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Author: Venkata Kumar Vaddella
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Ammonia
Languages : en
Pages : 126
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Book Description
Author: Venkata Kumar Vaddella
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Ammonia
Languages : en
Pages : 126
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Book Description
Author: Sven G. Sommer
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118676726
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 382
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Book Description
A rapidly changing and expanding livestock and poultry production sector is causing a range of environmental problems on local, regional and global scales. Animal Manure Recycling: Treatment and Management presents an accessible overview of environmentally friendly technologies for managing animal manure more efficiently and in a sustainable manner. The book describes the physical and chemical characteristics of animal manure and microbial processes, featuring detailed examples and case studies showing how this knowledge can be used in practice. Readers are introduced to the sustainable use of animal manure for crop fertilisation and soil amelioration. Environmentally friendly technologies for reducing emissions of ammonia, odour and the greenhouse gases nitrous oxide and methane are presented, and reduction of plant nutrient losses using separation technologies is introduced. Finally and most importantly, the book describes methods to commercialise and transfer knowledge about innovations to end-users. Topics covered include: Regulation of animal manure management Manure organic matter: characteristics and microbial transformations Greenhouse gas emissions from animal manures and technologies for their reduction Technologies and logistics for handling, transport and distribution of animal manures Bioenergy production Animal manure residue upgrading and nutrient recovery in bio-fertilisers Life cycle assessment of manure management systems Innovation in animal manure management and recycling Animal Manure Recycling: Treatment and Management presents state-of-the-art coverage of the entire animal manure chain, providing practical information for engineers, environmental consultants, academics and advanced students involved in scientific, technical and regulatory issues related to animal manure management.
Author: Michael Anthony Holly
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Manure management contributes 8.4% of anthropogenic methane emissions (USEPA, 2015). It is extremely likely that greenhouse gas emissions including methane are correlated to an increase in global temperatures and sea level over the past century. Additionally, livestock contributes and estimated 71% of ammonia emissions and ammonia is a precursor to particulate matter which can decrease visibility and affect human health (Roe, Spivey, Lindquist, Thesing, & Strait, 2004). Therefore, to reduce future long term environmental and health complications it crucial that gaseous emissions from the production dairy are reduced. Experiments were conducted to evaluate potential mitigation strategies to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) and ammonia (NH3) emissions from dairy manure. Results from the first experiment on the impacts of manure processing on GHG and NH3 from the storage and land application of dairy manure revealed that anaerobic digestion (AD) and solid liquid separation (SLS) significantly reduce GHG emissions. AD and SLS reduced GHG from untreated manure slurries by 34% and 22%, respectively; however, AD increases NH3 emissions by 81%. A second experiment quantified the impacts of manure additives, including More Than Manure"!(MTM"!, Pro-Act, and biochar, on manure solids, gaseous nitrogen losses, and GHG emissions. No treatments were able to reduce manure solids or gaseous nitrogen losses. Biochar was the only manure treatment to impact any manure characteristics, where the total ammonical nitrogen (TAN) was significantly greater than the control at day 14 (p=0.012). In a third experiment, raw wood (white birch, Betula papyrifera), steam treated wood, wood biochar, and corn cob biochar were investigated for their potential to reduce NH3 emissions from digested manure storages. In order to guide application strategies and better understand the mechanisms for mitigation, treatments were incorporated in the manure or applied as a cover and the TAN sorption was measured using extraction techniques. All biomass treatments reduced emissions of NH3 from the control by 40% to 96%. The highest NH3 emissions reductions were achieved with the wood biochar cover due to its ability to effectively cover the manure. Sorption results indicate that only a very small portion of the biomass mitigation potential was due to sorption and the main mechanism for NH3 reduction was the ability to act as a physical barrier. Future research should assess the GHG and NH3 reduction potential of coupling AD, SLS, and a biochar cover in a long term field trial
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309168643
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 286
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Book Description
Air Emissions from Animal Feeding Operations: Current Knowledge, Future Needs discusses the need for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to implement a new method for estimating the amount of ammonia, nitrous oxide, methane, and other pollutants emitted from livestock and poultry farms, and for determining how these emissions are dispersed in the atmosphere. The committee calls for the EPA and the U.S. Department of Agriculture to establish a joint council to coordinate and oversee short - and long-term research to estimate emissions from animal feeding operations accurately and to develop mitigation strategies. Their recommendation was for the joint council to focus its efforts first on those pollutants that pose the greatest risk to the environment and public health.
Author: Michael Anthony Holly
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 270
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Book Description
Manure management contributes 8.4% of anthropogenic methane emissions (USEPA, 2015). It is extremely likely that greenhouse gas emissions including methane are correlated to an increase in global temperatures and sea level over the past century. Additionally, livestock contributes and estimated 71% of ammonia emissions and ammonia is a precursor to particulate matter which can decrease visibility and affect human health (Roe, Spivey, Lindquist, Thesing, & Strait, 2004). Therefore, to reduce future long term environmental and health complications it crucial that gaseous emissions from the production dairy are reduced. Experiments were conducted to evaluate potential mitigation strategies to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) and ammonia (NH3) emissions from dairy manure. Results from the first experiment on the impacts of manure processing on GHG and NH3 from the storage and land application of dairy manure revealed that anaerobic digestion (AD) and solid liquid separation (SLS) significantly reduce GHG emissions. AD and SLS reduced GHG from untreated manure slurries by 34% and 22%, respectively; however, AD increases NH3 emissions by 81%. A second experiment quantified the impacts of manure additives, including More Than ManureTM (MTMTM), Pro-Act, and biochar, on manure solids, gaseous nitrogen losses, and GHG emissions. No treatments were able to reduce manure solids or gaseous nitrogen losses. Biochar was the only manure treatment to impact any manure characteristics, where the total ammonical nitrogen (TAN) was significantly greater than the control at day 14 (p=0.012). In a third experiment, raw wood (white birch, Betula papyrifera), steam treated wood, wood biochar, and corn cob biochar were investigated for their potential to reduce NH3 emissions from digested manure storages. In order to guide application strategies and better understand the mechanisms for mitigation, treatments were incorporated in the manure or applied as a cover and the TAN sorption was measured using extraction techniques. All biomass treatments reduced emissions of NH3 from the control by 40% to 96%. The highest NH3 emissions reductions were achieved with the wood biochar cover due to its ability to effectively cover the manure. Sorption results indicate that only a very small portion of the biomass mitigation potential was due to sorption and the main mechanism for NH3 reduction was the ability to act as a physical barrier. Future research should assess the GHG and NH3 reduction potential of coupling AD, SLS, and a biochar cover in a long term field trial.
Author: Horacio Aguirre-Villegas
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Ammonia
Languages : en
Pages : 6
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Book Description
Author: Gert-Jan Monteny
Publisher: BRILL
ISBN: 9086866115
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 403
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Book Description
"Ammonia emissions is an important topic in many countries with animal production, since it contributes to environmental and health problems. Strategies and measures to reduce ammonia emission are getting increasing attention in national and international legislation. This book aims to bring together visions and knowledge from scientists, policy makers and other relevant stakeholders around the subject of NH3 emissions from agricultural operations and its reduction options. It also offers a basis for international harmonization on various NH3 emission related topics (e.g. national emission inventories, measurement techniques and strategies, data on emissions and reductions) and, last but not least, it provides an update of science concerning NH3 and related environmental issues. The focus of this publication is on NH3 emissions from various agricultural sources (grazing, animal housing, manure storage, land application of manures), and the options for their reduction in a farm system approach. Also, multiple gaseous emissions, their reduction options and pollution swapping issues are addressed. Environmental impact and health related effects of NH3 are briefly addressed. In conclusion, this book gives an overview of the current knowledge about ammonia emissions and how we can implement this knowledge in current agricultural systems."
Author: Richard Baines
Publisher: Burleigh Dodds Agricultural Sc
ISBN: 9781786764393
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 300
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Book Description
Short description: Cattle are a major source of non-CO2 greenhouse gas emissions. Part 1 reviews the genetics, measurement and modelling of methane emissions from cattle. Parts 2 and 3 look at mitigation strategies, from manure and grassland management to improved nutrition.
Author: Leigh Evans
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Agriculture is the largest source of anthropogenic ammonia emissions in Canada. Ammonia is not only a toxic gas but contributes to poor air quality and environmental degradation. A micrometeorological inverse dispersion technique was used to measure ammonia (NH3) at two dairy farms in Ontario, Canada. Study farms used solid-liquid separation while one farm stored anaerobically digested liquid manure and the other untreated liquid manure. Measurement campaigns were conducted seasonally and were designed to partition sources (e.g. barns, manure storages) within the operation as well as measure emissions from the whole operation. Field application trials using 1m2 wind tunnels were also done to compare NH3 emissions after field application of manures from both farms. Analyses of manure showed that anaerobic digestion and separation of dairy manure does increase the pH and ammonium content over separation alone. Results showed that NH3 emissions from dairy farms employing anaerobic digestion are 60% higher than emissions from farms using only a solid-liquid separation system. Emissions from the field application of the two manures showed that on a per volume basis, AD manures do have higher emission rates, but that if scaled by total nitrogen applied there is no significant differences between the two manures. Overall, when the results are synthesized, it is shown that at the farm scale emissions from AD farms are significantly higher than from farms without AD technology. However, other farm management practices such as application timing, incorporation, storage duration and system design can have an equally significant impact and could be crucial to mitigating increased emissions from AD systems.
Author: Heidi M. Waldrip
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0891183701
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 448
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Book Description
The majority of meat, milk, and eggs consumed in the United States are produced in concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFO). With concentrated animal operations, in turn comes concentrated manure accumulation, which can pose a threat of contamination of air, soil, and water if improperly managed. Animal Manure: Production, Characteristics, Environmental Concerns, and Management navigates these important environmental concerns while detailing opportunities for environmentally and economically beneficial utilization.
