An Historical Analysis of Women’s Emergence Into Intercollegiate Athletic Leadership PDF Download
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Author: Cheyenne Luzynski
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : College sports
Languages : en
Pages : 593
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Book Description
The implementation of Title IX has increased women’s participation rates in intercollegiate athletics tenfold, yet women’s representation in athletic leadership remains marginal compared to men. As such, the purpose of this study was to understand the social construction of gender as it relates to intercollegiate athletic leadership at Eastern Michigan University. The study explored the history of sporting activities as a mechanism to shape and perpetuate masculine and feminine culture. These values (i.e, competitiveness and cooperativeness) were institutionalized in higher education as sex-segregated physical education and athletic functions. This historical case study applied organizational and institutional theory analyzing the institutional, task, and cultural environments of men’s and women’s intercollegiate athletics. Men and women managed distinct athletic production functions reassured by the greater cultural environment and legitimized by regulatory bodies in the institutional environment. Changes imposed from Title IX in the institutional environment were met with opposition from the cultural environment. The task environment, however, supported the male model of intercollegiate athletics and absorbed women’s athletics as mandated by Title IX. Therefore, the majority of women athletic leaders remained in alignment with their positions as congruent to the dominant cultural environment and thus created a vacuum of coaches and administrators who once were occupying 90% of women athletic leadership. The task environment, which supported a technical core of producing competitive games, filled coaching appointments for the women’s program. Today, the cultural environment accepts participation of women in sports, yet women as intercollegiate athletic leaders still confront resistance from the cultural environment. This research provides a new perspective to women in sport while affirming the power of culture on our athletic institutions.
Author: Cheyenne Luzynski
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : College sports
Languages : en
Pages : 593
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Book Description
The implementation of Title IX has increased women’s participation rates in intercollegiate athletics tenfold, yet women’s representation in athletic leadership remains marginal compared to men. As such, the purpose of this study was to understand the social construction of gender as it relates to intercollegiate athletic leadership at Eastern Michigan University. The study explored the history of sporting activities as a mechanism to shape and perpetuate masculine and feminine culture. These values (i.e, competitiveness and cooperativeness) were institutionalized in higher education as sex-segregated physical education and athletic functions. This historical case study applied organizational and institutional theory analyzing the institutional, task, and cultural environments of men’s and women’s intercollegiate athletics. Men and women managed distinct athletic production functions reassured by the greater cultural environment and legitimized by regulatory bodies in the institutional environment. Changes imposed from Title IX in the institutional environment were met with opposition from the cultural environment. The task environment, however, supported the male model of intercollegiate athletics and absorbed women’s athletics as mandated by Title IX. Therefore, the majority of women athletic leaders remained in alignment with their positions as congruent to the dominant cultural environment and thus created a vacuum of coaches and administrators who once were occupying 90% of women athletic leadership. The task environment, which supported a technical core of producing competitive games, filled coaching appointments for the women’s program. Today, the cultural environment accepts participation of women in sports, yet women as intercollegiate athletic leaders still confront resistance from the cultural environment. This research provides a new perspective to women in sport while affirming the power of culture on our athletic institutions.
Author: Lisa DeFrank-Cole
Publisher: SAGE Publications
ISBN: 1071833944
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 276
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Book Description
Recipient of a 2022 Most Promising New Textbook Award from the Textbook & Academic Authors Association (TAA) While women in the United States account for nearly half the workforce, they continue to encounter unique personal, social, and structural dynamics as leaders. Authors Lisa DeFrank Cole and Sherylle J. Tan explore these dynamics and more in Women and Leadership: Journey Towards Equity. Grounded in leadership theory and research, this text delves into the barriers and challenges women face on their leadership journeys, including stereotypes, bias, inequality, discrimination, and domestic responsibilities. The text includes several chapters devoted to strategies and tools for overcoming obstacles, creating structural change, and moving towards greater equity.
Author: Management Association, Information Resources
Publisher: IGI Global
ISBN: 1799887383
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 877
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Book Description
The role of women in the workplace has rapidly advanced and changed within the previous decade, leading to a current position in which women are taking over leadership roles and being offered these positions more than ever before. However, a gap still exists with the representation of women in the workforce especially in power positions and roles of authority in organizations. While the representation of women in leadership roles is impressive and exciting for the future, women still face many challenges when taking over these positions of power and face many issues related to gender inclusivity. There is also still gender bias and discrimination against women who have been given the opportunity to become authority figures. It is essential to acknowledge and discuss these critical issues and challenges that women in leadership roles must handle to better understand the current climate of gender roles across various industries and types of leadership. The Research Anthology on Challenges for Women in Leadership Roles discusses the role of women in positions of authority across diverse industries and businesses. By reviewing the biases, struggles, discrimination, and overall challenges of being a woman in a powerful role, women leaders can be better understood for their role in a male-dominated world. This includes topics of concern such as equal treatment, proper implementation of women’s policies, social justice activism, discrimination, and sexual harassment in the workplace, and the importance of diversity and empowerment of women in leadership positions with chapters pertaining specifically to African-American, Hispanic, Asian, and Middle Eastern women. This book is ideal for professionals, researchers, managers, executives, leaders, academicians, sociologists, policymakers, and students in fields that include humanities, social sciences, women’s studies, gender studies, business management, management science, health sciences, educational studies, and political sciences.
Author: Ying Wushanley
Publisher: Syracuse University Press
ISBN: 9780815630456
Category : Sports & Recreation
Languages : en
Pages : 264
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Book Description
For nearly a century, women physical educators kept an iron-fist control of women's intercollegiate athletics within the "sex-separate" spheres of college campuses and under an educational model of competition. According to the author, Ying Wushanley, that control began to loosen significantly when Congress passed Title IX of the Education Amendments in 1972. Title IX meant greater opportunities for women in educational activities, including intercollegiate athletics. Ten years after the passage of the law, however, women not only gave up their educational model but also lost their power and control of women's intercollegiate athletics. Playing Nice and Losing looks into the evolution of women's intercollegiate athletics from a historical perspective and examines the demise of the Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women (AIAW). Five major themes emerge: the movement from protectionism to sex-separation of women's college sports; the ascendance of women's sports as a result of the Cold War and power struggle within U. S. amateur sports; the challenge to the sex-separatist philosophy; the NCAA takeover and bankruptcy of the AIAW; and the defeat of the AIAW as a defender of theseparate but equaldoctrine. With Title IX and formerly men's organizations entering the governance of women's intercollegiate athletics, sustaining the sex-separatist AIAW became untenable in American society.
Author: Laura J. Burton
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 113487152X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 186
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Book Description
Although women and girls participate in sport in greater numbers than ever before, research shows there has been no significant increase in women leading sport organizations. This book takes an international, evidence-based perspective in examining women in sport leadership and offers future directions for improving gender equity. With contributions from leading international sport scholars and practitioners, it explores the opportunities and challenges women face while exercising leadership in sport organizations and evaluates leadership development practices. While positional leadership is crucial, this book argues that some women may choose to exercise leadership in non-positional ways, challenging readers to consider their personal values and passions. The chapters not only discuss key topics such as gender bias, intersectionality, quotas, networking, mentoring and sponsoring, but also present a variety of strategies to develop and support the next generation of women leaders in sport. A new model of how to achieve gender equity in sport leadership is also introduced. Women in Sport Leadership: Research and Practice for Change is important reading for all students, scholars, leaders, administrators, and coaches with an interest in sport business, policy and management, as well as women’s sport and gender studies.
Author: Nan Elizabeth Haugen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : College sports
Languages : en
Pages : 408
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Book Description
There has been a significant increase in the number of American women in athletics in colleges and universities during the twentieth century. The purpose of this research was to identify and trace the historical development of the women's athletic programs at community colleges in San Diego County from 1955-1972. This study was also designed to identify the leaders and the leadership abilities which enabled these women to develop successful women's athletic programs. The research design used was the historical method. Three types of historical sources were utilized: documents, quantitative records and oral histories. Thirteen oral interviews were conducted and taped. The subjects of these interviews were teachers, coaches, physical education directors and athletic directors who had initiated, encouraged and developed women's athletic programs at community colleges in San Diego County until the passage of Title IX in 1972. Analysis of the data revealed four developmental periods that occurred during the establishment of the women's athletic programs at the six community colleges. The periods were identified as the Informal Period, the Structural Period, the Formal Period and the Realization Period. Although five of the six colleges exhibited all four of these periods, the order of occurrence of the developmental periods varied at each institution. One of the college programs studied experienced only one of the developmental periods due to the fact that no athletic teams were established. The research showed that women's athletic programs were established and developed where there were strong women leaders present. These women leaders also exhibited Bennis' five leadership qualities which include vision, communication, persistence and focus, empowerment and rearrangement of key personnel. Despite experiencing many cultural and social restraints in their own personal backgrounds toward participation in athletics and in spite of the resistance they encountered from their own administration and men's athletic faculties, the women leaders in this study were able to persevere and create women's athletic programs where none previously had existed.
Author: Vonda T. Hampton
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Women athletes
Languages : en
Pages : 376
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Book Description
Author: Doug Moe
Publisher: Henschelhaus Publishing, Incorporated
ISBN: 9781595988898
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 268
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Book Description
Published in the 50th anniversary year of the landmark Title IX gender equity legislation becoming law, "The Right Thing to Do" is both a chronicle of the rise of women's intercollegiate athletics in the United States and a biography of one of the movement's leaders, Kit Saunders-Nordeen, the first director of women's athletics at the University of Wisconsin and vice president of the Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women (AIAW). When Kit arrived on the Madison campus for graduate school in 1964, competitive athletics for women was actively discouraged. The longtime director of women's physical education at UW-Madison, Blanche Trilling, had been a national voice in advocating participation, but never competition, for women collegians. Across the next decade, Kit changed hearts and minds, establishing a vibrant non-varsity women's sports program at UW. It took some doing. Funds for travel and uniforms were so scarce the athletes sold Christmas trees and did odd jobs to help. The passage of Title IX in 1972 - requiring universities receiving federal funds to not discriminate by gender - provided a boost. Kit was named the UW's first director of women's intercollegiate athletics in 1974, signaling varsity status for women. But Title IX was not a panacea. In 1979, seven years after it became law, the UW women's crew famously changed clothes outside men's athletic director Elroy Hirsch's office because they still didn't have a locker room. A short time later, as women's programs continued to grow, the NCAA - having ignored women's athletics for years - moved to usurp the AIAW, resulting in a bitter battle. Against this backdrop of administrative struggle and intrigue, the young women athletes shined. UW produced celebrated stars like Carie Graves (crew) and Cindy Bremser (track), while earning early national championships in crew and cross-country. The public took notice. In 1990, a women's volleyball match in Madison drew nearly 11,000 fans. Kit Saunders-Nordeen watched that match from the stands with tears in her eyes. Her story, alongside the larger narrative of women intercollegiate athletes refusing to be denied and emerging triumphant, will stir any reader who cares about sports and fair play - on and off the field. As Judy Sweet, the first woman president of the NCAA, who as a student was mentored by Kit in Madison, writes in the book's foreword: "We must remain vigilant and ensure that our daughters have the same opportunities and support as our sons."
Author: Randall Ward
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 148
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Book Description
Author: Gary A. Berg
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN: 1475853637
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 151
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Book Description
The story of the American university in the past half century is about the rise of women in participation as students, faculty members, college athletes, and in subsequently changing the overall university culture for the better. Now almost sixty percent of the overall college student population in America is female, and still growing. By the year 2000, women surpassed men worldwide in attendance at higher education institutions. At the same time, after years of a disproportionate dominant male professoriate, female faculty members are now becoming the majority of university professors. While top university presidents are still largely male, women have achieved real gains in the overall administrative ranks and trustee positions. In all areas of the university disparities still exist in terms of compensation and balance in key areas of the academy, but the overall positive trend is clear. Few to this date have recognized and chronicled this extraordinary change in college education—one of society’s fundamental and influential institutions. For universities the test for the future is to make the changes needed in broad areas within higher education from financial aid to curriculum, student activities, and overall campus culture in order to better foster a newly empowered majority of women students.
