An Evaluation of the Nitrate-nitrogen Loading to Groundwater from Two Unsewered Subdivisions Near Stevens Point, Wisconsin PDF Download
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Author: Peter D. Arntsen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Groundwater
Languages : en
Pages : 338
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Author: Peter D. Arntsen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Groundwater
Languages : en
Pages : 338
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Hydrology
Languages : en
Pages : 898
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Author: Ann B. Tihansky
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Groundwater
Languages : en
Pages : 38
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Author: Tracy Alanna Campbell
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Across the Midwest, farmers, researchers, policy makers and communities are confronting increasing groundwater contamination due to agricultural practices, particularly the use of synthetic nitrogen fertilizer, coupled with the challenge of employing these practices to continue growing profitable crops. Additionally, not only are the impacts of agricultural practices felt at the local level-often in the form of agricultural runoff, unsafe drinking water, soil erosion, and decreased stream and lake levels-but also nationally. As agricultural runoff travels downstream to the Gulf of Mexico, excess nutrients have resulted in dead zones. It is likely that ongoing and future climate change across the Midwest will exacerbate current struggles and may leave many fields more vulnerable to nitrate leaching. Moving forward, to ensure safe drinking water and restore and protect ecosystem services, nitrogen management strategies need to be improved and implemented. The Wisconsin Central Sands (WCS) faces many of the challenges felt by communities across the Midwest when managing agricultural land with growing water quality contamination. The WCS region serves as a case study in improving nitrogen management for groundwater quality. To better identify pathways to improved groundwater quality, we incorporated on-farm research related to drivers of water quality variability, observations of soil-plant-environment interactions, agroecosystem modeling, and farmer surveys. In chapter one, we evaluated/quantified the spatiotemporal variability of nitrate concentrations in irrigation water across the WCS region. Additionally, we analyzed the influence of well depth, well casing diameter, nitrogen application rate, year and week of sampling event on nitrate concentration in irrigation water. We found that nitrate levels varied more across space than time, that nitrogen application rate was the most significant predictor of nitrate concentration, and that on average, nitrate levels in irrigation water across the WCS are 19.0 mg/L, or nearly twice the threshold for safe drinking water set by the EPA. In chapter two, we measured leaf level photosynthesis and calculated key photosynthetic parameters for two cultivars of potato grown under four nitrogen application rates. We found that nitrogen application rate (season total N), days after emergence (DAE), and temperature were significant predictors of Vcmax (maximum rate of carboxylation). We also found that at the highest level of nitrogen application (403.5 kg N/ha), both N content (%) and Vcmax declined relative to a nitrogen application rate of 336.3 kg N/ha. In chapter three, we modeled the impact of nitrogen best management practices (BMPs) with varied N rates on irrigated corn yield and nitrate leaching. To better understand the effectiveness and tradeoffs of BMPs considering increased weather variability, we used cluster analysis to group similar weather years. We found that nitrate leaching could be reduced through the use of BMPs (20%) and reduced nitrogen application rates (40%), but there was little room for mitigation during years experiencing wetter than average growing seasons. Additionally, nitrate concentration in the groundwater never reached safe/healthy levels (below 10 mg/L) in our simulations. In chapter four, we surveyed farmers on their current use of nitrogen BMPs, levels of concern towards environmental and economic challenges, as well as barriers to implementing certain BMPs. Our findings highlight that growers feel the greatest level of concern for the cost of government regulation and ineffective government policies, and 100% of respondents felt at least a little concerned about groundwater quality. While the BMP of split application was widely adopted (69%), growers perceived lack of information as a substantial barrier to adopting the practice of crediting nitrate in irrigation water.
Author: T. B. Spruill
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Groundwater
Languages : en
Pages : 36
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Water
Languages : en
Pages : 1354
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Author: Mark Stephen Gottlieb
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Infants
Languages : en
Pages : 588
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Book Description
Author: Guy Iverson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Septic tanks
Languages : en
Pages : 189
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Book Description
Elevated nitrogen (N) concentrations in groundwater may cause adverse effects to adjacent surface water bodies. In North Carolina, half of the residences use on-site wastewater treatment systems (OWTS), yet they are typically not regulated beyond the permitting process. The overall goal of this study was to determine if OWTS affect groundwater N loading and surface water N export at the watershed scale. Eight sub-watersheds were monitored monthly for physical and chemical parameters in Greenville, NC. Four watersheds used OWTS and four watersheds used a centralized sewer system (CSS) that transported wastewater from these watersheds and discharged the treated wastewater to the Tar River. To evaluate the effects of wastewater management on groundwater quality, groundwater was monitored at 10 residential sites, five in an OWTS watershed and five in a CSS watershed. Groundwater samples were collected quarterly for a year (August 2011 to August 2012) and analyzed for dissolved N species (ammonium, nitrate + nitrite, and dissolved organic N) and chloride. Surface water samples were collected monthly and analyzed for the same physical and chemical parameters, including turbidity and particulate N. Groundwater and surface water samples were collected and sent to the Stable Isotope Facility at UC Davis for [delta]15N and [delta]18O of nitrate analysis. Groundwater TDN concentrations and loads at OWTS sites were significantly greater than at CSS sites, with mean TDN concentrations in OWTS groundwater up to two times greater and loads up to five times greater than CSS TDN concentrations and loads. Groundwater and surface water stable isotopes, 15N and 18O in nitrate, suggested that N sources in OWTS watersheds were wastewater derived, while CSS sources were fertilizer derived. Mean total nitrogen (TN) concentrations in surface water at OWTS watersheds were approximately two times greater than for CSS watersheds during baseflow and storm conditions. Streams draining OWTS watersheds exported significantly greater TN masses than CSS watersheds. Assuming average measured OWTS loads to the soil were representative of each residence in OWTS watersheds, on average OWTS watersheds were found to attenuate 81% (± 14%) of OWTS TN loads to the soil prior to TN export from the watershed. The results from this study illustrate a need for inclusion among nutrient management strategies by North Carolina Department Environment and Natural Resources and other state, federal, and international agencies.
Author: Michael J. Travis
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Farm manure
Languages : en
Pages : 254
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Sewage
Languages : en
Pages : 378
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Book Description
"This manual contains overview information on treatment technologies, installation practices, and past performance."--Introduction.
