Aging-Related Changes in Auditory Perception and Cognition: Measurements, Mechanisms, and Interventions PDF Download
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Author: Qian Wang
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2832509576
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 261
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Book Description
Author: Qian Wang
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2832509576
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 261
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Sandra Gordon-Salant
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 144190994X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 311
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Book Description
This volume brings together noted scientists who study presbycusis from the perspective of complementary disciplines, for a review of the current state of knowledge on the aging auditory system. Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is one of the top three most common chronic health conditions affecting individuals aged 65 years and older. The high prevalence of age-related hearing loss compels audiologists, otolaryngologists, and auditory neuroscientists alike to understand the neural, genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying this disorder. A comprehensive understanding of these factors is needed so that effective prevention, intervention, and rehabilitative strategies can be developed to ameliorate the myriad of behavioral manifestations.
Author: Leah Fostick
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889769941
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 191
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Book Description
Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309368650
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 300
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Book Description
For most Americans, staying "mentally sharp" as they age is a very high priority. Declines in memory and decision-making abilities may trigger fears of Alzheimer's disease or other neurodegenerative diseases. However, cognitive aging is a natural process that can have both positive and negative effects on cognitive function in older adults - effects that vary widely among individuals. At this point in time, when the older population is rapidly growing in the United States and across the globe, it is important to examine what is known about cognitive aging and to identify and promote actions that individuals, organizations, communities, and society can take to help older adults maintain and improve their cognitive health. Cognitive Aging assesses the public health dimensions of cognitive aging with an emphasis on definitions and terminology, epidemiology and surveillance, prevention and intervention, education of health professionals, and public awareness and education. This report makes specific recommendations for individuals to reduce the risks of cognitive decline with aging. Aging is inevitable, but there are actions that can be taken by individuals, families, communities, and society that may help to prevent or ameliorate the impact of aging on the brain, understand more about its impact, and help older adults live more fully and independent lives. Cognitive aging is not just an individual or a family or a health care system challenge. It is an issue that affects the fabric of society and requires actions by many and varied stakeholders. Cognitive Aging offers clear steps that individuals, families, communities, health care providers and systems, financial organizations, community groups, public health agencies, and others can take to promote cognitive health and to help older adults live fuller and more independent lives. Ultimately, this report calls for a societal commitment to cognitive aging as a public health issue that requires prompt action across many sectors.
Author: Ayanna K. Thomas
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1108690742
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 1019
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Book Description
Decades of research have demonstrated that normal aging is accompanied by cognitive change. Much of this change has been conceptualized as a decline in function. However, age-related changes are not universal, and decrements in older adult performance may be moderated by experience, genetics, and environmental factors. Cognitive aging research to date has also largely emphasized biological changes in the brain, with less evaluation of the range of external contributors to behavioral manifestations of age-related decrements in performance. This handbook provides a comprehensive overview of cutting-edge cognitive aging research through the lens of a life course perspective that takes into account both behavioral and neural changes. Focusing on the fundamental principles that characterize a life course approach - genetics, early life experiences, motivation, emotion, social contexts, and lifestyle interventions - this handbook is an essential resource for researchers in cognition, aging, and gerontology.
Author: Harriet A. Allen
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889199371
Category : Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry
Languages : en
Pages : 206
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Book Description
Healthy ageing can lead to declines in both perceptual and cognitive functions. Impaired perception, such as that resulting from hearing loss or reduced visual or tactile resolution, increases demands on ‘higher-level’ cognitive functions to cope or compensate. It is possible, for example, to use focused attention to overcome perceptual limitations. Unfortunately, cognitive functions also decline in old age. This can mean that perceptual impairments are exacerbated by cognitive decline, and vice versa, but also means that interventions aimed at one type of decline can lead to improvements in the other. Just as improved cognition can ameliorate perceptual deficits, improving the stimulus can help offset cognitive deficits. For example, making directions and routes easy to follow can help compensate for declines in navigation abilities. In this Topic, we bring together papers from both auditory and visual researchers that address the interaction between perception and cognition in the ageing brain. Many of the studies demonstrate that a broadening of representations or increased reliance on gist underlie perceptual and cognitive age-related declines. There is also clear evidence that impaired perception is associated with poor cognition although, encouragingly, it can also be seen that good perception is associated with better cognition. Compensatory cognitive strategies were less successful in improving perception than might be expected. We also present papers which highlight important methodological considerations that are required when studying the older brain.
Author: Steven P. Roose
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0195152743
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 417
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Book Description
We live in an aging world. Illnesses that are prevalent and cause significant morbidity and mortality in older people will consume an increasing share of health care resources. One such illness is depression. This illness has a particularly devastating impact in the elderly because it is often undiagnosed or inadequately treated. Depression not only has a profound impact on quality of life but it is associated with an increased risk of mortality from suicide and vascular disease. In fact for every medical illness studied, e.g. heart disease, diabetes, cancer, individuals who are depressed have a worse prognosis. Research has illuminated the physiological and behavioral effects of depression that accounts for these poor outcomes. The deleterious relationship between depression and other illnesses has changed the concept of late-life depression from a "psychiatric disorder" that is diagnosed and treated by a psychiatrist to a common and serious disorder that is the responsibility of all physicians who care for patients over the age of 60.This is the first volume devoted to the epidemiology, phenomenology, psychobiology, treatment and consequences of late-life depression. Although much has been written about depressive disorders, the focus has been primarily on the illness as experienced in younger adults. The effects of aging on the brain, the physiological and behavioral consequences of recurrent depression, and the impact of other diseases common in the elderly, make late-life depression a distinct entity. There is a compelling need for a separate research program, specialized treatments, and a book dedicated to this disorder. This book will be invaluable to psychiatrists, gerontologists, clinical psychologists, social workers, students, trainees, and others who care for individuals over the age of sixty.
Author: Micah M. Murray
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1439812179
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 800
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Book Description
It has become accepted in the neuroscience community that perception and performance are quintessentially multisensory by nature. Using the full palette of modern brain imaging and neuroscience methods, The Neural Bases of Multisensory Processes details current understanding in the neural bases for these phenomena as studied across species, stages of development, and clinical statuses. Organized thematically into nine sub-sections, the book is a collection of contributions by leading scientists in the field. Chapters build generally from basic to applied, allowing readers to ascertain how fundamental science informs the clinical and applied sciences. Topics discussed include: Anatomy, essential for understanding the neural substrates of multisensory processing Neurophysiological bases and how multisensory stimuli can dramatically change the encoding processes for sensory information Combinatorial principles and modeling, focusing on efforts to gain a better mechanistic handle on multisensory operations and their network dynamics Development and plasticity Clinical manifestations and how perception and action are affected by altered sensory experience Attention and spatial representations The last sections of the book focus on naturalistic multisensory processes in three separate contexts: motion signals, multisensory contributions to the perception and generation of communication signals, and how the perception of flavor is generated. The text provides a solid introduction for newcomers and a strong overview of the current state of the field for experts.
Author: Jacqueline Alexandra Overton
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780355152012
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is the third most prevalent cause of disability in adults over age 65. However, we still do not have an adequate understanding of the mechanisms underlying ARHL. The primary complaint of those with ARHL is a difficulty comprehending speech, particularly in challenging listening environments. This can lead to social isolation, depression and contribute to cognitive decline. Importantly, impairments in speech processing and comprehension occur even in the absence of measurable changes in hearing thresholds. Similarly, speech comprehension difficulties are often not corrected with hearing aids. Understanding age-related changes in temporal processing in the central auditory system is critical to understanding the neural mechanisms of speech processing deficits associated with ARHL. This is the central question of my thesis.There are five chapters in this dissertation. In Chapter 1, I introduce the thesis with an overview of ARHL, and a review of the literature covering age related changes in speech and temporal processing, and age-related changes in the central auditory pathway. In Chapter 2, I present single-unit electrophysiology data recorded from primary auditory cortex (A1) in older rhesus macaque monkeys in response to amplitude modulated (AM) broadband noise presented across a range of modulation frequencies, and compare those data with the results from younger monkeys reported previously in Yin and colleagues (2011). This was the first study of age-related changes in cortical auditory temporal processing in the macaque. I found that neurons from older monkeys show dramatic changes in their responses to AM noise as measured by their ability to phase-lock to the envelope and by their overall firing rate. Several measures of tuning were correlated in young monkeys, but these relationships were either reversed, or lost in units from older monkeys. Underlying these changes was a decrease in the ability of older neurons to phase-lock to the envelope of an AM stimulus, and dramatically increased spontaneous and evoked firing rates (replicated from previous studies). These data, however, were collected under passive stimulus presentation conditions, so it is unclear how these changes affect the ability to accurately represent the stimulus. The logical follow-up to the study presented in Chapter 2, is to record from single units in macaque A1 while they are performing a task that requires them to attend to and make decisions regarding a specific attribute of the AM stimulus (in this case modulation frequency). I, therefore, designed a two-alternative forced choice (2AFC) AM frequency discrimination task for this purpose. How modulation frequency discrimination ability may change with age had not been tested previously. Hence, in Chapter 3, I present psychophysical data from a cross-sectional sample of 33 human participants ranging in age from 25 to 80 years, and compare those data to results from one 16-year old macaque. I found an age-related decline in AM frequency discrimination at the highest AM frequencies measured, but no age-related difference in performance at lower frequencies. Importantly, age-related changes in discrimination ability were not related to hearing thresholds, further supporting that age-related temporal processing deficits are due to changes in the central auditory system independent of peripheral changes. Comparison to monkey data showed that human subjects’ discrimination ability was more acute overall, and extended to temporal frequencies beyond the monkey’s upper limit of AM frequency discrimination. This result suggests a perceptual specialization in humans for fine changes in temporal frequency that is likely to be relevant to speech processing. This section of the thesis is concluded in Chapter 4, where I discuss the implications of results presented in the previous two chapters in the context of the introductory chapter, and offer directions for future research. Cranial implants are a necessary component of neurophysiological investigation of nonhuman primates. In Chapter 5, I present a methodology for implanting nonhuman primates with custom-fitted acrylic-free headposts and recording cylinders using biocompatible materials. Each titanium headpost was hand-form to fit a 3D-printed replica of the animal’s skull, which was created from CT data. I provide a timeline and detail each step of the process, including information for converting DICOM data to a 3D-printable format. Furthermore, I discuss issues of biocompatibility of materials, and suggest procedures for promoting osseointegration of titanium implants. Overall, these methods have proven to reduce implant surgery times up to 70%. All implanted headposts remained intact and free of infection for the experimental life of each animal (four years and counting).
Author: Denise Park
Publisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 1135887519
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 294
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Book Description
As our society ages, the topic of cognitive aging is becoming increasingly important. This volume provides an accessible overview of how the cognitive system changes as a function of normal aging. Building on the successful first edition, this volume provide an even more comprehensive coverage of the major issues affecting memory, attention, language, speech and other aspects of cognitive functioning. The essential chapters from the first edition have been thoroughly revised and updated and new chapters have been introduced which draw in neuroscience studies and more applied topics. In addition, contributors were encouraged to ensure their chapters are accessible to students studying the topic for the first time. This therefore makes the volume appealing as a textbook on senior undergraduate and graduate courses.
