An Application of Data Envelopment Analysis: Determining Efficiency in the Market Share and Profitability Relationship PDF Download
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Author: Gregory A. McIntyre
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 121
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Book Description
This thesis determines the role of efficiency in market share's positive relationship with profitability for U.S. manufacturing firms. Two types of efficiency measures are employed in this study. The first is an absolute measure of efficiency using a simple ratio of input to output. The second type is a relative measure of efficiency of output to input calculated by using a new mathematical programming technique called Data Envelopment Analysis. Statistical estimation with linear regression is used to estimate an additive model to test the market share role. Return on sales is used as the profitability measure. The efficiency measures that are compared to market share include the simple ratio of cost to sales and the relative measures of profit to employees and sales to cost. The data used for this study is a subset of the data used by Hagin (23) in a previous thesis. The data is an average of 1977-1979 Compustat data as well as the 1977 Census of Manufactures data. Market share was derived from the Compustat's three year average of net sales divided by the Census value of shipments for the industry identified with the firm's business activity. Keywords: Economic analysis, Economic model. (Theses).
Author: Gregory A. McIntyre
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 121
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Book Description
This thesis determines the role of efficiency in market share's positive relationship with profitability for U.S. manufacturing firms. Two types of efficiency measures are employed in this study. The first is an absolute measure of efficiency using a simple ratio of input to output. The second type is a relative measure of efficiency of output to input calculated by using a new mathematical programming technique called Data Envelopment Analysis. Statistical estimation with linear regression is used to estimate an additive model to test the market share role. Return on sales is used as the profitability measure. The efficiency measures that are compared to market share include the simple ratio of cost to sales and the relative measures of profit to employees and sales to cost. The data used for this study is a subset of the data used by Hagin (23) in a previous thesis. The data is an average of 1977-1979 Compustat data as well as the 1977 Census of Manufactures data. Market share was derived from the Compustat's three year average of net sales divided by the Census value of shipments for the industry identified with the firm's business activity. Keywords: Economic analysis, Economic model. (Theses).
Author: Gregory Alan McIntyre (CAPT, USAF.)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Market share
Languages : en
Pages : 142
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Book Description
Author: Richard H. Silkman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 124
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Book Description
Author: Emmanuel Thanassoulis
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 146151407X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 296
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Book Description
1 DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was initially developed as a method for assessing the comparative efficiencies of organisational units such as the branches of a bank, schools, hospital departments or restaurants. The key in each case is that they perform feature which makes the units comparable the same function in terms of the kinds of resource they use and the types of output they produce. For example all bank branches to be compared would typically use staff and capital assets to effect income generating activities such as advancing loans, selling financial products and carrying out banking transactions on behalf of their clients. The efficiencies assessed in this context by DEA are intended to reflect the scope for resource conservation at the unit being assessed without detriment to its outputs, or alternatively, the scope for output augmentation without additional resources. The efficiencies assessed are comparative or relative because they reflect scope for resource conservation or output augmentation at one unit relative to other comparable benchmark units rather than in some absolute sense. We resort to relative rather than absolute efficiencies because in most practical contexts we lack sufficient information to derive the superior measures of absolute efficiency. DEA was initiated by Charnes Cooper and Rhodes in 1978 in their seminal paper Chames et al. (1978). The paper operationalised and extended by means of linear programming production economics concepts of empirical efficiency put forth some twenty years earlier by Farrell (1957).
Author: Jati Sengupta
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401585067
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 296
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Book Description
Data envelopment analysis develops a set of nonparametric and semiparametric techniques for measuring economic efficiency among firms and nonprofit organizations. Over the past decade this technique has found most widespread applications in public sector organizations. However these applications have been mostly static. This monograph extends this static framework of efficiency analysis in several new directions. These include but are not limited to the following: (1) a dynamic view of the production and cost frontier, where capital inputs are treated differently from the current inputs, (2) a direct role of the technological progress and regress, which is so often stressed in total factor productivity discussion in modem growth theory in economics, (3) stochastic efficiency in a dynamic setting, where reliability improvement competes with technical efficiency, (4) flexible manufacturing systems, where flexibility of the production process and the economies of scope play an important role in efficiency analysis and (5) the role of economic factors such as externalities and input interdependences. Efficiency is viewed here in the framework of a general systems theory model. Such a view is intended to broaden the scope of applications of this promising new technique of data envelopment analysis. The monograph stresses the various applied aspects of the dynamic theory, so that it can be empirically implemented in different situations. As far as possible abstract mathematical treatments are avoided and emphasis placed on the statistical examples and empirical illustrations.
Author: Farhad Hosseinzadeh Lotfi
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9783031431807
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
The combination of DEA and ratio analysis is introduced as a suitable field for evaluating the performance of DMUs. In this regard, DEA-R is also proposed as a hybrid technique for calculating efficiency, ranking DMUs, and finding efficient faces. Therefore, the relationship between DEA and DEA-R provides a suitable field for researchers in the field of evaluating the performance of DMUs. The audience of this book is not limited to researchers in mathematics fields, but experts and students in industrial engineering and management fields also benefit from the topics of this book.
Author: William W. Cooper
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0306475413
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 338
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Book Description
In a relatively short period of time Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) has grown into a powerful quantitative, analytical tool for measuring and evaluating performance. It has been successfully applied to a host of different entities engaged in a wide variety of activities in many contexts worldwide. In many cases evaluations of these entities have been resistant to other approaches because complex, multiple levels of (often) poorly understood relations must be considered. A few examples of these multifaceted problems are (1) maintenance activities of US Air Force bases in geographically dispersed locations, (2) police force efficiencies in the United Kingdom, (3) branch bank performances in Canada, Cyprus, and other countries and (4) the efficiency of universities in performing their education and research functions in the U.S., England, and France. In addition to localized problems, DEA applications have been extended to performance evaluations of `larger entities' such as cities, regions, and countries. These extensions have a wider scope than traditional analyses because they include `social' and `safety-net' expenditures as inputs and various `quality-of-life' dimensions as outputs. In other applications, DEA has been used to supply new insights into business activities and into the methods that have been used to evaluate these activities. These include `benchmarking' studies of professional organizations including legal and accounting societies, as well as organizational forms--such as evaluating the relative efficiencies of the `mutual' vs. `corporate' forms of organization that are used in the U.S. insurance industry. Finally, DEA can also be used to evaluate objects as well as governmental, business and societal activities. For example, a test study found that DEA compared favorably with traditional engineering approaches for use in evaluating the relative efficiencies of jet aircraft engines. These advantages accrued to DEA because of its ability to simultaneously handle multiple outputs and inputs without having to first specify a system of weights for use in effecting these evaluations. Data Envelopment Analysis: A Comprehensive Text with Models, Applications, References, and DEA-Solver Software is designed to provide a systematic introduction to DEA and its uses as a multifaceted tool for evaluating problems in a variety of contexts. Each chapter accompanies its developments with simple numerical examples and discussions of actual applications. Emphasis is placed on the use as well as an understanding of DEA and the topics in this book have been selected and treated accordingly. The objective is to introduce students, researchers, and practitioners in business, economics, engineering, and the sciences to Data Envelopment Analysis. The authors have been involved in DEA's development from the beginning. William Cooper (with Abraham Charnes and Edwardo Rhodes) is a founder of DEA. Lawrence Seiford and Kaoru Tone have been actively involved as researchers and practitioners from its earliest beginnings. All have been deeply involved in uses of DEA in practical applications as well as in the development of its basic theory and methodologies. The result is a textbook grounded in authority, experience and substance. Please see the book's preface for chapter-by-chapter information on specific features and information on the supporting DEA-Solver software. The preface can be found and downloaded at the internet.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aeronautics, Military
Languages : en
Pages : 932
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Book Description
Author: Rolf Fare
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9814644560
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 112
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Book Description
Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is often overlooked in empirical work such as diagnostic tests to determine whether the data conform with technology which, in turn, is important in identifying technical change, or finding which types of DEA models allow data transformations, including dealing with ordinal data.Advances in Data Envelopment Analysis focuses on both theoretical developments and their applications into the measurement of productive efficiency and productivity growth, such as its application to the modelling of time substitution, i.e. the problem of how to allocate resources over time, and estimating the 'value' of a Decision Making Unit (DMU).
Author: Tarja Joro
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 1489975284
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 196
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Book Description
This book provides an introduction to incorporating preference information in Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) with a special emphasis in Value Efficiency Analysis. In addition to theoretical considerations, numerous illustrative examples are included. Hence, the book can be used as a teaching text as well. Only a modest mathematical background is needed to understand the main principles. The only prerequisites are a) familiarity with linear algebra, especially matrix calculus; b) knowledge of the simplex method; and c) familiarity with the use of computer software. The book is organized as follows. Chapter 1 provides motivation and introduces the basic concepts. Chapter 2 provides the basic ideas and models of Data Envelopment Analysis. The efficient frontier and production possibility set concepts play an important role in all considerations. That's why these concepts are considered more closely in Chapter 3. Since the approaches introduced in this study are inspired by Multiple Objective Linear Programming, the basic concepts of this field are reviewed in Chapter 4. Chapter 5 also compares and contrasts Data Envelopment Analysis and Multiple Objective Linear Programming, providing some cornerstones for approaches presented later in the book. Chapter 6 discusses the traditional approaches to take into account preference information in DEA. In Chapter 7, Value Efficiency is introduced, and Chapter 8 discusses practical aspects. Some extensions are presented in Chapter 9, and in Chapter 10 Value Efficiency is extended to cover the case when a production possibility set is not convex. Three implemented applications are reviewed in Chapter 11.
