An Investigation of Durability and Reliability of HDPE Pipe for Large Diameter Water Transmission Applications PDF Download
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Author: Divyashree
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 113
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Book Description
The drinking water infrastructure in the North America requires a durable and reliable water transmission pipe material. Thus, it is important to study pipe performance, so that water utilities can benefit from cost-effective and efficient pipe installations and longer design life. All pipe materials deteriorate overtime and every pipe has unique properties with advantages and limitations. During a pipe's life cycle, failures occur due to numerous factors such as age, loading conditions, environmental conditions, installation quality, manufacturing procedures, operation and maintenance strategies and so on. This research focuses on reliability and durability of large diameter (16 in. and larger) high density polyethylene (HDPE) pipe and specifically its fatigue performance under cyclic loading, since limited information is available on resistance of this pipe under transient pressures. To conduct this research, in addition to a comprehensive literature search, a national survey of water utilities in the North America was performed. Additionally a testing concept was developed to determine the performance of a HDPE pipe sample with recurring surges for two million cycles. This specimen was subjected to a pressure of 1.5 times Pressure Class (PC) for a 16-in., 15-ft long, DR 17, 4710 HDPE pipe with a fused joint in the middle. The results of this investigation showed that at this time, few water utilities use large diameter HDPE pipe. Those that use large diameter HDPE, majority are satisfied with the pipe performance; however, they had some concerns regarding joints and fittings as described in this thesis. Also, some utilities did not differentiate between 4710 HDPE pipe tested in this research, and older products such as 3408 and 3608. The results of testing showed that the pipe sample described above was able to withstand the 2 M cyclic loadings between 125 psi and 188 psi (1.5 times its pressure class).
Author: Divyashree
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 113
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Book Description
The drinking water infrastructure in the North America requires a durable and reliable water transmission pipe material. Thus, it is important to study pipe performance, so that water utilities can benefit from cost-effective and efficient pipe installations and longer design life. All pipe materials deteriorate overtime and every pipe has unique properties with advantages and limitations. During a pipe's life cycle, failures occur due to numerous factors such as age, loading conditions, environmental conditions, installation quality, manufacturing procedures, operation and maintenance strategies and so on. This research focuses on reliability and durability of large diameter (16 in. and larger) high density polyethylene (HDPE) pipe and specifically its fatigue performance under cyclic loading, since limited information is available on resistance of this pipe under transient pressures. To conduct this research, in addition to a comprehensive literature search, a national survey of water utilities in the North America was performed. Additionally a testing concept was developed to determine the performance of a HDPE pipe sample with recurring surges for two million cycles. This specimen was subjected to a pressure of 1.5 times Pressure Class (PC) for a 16-in., 15-ft long, DR 17, 4710 HDPE pipe with a fused joint in the middle. The results of this investigation showed that at this time, few water utilities use large diameter HDPE pipe. Those that use large diameter HDPE, majority are satisfied with the pipe performance; however, they had some concerns regarding joints and fittings as described in this thesis. Also, some utilities did not differentiate between 4710 HDPE pipe tested in this research, and older products such as 3408 and 3608. The results of testing showed that the pipe sample described above was able to withstand the 2 M cyclic loadings between 125 psi and 188 psi (1.5 times its pressure class).
Author: Chandan Venkatesh
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 99
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Book Description
The current and forecasted major challenge faced by water utilities is delivering potable water efficiently with minimum loss to end users. Water pipe failure has negative impact not only local communities but also on the nation's economy. The American Water Works Association (AWWA) has estimated that it will cost over $250 billion to replace and renew the nation's water pipes over the next 20 years. According to the 2009 American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) Report Card, seven billion gallons of water are lost in this country every day! Every pipe has unique properties with advantages and limitations. During a pipe's life cycle, failures occur due to numerous factors such as age, loading conditions, environmental conditions, installation quality, manufacturing procedures, operation and maintenance strategies and so on. The very limited information on High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) pipes created the need for this research. This thesis is a preliminary step towards understanding the HDPE pipe performance for lower and larger pipe size diameters. To achieve the objectives of this research, a nationwide survey was carried out. For the respondent utilities, the average annual failure rate for the smaller diameter pipe is 0.5 per 100 miles. Most frequent causes of failures occurring in small diameter pipes were due to joint failure. Due to lack of enough large diameter HDPE pipe respondents, the results were not conclusive.
Author: Marjan Shahrokh Esfahani
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Drainage pipes
Languages : en
Pages : 163
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Book Description
During a pipe's life cycle, failures occur due to numerous factors such as age, loading conditions, environmental conditions, installation quality, manufacturing procedures, operation and maintenance strategies and so on. Frequent pressure surges or fluctuations in a piping system may cause a fatigue failure as fatigue is one of the most important issues in water pipes due to water hammer impacts. Application of buried High Density PolyEthylene (HDPE) water pipelines has significantly increased in recent years, and PE4710 is a new member of HDPE family. So, there is not yet enough information about PE4710 long-term performance. Due to lack of enough information on resistance of large diameter HDPE pipes under transient pressures, this research focuses on post-fatigue mechanical properties of a large diameter DR17 (16in.) High Density PolyEthylene (HDPE) 4710 pipe under cyclic loading. This work consists of two parts: First, experimental work which included the fatigue tests on an HDPE pipe sample for 2,000,000 cycles. Tensile tests on the dogbone specimens cut from the fatigue tested HDPE pipe and a new pipe sample from the same manufacturer were performed to compare material properties. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) tests were done to visually show the impacts of fatigue on the molecular structure of the HDPE pipe. Second, Finite Element Modeling (FEM) were used to investigate the effects of different stress amplitudes on the HDPE pipe. The findings of this experimental study showed that after two million cycles of internal water pressure of 125 psi to 188 psi, rupture strain and tensile strength of PE4710 increased about 15% and 2% respectively, while yield strain reduced by approximately 20%. The circumferential location of dogbone specimens from the pipe sample did not have any effects on the results, but longitudinal location of specimens had impacts on fatigue mechanical properties of samples. Sections near butt-fused joint showed more reduction in yield strain and less increase in tensile strength than end sections near the end supports. The SEM test results showed initiation of micro-cracks in longitudinal direction of the pipe. Using finite element analysis, a new equation using Stress Amplitude vs. No. of Cycles (S-N) curve was developed for PE4710. It was concluded that current equations to predict fatigue life of PE4710 pipes may overestimate its fatigue life, by approximately 15%.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Culverts
Languages : en
Pages : 198
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Book Description
In the past, culvert pipes were made only of corrugated metal or reinforced concrete. In recent years, several manufacturers have made pipe of lightweight plastic - for example, high density polyethylene (HDPE) - which is considered to be viscoelastic in its structural behavior. It appears that there are several highway applications in which HDPE pipe would be an economically favorable alternative. However, the newness of plastic pipe requires the evaluation of its performance, integrity, and durability; A review of the Iowa Department of Transportation Standard Specifications for Highway and Bridge Construction reveals limited information on the use of plastic pipe for state projects. The objective of this study was to review and evaluate the use of HDPE pipe in roadway applications. Structural performance, soil-structure interaction, and the sensitivity of the pipe to installation was investigated. Comprehensive computerized literature searches were undertaken to define the state of-the-art in the design and use of HDPE pipe in highway applications. A questionnaire was developed and sent to all Iowa county engineers to learn of their use of HDPE pipe. Responses indicated that the majority of county engineers were aware of the product but were not confident in its ability to perform as well as conventional materials. Counties currently using HDPE pipe in general only use it in driveway crossings. Originally, we intended to survey states as to their usage of HDPE pipe. However, a few weeks after initiation of the project, it was learned that the Tennessee DOT was in the process of making a similar survey of state DOT's. Results of the Tennessee survey of states have been obtained and included in this report. In an effort to develop more confidence in the pipe's performance parameters, this research included laboratory tests to determine the ring and flexural stiffness of HDPE pipe provided by various manufacturers. Parallel plate tests verified all specimens were in compliance with ASTM specifications. Flexural testing revealed that pipe profile had a significant effect on the longitudinal stiffness and that strength could not be accurately predicted on the basis of diameter alone. Realizing that the soil around a buried HDPE pipe contributes to the pipe stiffness, the research team completed a limited series of tests on buried 3 ft-diameter HDPE pipe. The tests simulated the effects of truck wheel loads above the pipe and were conducted with two feet of cover. These tests indicated that the type and quality of backfill significantly influences the performance of HDPE pipe. The tests revealed that the soil envelope does significantly affect the performance of HDPE pipe in situ, and after a certain point, no additional strength is realized by increasing the quality of the backfill.
Author:
Publisher: Plastics Pipe Institute
ISBN: 9781952632006
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 620
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Book Description
Published by the Plastics Pipe Institute (PPI), the Handbook describes how polyethylene piping systems continue to provide utilities with a cost-effective solution to rehabilitate the underground infrastructure. The book will assist in designing and installing PE piping systems that can protect utilities and other end users from corrosion, earthquake damage and water loss due to leaky and corroded pipes and joints.
Author: Michael Pluimer
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780309446778
Category : Drainage pipes
Languages : en
Pages : 82
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Book Description
TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Research Report 870: Field Performance of Corrugated Pipe Manufactured with Recycled Polyethylene Content explores the use of corrugated high density polyethylene (HDPE) pipe manufactured with recycled content and proposes guidelines for manufacturing these pipes to ensure they meet the service life requirements for the given application. This project expounded on the research published in NCHRP Report 696. The research consisted of manufacturing several large diameter corrugated HDPE pipes out of various blends of virgin and post-consumer recycled (PCR) materials commonly used in land drainage applications and evaluating these pipes in the field and laboratory to determine their service life in typical installed conditions. PCR materials were the focus of this project as they are more readily available and typically used in the corrugated HDPE pipe industry than post industrial recycled materials. However, the research is applicable to both types. -- cc. http://www.trb.org/main/blurbs/176741.aspx.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309103061
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 405
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Book Description
Protecting and maintaining water distributions systems is crucial to ensuring high quality drinking water. Distribution systems-consisting of pipes, pumps, valves, storage tanks, reservoirs, meters, fittings, and other hydraulic appurtenances-carry drinking water from a centralized treatment plant or well supplies to consumers' taps. Spanning almost 1 million miles in the United States, distribution systems represent the vast majority of physical infrastructure for water supplies, and thus constitute the primary management challenge from both an operational and public health standpoint. Recent data on waterborne disease outbreaks suggest that distribution systems remain a source of contamination that has yet to be fully addressed. This report evaluates approaches for risk characterization and recent data, and it identifies a variety of strategies that could be considered to reduce the risks posed by water-quality deteriorating events in distribution systems. Particular attention is given to backflow events via cross connections, the potential for contamination of the distribution system during construction and repair activities, maintenance of storage facilities, and the role of premise plumbing in public health risk. The report also identifies advances in detection, monitoring and modeling, analytical methods, and research and development opportunities that will enable the water supply industry to further reduce risks associated with drinking water distribution systems.
Author: M. Knight
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000099563
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 437
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Book Description
A collection of papers from the international symposium "Underground Infrastructure Research: Municipal, Industrial and Environmental Applications 2001". It explores materials for buried pipelines, pipeline construction techniques and condition assessment methods, and more.
Author: American Water Works Association
Publisher: American Water Works Association
ISBN: 1583215492
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 286
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Book Description
This comprehensive manual of water supply practices explains the design, selection, specification, installation, transportation, and pressure testing of concrete pressure pipes in potable water service.
Author: Mehdi Farshad
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080463932
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 218
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Book Description
Industrial and domestic piping is increasingly made from various plastics and composites, and these materials withstand heavy use over long periods. They are, however, affected by environmental and other factors over time and can degrade, causing major problems within piping systems. Farshad's book deals with why plastic pipes and systems fail, and with how to investigate and diagnose such failures. Pipes may buckle, fracture, change in dimensions and colour, blister and delaminate, corrode through stress, be abraded and obstructed: all these cause problems and lead to loss of efficient operation of a system. The author's experience is backed up by a large data-base of results Wide target audience Only book covering the entire subject Unique approach based on long experience
