Aging, neurogenesis and neuroinflammation in hearing loss and protection

Aging, neurogenesis and neuroinflammation in hearing loss and protection PDF Author: Marta Magariños
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889196445
Category : Deafness
Languages : en
Pages : 153

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Book Description
Worldwide, 278 million people are estimated to have moderate to profound hearing loss. Age-related hearing loss, also known as presbyacusis, affects approximately half of the population over 60 years old, making it the second most common cause of disability in older people. Hearing loss occurs when the sensory cells and neurons of the cochlea degenerate and die. The vestibular system, which holds the sense of balance, shares a common embryonic origin with the cochlea and together conform the inner ear. Balance problems are a trait of ageing to the point that balance ability is considered a sensor of physical decline and vestibular degeneration is the most common cause of falls in the elderly. Still the molecular bases of ageing in the vestibular system have not been studied in detail. Genetic and environmental factors contribute to the progression of age-related hearing loss (ARHL). Being noise the main environmental noxious agent for human hearing in the industrialized societies. There is no restorative treatment for deafness but functional replacement by means of prosthesis. Therefore, prevention and treatment of hearing loss is an unmet medical need. To develop innovative medical strategies against hearing loss, it is critical to understand the causes of ARHL and the essential pathways responsible for the manifestation of this complex disease. In this research topic, experts will discuss the stages and molecular elements of the damage and repair processes involved in ARHL, from cellular processes to molecules involved in aging. Oxidative stress takes a central stage as an essential element in the progression of injury and cell loss, and a target for cell protection strategies. Finally, the mechanisms of action and the potential of novel therapies for hair cell repair and protection will be discussed along with drug delivery strategies.

Aging, neurogenesis and neuroinflammation in hearing loss and protection

Aging, neurogenesis and neuroinflammation in hearing loss and protection PDF Author: Marta Magariños
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889196445
Category : Deafness
Languages : en
Pages : 153

Get Book Here

Book Description
Worldwide, 278 million people are estimated to have moderate to profound hearing loss. Age-related hearing loss, also known as presbyacusis, affects approximately half of the population over 60 years old, making it the second most common cause of disability in older people. Hearing loss occurs when the sensory cells and neurons of the cochlea degenerate and die. The vestibular system, which holds the sense of balance, shares a common embryonic origin with the cochlea and together conform the inner ear. Balance problems are a trait of ageing to the point that balance ability is considered a sensor of physical decline and vestibular degeneration is the most common cause of falls in the elderly. Still the molecular bases of ageing in the vestibular system have not been studied in detail. Genetic and environmental factors contribute to the progression of age-related hearing loss (ARHL). Being noise the main environmental noxious agent for human hearing in the industrialized societies. There is no restorative treatment for deafness but functional replacement by means of prosthesis. Therefore, prevention and treatment of hearing loss is an unmet medical need. To develop innovative medical strategies against hearing loss, it is critical to understand the causes of ARHL and the essential pathways responsible for the manifestation of this complex disease. In this research topic, experts will discuss the stages and molecular elements of the damage and repair processes involved in ARHL, from cellular processes to molecules involved in aging. Oxidative stress takes a central stage as an essential element in the progression of injury and cell loss, and a target for cell protection strategies. Finally, the mechanisms of action and the potential of novel therapies for hair cell repair and protection will be discussed along with drug delivery strategies.

Targeting Neuroinflammation in Central Nervous System Disorders: Uncovering Mechanisms, Pharmacological Targets, and Neuropharmaceutical Developments

Targeting Neuroinflammation in Central Nervous System Disorders: Uncovering Mechanisms, Pharmacological Targets, and Neuropharmaceutical Developments PDF Author: Mariela Fernanda Perez
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889741079
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 396

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Book Description


Adult Neurogenesis in the Hippocampus

Adult Neurogenesis in the Hippocampus PDF Author: Juan J. Canales
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 9780128019771
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
Neurogenesis in the adult brain has emerged as one of the most dynamic and rapidly moving fields in modern neuroscience research. The implications of adult neurogenesis for health and well-being are wide-ranging, with findings in this area having distinct relevance for treatment and rehabilitation in neurology and psychopathology. Adult Neurogenesis in the Hippocampus addresses these implications by providing an up-to-date account on how neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus contributes to critical psychological and physiological processes, such as learning and memory, and how it is modified by life experiences, such as aging, environmental enrichment, exercise, and dieting. The book also provides the most current reviews of how adult hippocampal neurogenesis influences the pathogenesis of mood disorders, addiction, and key neurological disorders. This book is the ideal resource for researchers and advanced graduates seeking focused knowledge on the role of adult neurogenesis in brain health and disease.

Canine and Feline Dementia

Canine and Feline Dementia PDF Author: Gary Landsberg
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319532197
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 166

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Book Description
The book deeply focuses on the epidemiology, diagnostics, therapy and molecular basis of canine and feline dementia or cognitive dysfunction syndrome. The aim is to provide a broad overview of the current knowledge on canine and feline dementia. Experiences of clinicians are appropriately linked with current scientific knowledge in a readily comprehensible form. In the first three chapters we describe the clinical pictures of canine and feline dementia, discuss the medical causes of the disease and its phenotypic variability. In the 4th chapter we introduce the dog as an appropriate animal model for human Alzheimer’s disease progression. Then we shed light on the neuropathological hallmarks of canine and feline dementia. For the first time we touch upon the modern diagnostic approaches based on the neuroproteomic technological progress. Last but not least, we address the current pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches for therapy and risk and protective factors of feline and canine dementia. The book addresses clinicians, researchers, university teachers and graduate students in veterinary neurology and medicine.

Toxicological Profile for Toluene

Toxicological Profile for Toluene PDF Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Toluene
Languages : en
Pages : 366

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Book Description


Handbook of Object Novelty Recognition

Handbook of Object Novelty Recognition PDF Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128120142
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 602

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Book Description
Handbook of Object Novelty Recognition, Volume 26, synthesizes the empirical and theoretical advances in the field of object recognition and memory that have occurred since the development of the spontaneous object recognition task. The book is divided into four sections, covering vision and perception of object features and attributions, definitions of concepts that are associated with object recognition, the influence of brain lesions and drugs on various memory functions and processes, and models of neuropsychiatric disorders based on spontaneous object recognition tasks. A final section covers genetic and developmental studies and gender and hormone studies. - Details the brain structures and the neural circuits that underlie memory of objects, including vision and olfaction - Provides a thorough description of the object novelty recognition task, variations on the basic task, and methods and techniques to help researchers avoid common pitfalls - Assists researchers in understanding all aspects of object memory, conducting object novelty recognition tests, and producing reliable, reproducible results

Traumatic Brain and Spinal Cord Injury

Traumatic Brain and Spinal Cord Injury PDF Author: Cristina Morganti-Kossmann
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1107007437
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 361

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Book Description
Presents the most up-to-date clinical and experimental research in neurotrauma in an illustrated, accessible, comprehensive volume.

Noise and Military Service

Noise and Military Service PDF Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309099498
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 339

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Book Description
The Institute of Medicine carried out a study mandated by Congress and sponsored by the Department of Veterans Affairs to provide an assessment of several issues related to noise-induced hearing loss and tinnitus associated with service in the Armed Forces since World War II. The resulting book, Noise and Military Service: Implications for Hearing Loss and Tinnitus, presents findings on the presence of hazardous noise in military settings, levels of noise exposure necessary to cause hearing loss or tinnitus, risk factors for noise-induced hearing loss and tinnitus, the timing of the effects of noise exposure on hearing, and the adequacy of military hearing conservation programs and audiometric testing. The book stresses the importance of conducting hearing tests (audiograms) at the beginning and end of military service for all military personnel and recommends several steps aimed at improving the military services' prevention of and surveillance for hearing loss and tinnitus. The book also identifies research needs, emphasizing topics specifically related to military service.

Aquaporins

Aquaporins PDF Author: Baoxue Yang
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9402410570
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 283

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Book Description
This book provides a state-of-the-art report on our current understanding of aquaporins and the future direction of the field. Aquaporins (AQPs) are a group of water-channel proteins that are specifically permeable to water and other small molecules, such as glycerol and urea. To date thirteen water-channel proteins (AQP0 – AQP12) have been cloned and the mechanisms and physiological functions of water transport across biological membranes have long been the subject of interest. Recent advances in the molecular biology and physiology of water transport have yielded new insights into how and why water moves across cell membranes, and studies on aquaporin knockout mouse models suggest that aquaporins are involved in the development of some diseases and they may be useful targets of research into selective-inhibitor drugs. By focusing on the advances made over the last 20 years in the biophysics, genetics, protein structure, molecular biology, physiology, pathophysiology and pharmacology of aquaporins in mammalian cell membranes, this book provides novel insights into further mechanisms and the physiological significance of water and some small molecule transport in mammals in order to stimulate further research in new directions.

OZONE

OZONE PDF Author: Velio Bocci
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 904819234X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 330

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Book Description
Oxygen-Ozone therapy is a complementary approach less known than homeopathy and acupuncture because it has come of age only three decades ago. This book clarifies that, in the often nebulous field of natural medicine, the biological bases of ozone therapy are totally in line with classical biochemistry, physiological and pharmacological knowledge. Ozone is an oxidizing molecule, a sort of super active oxygen, which, by reacting with blood components generates a number of chemical messengers responsible for activating crucial biological functions such as oxygen delivery, immune activation, release of hormones and induction of antioxidant enzymes, which is an exceptional property for correcting the chronic oxidative stress present in atherosclerosis, diabetes and cancer. Moreover, by inducing nitric oxide synthase, ozone therapy may mobilize endogenous stem cells, which will promote regeneration of ischemic tissues. The description of these phenomena offers the first comprehensive picture for understanding how ozone works and why. When properly used as a real drug within therapeutic range, ozone therapy does not only does not procure adverse effects but yields a feeling of wellness. Half the book describes the value of ozone treatment in several diseases, particularly cutanious infection and vascular diseases where ozone really behaves as a “wonder drug”. The book has been written for clinical researchers, physicians and ozone therapists, but also for the layman or the patient interested in this therapy.