Agronomic Effectiveness of Some Urea Phosphate Fertilizers as Determined by Ammonia Volatilization Losses and Crop Response PDF Download
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Author: Olusegun Adedayo Yerokum
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Ammonia as fertilizer
Languages : en
Pages : 248
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Book Description
Author: Olusegun Adedayo Yerokum
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Ammonia as fertilizer
Languages : en
Pages : 248
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Book Description
Author: B. R. Bock
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Ammonia
Languages : en
Pages : 204
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Book Description
Symposiumverslagen over: de omvang van ureum als meststof op de wereldmarkt; bodem-, milieu- en beheersfactoren die de ammoniakvervluchtiging beinvloeden; factoren die de ureumhydrolyse beinvloeden; de chemische balans m.b.t. de ammoniakvervluchtiging; modelmatige weergave voor het voorspellen van de vervluchtiging; vergelijking van methoden voor ammoniakmetingen; ontwikkelingen omtrent de toepassing van remstoffen bij de urease-vorming; mechanismen bij de urease-vorming; ammoniakvervluchtiging van ureumfosfaatmeststoffen
Author: Deepak G. Panpatte
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9811062412
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : fr
Pages : 449
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Book Description
This book addresses basic and applied aspects of two nexus points of microorganisms in agro-ecosystems, namely their functional role as bio-fertilizers and bio-pesticides. Readers will find detailed information on all of the aspects that are required to make a microbe “agriculturally beneficial.” A healthy, balanced soil ecosystem provides a habitat for crops to grow without the need for interventions such as agro-chemicals. No organism in an agro-ecosystem can flourish individually, which is why research on the interaction of microorganisms with higher forms of life has increasingly gained momentum in the last 10-15 years. In fact, most of plants’ life processes only become possible through interactions with microorganisms. Using these “little helpers” as a biological alternative to agro-chemicals is a highly contemporary field of research. The information presented here is based on the authors’ extensive experience in the subject area, gathered in the course of their careers in the field of agricultural microbiology. The book offers a valuable resource for all readers who are actively involved in research on agriculturally beneficial microorganisms. In addition, it will help prepare readers for the future challenges that climate change will pose for agriculture and will help to bridge the current gaps between different scientific communities.
Author: S. Kiss
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401718431
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 464
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Book Description
The purpose of our present work is to review the fundamental studies on inhibition of soil urease activity and the applied studies on improving efficiency of urea fertilizers by inhibition of soil urease activity. The general literature on these topics covers 65 years, and the patent literature comprises a period of nearly 40 years. Studies related to inhibition of soil urease activity were performed in a great number of countries' well representing all the continents. Full texts of the papers describing these studies were published in one of 18 languages·'. The literature data reviewed are structured into 10 chapters, 81 subchapters, and 224 sections. The bibliographical list consists of 830 papers cited. ·In alphabetical order: Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Belorussia, Brazil. Bulgaria, Canada, China, Costa Rica, Cuba. Czech RepUblic, Egypt, Estonia, France, Georgia (Gruzia), Germany, Hungary, India, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy. Japan, Kazakhstan, Lithuania, Malaysia, Moldova, Netherlands, New Zealand, Pakistan, Philippines, Poland, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Slovakia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sri Lanka. Sudan, Sweden, Thailand, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America. Uzbekistan .
Author: Richard Malcolm Johnson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Ammonia
Languages : en
Pages : 264
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 1632
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Author: Ahmed Agboola Lasisi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Nitrogen (N) losses in the form of ammonia volatilization limit the efficiency of urea-based fertilizers world-wide. Urease inhibitor, N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) is a promising additive to reduce this N loss. Studies were conducted to test the efficacy of a relatively new NBPT formulation, ARM U (18% NBPT m/v), containing a proprietary polymer that allows for a low NBPT application rate in reducing ammonia volatilization from urea-based fertilizers. The results showed that ARM U reduced ammonia volatilization by an average of 85% across three soils and its effectiveness was not significantly different from other commercial NBPT formulations whose NBPT concentrations were 33-67% greater than ARM U. Further studies showed that delaying N fertilizer application until late-fall, as recommended on the Canadian prairies, did not stop ammonia volatilization from urea-based fertilizers. Across 4 site-year, total ammonia volatilization (% of applied N) from untreated urea-based fertilizers applied in the fall and spring were 14 and 16%, respectively. We found that the reduction of ammonia volatilization by NBPT was significantly greater in the fall (65%) than in the spring (40%) across 4 site-year and the addition of NI with NBPT (double inhibitor, DI) reduced the efficacy of NBPT in decreasing ammonia volatilization from spring-applied urea by 27%. The conserved N by NBPT and DI improved the crop N use efficiency at one of the two sites in this study. Investigation on the interaction between NBPT and NI on urea hydrolysis in five soils at 21 oC and six soils at 5, 15, and 25 oC showed that while NBPT reduced the rate of urea hydrolysis across soils and temperatures, the addition of NI reduced the inhibitory effect of NBPT on urea hydrolysis. Hence, reduction in ammonia volatilization is less with DI than only NBPT. Overall, the research shows that (i) NBPT effectively reduced ammonia volatilization even at a low concentration (ii) significant ammonia volatilization could occur from urea-based fertilizers even at soil temperature below 3 oC (iii) use of NBPT to bridge crop urea use efficiency is site-specific (iv) NI impaired the effectiveness of NBPT in suppressing urea hydrolysis and ammonia volatilization.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 706
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Book Description
Author: Steven Lyle Oberle
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Ammonia as fertilizer
Languages : en
Pages : 410
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Book Description
Author: Vinicius Perin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Synthetic N fertilizers, such as urea, are one of the main anthropogenic sources of atmospheric ammonia (NH3). NH3 volatilization from N fertilizer application can significantly reduce agronomic efficiency (AE), contribute to air pollution, soil acidification and eutrophication of water bodies. Therefore, understanding the processes and factors influencing NH3 volatilization from broadcast urea is pivotal to improve agricultural sustainability. In Chapter 2 of this thesis, the integrated horizontal flux (IHF) approach was used to measure NH3 volatilization from eight field experiments under cold weather conditions in Kansas. NH3 volatilization was measured from circular plots (20-m radius) fertilized with urea and urea amended with urease inhibitor (NBPT) both at rate of 60 kg of N ha−1. The impact of NH3 volatilization losses on winter wheat was evaluated through experimental plots arranged in a complete randomized block design with treatments consisting of four different rates of application (30, 60, 90 and 120 kg N ha−1) of urea and urea + NBPT and control (0 kg N ha−1) . NH3 cumulative losses varied from 1% to 29% of applied N. Largest losses occurred when urea was broadcast to soils with high water content followed by a dry period. The use of urease inhibitor NBPT reduced NH3 volatilization losses in more than 20% at locations where the largest losses ( 25%) occurred. No statistical difference was found in terms of grain yield, N recovery and AE, when comparing urea and urea + NBPT treatments. In Chapter 3, simulations provided by two versions of the Denitrification-Decomposition (DNDC) process-based model (DNDC 9.5 and DNDC v.CAN) were compared with flux data obtained in 29 NH3 volatilization sampling campaigns. These sampling campaigns were conducted in Kansas and Montana using the IHF method over circular plots. Overall, the DNDC v.CAN simulated NH3 emissions with smaller average root mean square error ((RMSE) ̅ = 10.9 kg of N ha−1) compared to the DNDC 9.5 ((RMSE) ̅ = 32.8 kg of N ha−1). Our sensitivity analysis showed that soil pH and soil temperature were the main input variables affecting NH3 volatilization in both models. In addition, our analysis demonstrated several drawbacks that could be improved in future versions of the model to better simulate NH3 volatilization. These potential areas for improvements the DNDC model versions include: i) limitations in the soil-hydrology water sub-model affected the accuracy of the simulations of the effects of soil water content on urea hydrolysis, which has direct effect on NH3 volatilization; ii) both models failed to simulate the effects of accumulated precipitation (≥ 20 mm) on NH3 volatilization during the first 5-15 d post fertilization; iii) future developments of the DNDC should consider adding a more robust routine to simulate the effects of urease inhibitor on NH3 volatilization and iv) the timing of the NH3 volatilization peak after fertilization was underestimated by the DNDC v.CAN and largely overestimated by the DNDC 9.5.
