Algae and Phosphorus Removal from Sewage Lagoon Effluents by in Situ Chemical Addition PDF Download
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Author: M. John Cullinane
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Algae
Languages : en
Pages : 182
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Book Description
The purpose of this study is to develop methods for rapidly and economically increasing the capacity of complete retention and/or intermittently discharging wastewater stabilization lagoons located at Corps of Engineers recreational sites through in situ application of chemical coagulating agents. Alum was chosen as the coagulant in this study because it is relatively inexpensive and readily available. Application and mixing techniques were optimized using a 14-ft boat and small outboard motor. Analyses were performed to determine treatment efficiencies for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended solids, total phosphates and orthophosphates. Algae enumerations were also performed. The study took place over an entire year with three coagulant applications performed to study the long-term effects of in situ alum addition. In situ alum addition consistently produced effluents with phosphate concentrations below 1.0 mg/alum. Removal rates for BOD and COD were approximately 80 percent with suspended solids being removed at rates as high as 95 percent. Algae removal rates were as high as 95 percent. No adverse effects were seen in either lagoon performance or in spraying the effluents on vegetation as a result of alum addition. Sludge accumulations of 0.1 to 0.2 in. per chemical application were measured. Repeated applications of alum did not result in significant increases in the sludge thickness, and no long-term adverse effect on lagoon performance is expected.
Author: M. John Cullinane
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Algae
Languages : en
Pages : 182
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Book Description
The purpose of this study is to develop methods for rapidly and economically increasing the capacity of complete retention and/or intermittently discharging wastewater stabilization lagoons located at Corps of Engineers recreational sites through in situ application of chemical coagulating agents. Alum was chosen as the coagulant in this study because it is relatively inexpensive and readily available. Application and mixing techniques were optimized using a 14-ft boat and small outboard motor. Analyses were performed to determine treatment efficiencies for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended solids, total phosphates and orthophosphates. Algae enumerations were also performed. The study took place over an entire year with three coagulant applications performed to study the long-term effects of in situ alum addition. In situ alum addition consistently produced effluents with phosphate concentrations below 1.0 mg/alum. Removal rates for BOD and COD were approximately 80 percent with suspended solids being removed at rates as high as 95 percent. Algae removal rates were as high as 95 percent. No adverse effects were seen in either lagoon performance or in spraying the effluents on vegetation as a result of alum addition. Sludge accumulations of 0.1 to 0.2 in. per chemical application were measured. Repeated applications of alum did not result in significant increases in the sludge thickness, and no long-term adverse effect on lagoon performance is expected.
Author: Yuk Shan Kwong
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3662108631
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 265
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Book Description
This book brings together environmental scientists and engineers to discuss the development of new approaches and methodologies which utilize microalgae for biological wastewater treatment. The researchers report their recent findings on microalgal removal of nutrients, heavy metals and other organic pollutants from sewage and industrial effluents. The technologies discussed here include biosorption and bioaccumulation of heavy metals, cell immobilization of algae, and mathematical modelling of metal uptake by cells. This book is unique in that it takes a practical approach to the subject matter and is a useful reference both in and outside of the laboratory.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Hydrology
Languages : en
Pages : 806
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Book Description
Author: Raul Muñoz
Publisher: IWA Publishing
ISBN: 1789060923
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 254
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Book Description
Over 80% of globally produced wastewater receives little or no treatment before it is disposed into the environment. Therefore, it is urgent to develop new wastewater treatment technologies that are sustainable in the broad sense of the word, i.e. not only produce high quality effluents, but also minimise energy expenses, recover energy and nutrients, and apply technology that is appropriate in relation to the availability of skilled personnel. This book compiles the main outcomes of recent efforts to improve the design of waste stabilisation ponds, and confirms the superior performance of high rate algal ponds as a result of process intensification. Anaerobic digestion devoted to biogas production continues to be the preferred strategy for the energy valorisation of the algal biomass, co-digestion with multiple high C/N ratio substrates gathering significant attention over the past years. The potential of algal biomass as a biosorbent for heavy metal removal (Cu, Ni, F) maintains its share in the research field of water bioremediation, while research on nutrient removal has focused on providing new insights on the mechanism of nitrogen and phosphorus removal from wastewater in algal–bacterial systems. Finally, it is worth noticing that breakthroughs in complementary fields of research such as nanotechnology or lighting technology are gradually being implemented in algal biotechnology, with new products such as nanoparticles for water disinfection or photobioreactors illuminated by low intensity LED panels. In Focus – a book series that showcases the latest accomplishments in water research. Each book focuses on a specialist area with papers from top experts in the field. It aims to be a vehicle for in-depth understanding and inspire further conversations in the sector.
Author: Steven E. Harris
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Algae
Languages : en
Pages : 184
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Water
Languages : en
Pages : 806
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Alum
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
This report describes an investigation of the effects f chemical addition on the operation of sewage lagoons, and 1e physical and/or chemical conditions in the lagoon on the removal of phosphorus. Laboratory lagoon simulators were used to evaluate the effects of temperature, chemical dosage and influent phosphorus concentration on the performance of a typical lagoon. Raw sewage from the Village of Shelburne, Ontario was used as feed for the simulators. It was found that the addition of 200 mg/l of alum effectively reduced phosphorus concentrations in the lagoon effluent to below l mg/l. Higher temperatures resulted in 1creased phosphorus in the effluent from untreated sewage. ). However, the addition of alum at 200 mg/l minimized this effect. 1e achievement of steady state operation in a lagoon with an 80 day retention time was found to require several months operation. Alum dosage was found to be the most important factor in the phosphorus removal process in the lagoon. All other factors investigated in this study had a relatively minor effect on the phosphorus concentration in the chemically treated effluent.
Author: Marvin T. Bond
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Algae
Languages : en
Pages : 132
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Book Description
Author: H. J. Graham
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Sewage
Languages : en
Pages : 98
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Book Description
Author: Andrew R. Elder
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 161
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Book Description
This research evaluated dissolved air flotation (DAF) as a separation method for algae and phosphorus from municipal wastewater at the City of Logan, Utah Wastewater Reclamation Facility. DAF uses the supersaturation of air to raise suspended algae and other particles to the surface, where they can be easily removed. DAF, in conjunction with chemical coagulants and flocculants, can approach 95% algae and phosphorus removal. The algae removed using the DAF process will be used in the production of biofuels and bioplastics. A pilot DAF unit was used to determine the optimum alum dose for total phosphorus (TP) and algae removal. In addition, a bench-scale jar test unit was used to study the effects of various alum and polymer doses on removal efficiencies at different times of the day. An optimal alum dose was found to be 30 mg/L based on results from both the pilot and bench-scale units. No advantage to adding polymer was found. Algae removal efficiencies on the pilot DAF ranged from 68-70%, and the effluent algae concentration was reduced to 10 mg/L. Approximately 65% of the total phosphorus was removed, from 1.1 to 0.4 mg/L, which is low enough to meet regulations anticipated to be promulgated by the state of Utah. Using the assumption that the molar weight of algae is 3,550 g/mole, the molar ratio of Al/TSS was found to be 30.1 and the molar ratio of Al/TP was found to be 7.5. Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) excreted by algal cells act as a natural flocculant and may allow for chemical usage to be minimized. Autoflocculation and bioflocculation, natural processes caused by EPS production and an increased pH level, were not observed to be a significant factor. The chemical dosing rates provide the City of Logan with basic operational parameters for a full-scale (15 million gallons per day) DAF plant, providing an effluent phosphorus level below 0.5 mg/L. The alum will cost $1,118 per day, with a daily electrical cost of approximately $149. This full-scale DAF plant would harvest 1,563 kg of algal biomass per day, with a cost per kilogram of algae at $0.81.
