic biomass (mainly forestry and agricultural wastes), which is expected to be a more promising substrate for the development of biorefineries. Its conversion to bioenergy through anaerobic digestion must solve some troubles: the complex lignocellulosic structure needs to be deconstructed by pretreatments and a co-substrate may need to be added to improve the biological process. Ten selected works advance this proposal into the future.
Author: Luis Isidoro Romero García
Publisher: MDPI
ISBN: 3036511423
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 224
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Book Description
Some terms, such as eco-friendly, circular economy and green technologies, have remained in our vocabulary, because the truth is that mankind is altering the planet to put its own subsistence at risk. Besides, for rationalization in the consumption of raw materials and energy, the recycling of waste through efficient and sustainable processes forms the backbone of the paradigm of a sustainable industry. One of the most relevant technologies for the new productive model is anaerobic digestion. Historically, anaerobic digestion has been developed in the field of urban wastes and wastewater treatments, but in the new challenge, its role is more relevant. Anaerobic digestion is a technologically mature biological treatment, which joins bioenergy production with the efficient removal of contaminants. This issue provides a specialized, but broad in scope, overview of the possibilities of the anaerobic digestion of lignocellulosic biomass (mainly forestry and agricultural wastes), which is expected to be a more promising substrate for the development of biorefineries. Its conversion to bioenergy through anaerobic digestion must solve some troubles: the complex lignocellulosic structure needs to be deconstructed by pretreatments and a co-substrate may need to be added to improve the biological process. Ten selected works advance this proposal into the future.
Author: Luis Isidoro Romero Garcia
Publisher:
ISBN: 9783036511436
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 224
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Book Description
Some terms, such as eco-friendly, circular economy and green technologies, have remained in our vocabulary, because the truth is that mankind is altering the planet to put its own subsistence at risk. Besides, for rationalization in the consumption of raw materials and energy, the recycling of waste through efficient and sustainable processes forms the backbone of the paradigm of a sustainable industry. One of the most relevant technologies for the new productive model is anaerobic digestion. Historically, anaerobic digestion has been developed in the field of urban wastes and wastewater treatments, but in the new challenge, its role is more relevant. Anaerobic digestion is a technologically mature biological treatment, which joins bioenergy production with the efficient removal of contaminants. This issue provides a specialized, but broad in scope, overview of the possibilities of the anaerobic digestion of lignocellulosic biomass (mainly forestry and agricultural wastes), which is expected to be a more promising substrate for the development of biorefineries. Its conversion to bioenergy through anaerobic digestion must solve some troubles: the complex lignocellulosic structure needs to be deconstructed by pretreatments and a co-substrate may need to be added to improve the biological process. Ten selected works advance this proposal into the future.
Author: Rajesh Banu
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 1838818499
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 248
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Book Description
Recent advances in technology to recover bioenergy from various feedstocks make them suitable alternatives to fossil fuel. This book contains several scientific discussions regarding microbes involved in biogas production, the anaerobic digestion process, their operation, and application for sustainable development. The book provides in-depth information about anaerobic digestion for researchers and graduate students. The editor sincerely thanks all the contributors, whose efforts have brought this book to fruition.
Author: Xavier Fonoll Almansa
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 265
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Book Description
The energy demand increase and the generation of wastes is being the major problem regarding the next generation sustainability. Both problems can be corrected through the implementation of anaerobic digestion, a waste treatment technology able to produce electricity, heat and a fertilizer. The anaerobic co-digestion between two wastes with complementary characteristics has been widely studied to improve the methane production in anaerobic digesters. However, to increase the methane production from lignocelulosics substrates is still one of the main challenges of anaerobic digestion. Lignocelulosic components are a tridimensional structure between lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose, which bonds are extremely difficult to degrade by conventional anaerobic bacteria. Besides, those components can be found in a wide range of substrates such as municipal solid wastes, agro-wastes and energy crops. In the following thesis, the increase of the economic viability of anaerobic digestion plants treating lignocelulosic materials has been studied. Initially, the transitory state while the co-substrate was changed in the anaerobic co-digestion between sewage sludge and fruit waste was studied. The stability of the reactors was not drastically affected when the co-substrate was changed, but, the use of a co-substrate with a high concentration of fibers did not improve the methane production too much. Secondly, in order to consider the valorization of lignocellulosic components through the production of by-products, the effect of these components on the municipal solid wastes anaerobic digestion performance was evaluated. When the paper waste was removed, the biodegradability of the feedstock increased allowing the specific methane production to increase. Nevertheless, the digester was more fragile against instabilities and the digestate quality decreased if short retention times are applied. Next, low-temperature and ultrasounds pretreatments, strategies that have not been used too much for the degradation of lignocellulosic components, were studied to increase the methane production during the anaerobic co-digestion of barley waste and pig manure. Low-temperature and ultrasound pretreatment increased the methane production in a 27 and 12% respectively but only the first one had a positive energy balance. Finally, rumen, a waste from the slaughterhouse industry was used as inoculum and as co-substrate to bring hydrolytic bacteria able to improve the degradation of Napier grass. The results showed that, when rumen is used as inoculum it need to be mixed with an inoculum with high buffer capacity and a co-substrate with alkalinity need to be used to avoid long start-up periods. The methane production only increased at the beginning and in a long-term, the microbial community was governed by the substrate and not by the rumen. However, rumen did not increase the methane production when it was used as a co-substrate because the digester conditions were not optimal for the activity of hydrolytic bacteria. All the experiments were carried out in the laboratory and the conclusions are considered a progress for the energy production through the use of lignocellulosic substrates.
Author: Ashok Pandey
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128003960
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 273
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Book Description
Pretreatment of Biomass provides general information, basic data, and knowledge on one of the most promising renewable energy sources—biomass for their pretreatment—which is one of the most essential and critical aspects of biomass-based processes development. The quest to make the environment greener, less polluted, and less hazardous has led to the concept of biorefineries for developing bio-based processes and products using biomass as a feedstock. Each kind of biomass requires some kind of pretreatment to make it suitable for bioprocess. This book provides state-of-art information on the methods currently available for this. This book provides data-based scientific information on the most advanced and innovative pretreatment of lignocellulosic and algal biomass for further processing. Pretreatment of biomass is considered one of the most expensive steps in the overall processing in a biomass-to-biofuel program. With the strong advancement in developing lignocellulose biomass- and algal biomass-based biorefineries, global focus has been on developing pretreatment methods and technologies that are technically and economically feasible. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the latest developments in methods used for the pretreatment of biomass. An entire section is devoted to the methods and technologies of algal biomass due to the increasing global attention of its use. - Provides information on the most advanced and innovative pretreatament processes and technologies for biomass - Covers information on lignocellulosic and algal biomass to work on the principles of biorefinery - Useful for researchers intending to study scale-up - Provides information on integration of processes and technologies for the pretreatment of biomass
Author: Sadhan Kumar Ghosh
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9811053499
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 333
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Book Description
The book contains high-quality research papers presented at Sixth International Conference on Solid Waste Management held at Jadavpur University, Kolkata India during November 23-26, 2016. The Conference, IconSWM 2016, is organized by Centre for Quality Management System, Jadavpur University in association with premier institutes and societies of India. The researchers from more than 30 countries presented their work in Solid Waste Management. The book is divided into two volumes and deliberates on various issues related to innovation and implementation in sustainable waste management, segregation, collection, transportation of waste, treatment technology, policy and strategies, energy recovery, life cycle analysis, climate change, research and business opportunities.
Author: Michael H. Gerardi
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0471468959
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 189
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Book Description
Anaerobic digestion is a biochemical degradation process that converts complex organic material, such as animal manure, into methane and other byproducts. Part of the author's Wastewater Microbiology series, Microbiology of Anareboic Digesters eschews technical jargon to deliver a practical, how-to guide for wastewater plant operators.
Author: Phil Boone Cherosky
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 90
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Book Description
Abstract: Lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks, in particular yard waste, are highly desired for anaerobic digestion as they are widely available and tipping fees are commonly associated with disposal. The high concentration of lignin presents a major challenge for utilizing yard wastes as a feedstock for anaerobic digestion. Therefore, additional steps are necessary to increase the biodegradability of yard waste. The initial focus of this study was to test two potential methods for increasing the methane production of yard waste: pretreatment and co-digestion. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) pretreatment was studied at NaOH concentrations of 3% and 5%. It was found that 3% NaOH pretreatment had no significant improvement on methane production while 5% NaOH pretreatment had a significant negative effect on methane production. The second method studied was co-digestion of yard waste and food waste. Co-digestion at a ratio of 75% food waste and 25% yard waste showed a four-fold increase in methane yield compared to digestion of 50% food waste and 50% yard waste and a two-fold increase in methane production compared to digestion of 100% food waste. Anaerobic digestion of food waste containing protein and other sulfur containing substances produces hydrogen sulfide in biogas. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in biogas causes corrosion of metal components such as regulators, gas meters, valves, and mountings. Combustion of biogas containing H2S produces poisonous sulfur dioxide (SO2). The SO2 also dissolves in engine oil causing the oil to become acidic and lose its ability to lubricate. One method for H2S removal involves using hydrated iron oxides supported on a media comprised of wood chips or wood shavings. The iron oxide reacts with the H2S in the gas to form iron sulfide and water. This method is called an iron sponge. The second focus of this study was to test hydrogen sulfide removal using the iron sponge method. The first goal was to determine the optimum operating parameters of an iron sponge system. Using ground yard waste, ideal operating parameters for the iron sponge were determined to be 0.1875" particle size and 15%-25% moisture content. Moisture was found to be a critical factor in the operation of the H2S scrubber system. Optimum moisture content varies with particle size and the materials' ability to absorb water. The iron sponge needs water to properly facilitate H2S conversion to Fe2S3, but high moisture can be problematic. The second and primary goal of this research was to develop and test iron sponge materials using alternative media to the commercial material, SulfaMasterTM, and to identify those with equal or superior performance. An iron sponge using digested yard waste from an anaerobic digester as a media material at 25% moisture was determined to be an ideal alternative to the SulfaMasteTM material removing 90% of the hydrogen sulfide in biogas at initial levels near 1000ppm H2S. The digested yard waste had similar performance to SulfaMasterTM and is an inexpensive substitute. Ground yard waste at 0.1875" particle size performed similarly but results were more erratic. Spent tobacco was not an effective medium for the iron sponge.
Author: Iosif Mporas
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030639169
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 274
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Book Description
This open access book presents papers displayed in the 2nd International Conference on Energy and Sustainable Futures (ICESF 2020), co-organised by the University of Hertfordshire and the University Alliance DTA in Energy. The research included in this book covers a wide range of topics in the areas of energy and sustainability including: • ICT and control of energy;• conventional energy sources;• energy governance;• materials in energy research;• renewable energy; and• energy storage. The book offers a holistic view of topics related to energy and sustainability, making it of interest to experts in the field, from industry and academia.
Author: Dan Lee Brown
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 91
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Book Description
The results obtained from this study showed that lignocellulosic biomass can achieve comparable methane yields and increased volumetric productivities in SS-AD. In addition, co-digestion of food waste with yard waste demonstrated that overall methane yields and volumetric productivities could be enhanced over SS-AD of yard waste alone.
