Aerodynamics of Wind Erosion and Particle Collection Through Vegetative Controls PDF Download
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Author: Howell B. Gonzales
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Wind erosion is an important problem in many locations, including the Great Plains, that needs to be controlled to protect soil and land resources. This research was conducted to assess the effectiveness of vegetation (specifically, standing vegetation and tree barriers) as controls for wind erosion. Specific objectives were to: (1) measure sand transport and abrasion on artificial standing vegetation, (2) determine porosity and drag of a single row of Osage orange (Maclura pomifera) barrier, (3) assess effectiveness of Osage orange barriers in reducing dust, (4) predict airflow through standing vegetation, and (5) predict airflow and particle collection through Osage orange barriers. Wind tunnel tests were conducted to measure wind speed profiles, relative abrasion energies, and sand discharge rates for bare sand and for two vegetation heights (150 and 220 mm) at various densities of vegetation. Results showed that vegetation density was directly related to threshold velocity and inversely related to sand discharge. The coefficient of abrasion was adversely affected by saltation discharge but did not depend on wind speed. Field tests measured the aerodynamic and optical porosities of Osage orange trees using wind profiles and image analysis, respectively, and an empirical relationship between the two porosities was derived. Vertical wind profiles were also used to estimate drag coefficients. Optical porosity correlated well with the drag coefficient. Field measurements also showed a row of Osage orange barrier resulted in particulate concentration reduction of 15 to 54% for PM2.5 and 23 to 65% for PM10. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software (OpenFOAM) was used to predict airflow in a wind tunnel with artificial standing vegetation. Predicted wind speeds differed slightly from the measured values, possibly due to oscillatory motions of the standing vegetation not accounted for in the CFD simulation. OpenFOAM was also used to simulate airflow and particle transport through a row of Osage orange barrier. Predicted and measured wind speeds agreed well. Measured dust concentration reduction at two points (upwind and downwind) were also similar to the predicted results.
Author: Howell B. Gonzales
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Wind erosion is an important problem in many locations, including the Great Plains, that needs to be controlled to protect soil and land resources. This research was conducted to assess the effectiveness of vegetation (specifically, standing vegetation and tree barriers) as controls for wind erosion. Specific objectives were to: (1) measure sand transport and abrasion on artificial standing vegetation, (2) determine porosity and drag of a single row of Osage orange (Maclura pomifera) barrier, (3) assess effectiveness of Osage orange barriers in reducing dust, (4) predict airflow through standing vegetation, and (5) predict airflow and particle collection through Osage orange barriers. Wind tunnel tests were conducted to measure wind speed profiles, relative abrasion energies, and sand discharge rates for bare sand and for two vegetation heights (150 and 220 mm) at various densities of vegetation. Results showed that vegetation density was directly related to threshold velocity and inversely related to sand discharge. The coefficient of abrasion was adversely affected by saltation discharge but did not depend on wind speed. Field tests measured the aerodynamic and optical porosities of Osage orange trees using wind profiles and image analysis, respectively, and an empirical relationship between the two porosities was derived. Vertical wind profiles were also used to estimate drag coefficients. Optical porosity correlated well with the drag coefficient. Field measurements also showed a row of Osage orange barrier resulted in particulate concentration reduction of 15 to 54% for PM2.5 and 23 to 65% for PM10. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software (OpenFOAM) was used to predict airflow in a wind tunnel with artificial standing vegetation. Predicted wind speeds differed slightly from the measured values, possibly due to oscillatory motions of the standing vegetation not accounted for in the CFD simulation. OpenFOAM was also used to simulate airflow and particle transport through a row of Osage orange barrier. Predicted and measured wind speeds agreed well. Measured dust concentration reduction at two points (upwind and downwind) were also similar to the predicted results.
Author: United States. Agricultural Research Service
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Wind erosion
Languages : en
Pages : 24
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Book Description
Author: United States. Soil Conservation Service
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Wind erosion
Languages : en
Pages : 8
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Book Description
Author: Glenn Kenton Rule
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dust storms
Languages : en
Pages : 12
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Book Description
Author: J. H. Stallings
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Soil conservation
Languages : en
Pages : 32
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Book Description
Author: Jakolien K. Leenders
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agroforestry
Languages : en
Pages : 188
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Book Description
The study area was located in the Sahelian zone of Burkina Faso.
Author: J. H. Stallings
Publisher: Forgotten Books
ISBN: 9780266866435
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 36
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Book Description
Excerpt from Wind-Erosion Control Wind erosion is perhaps most active in arid and semiarid regions where the land surface is often dry and vulnerable to erosion and the protective vegetation is sparse or absent.' The wind may also move large quantities of soil material in humid regions; and, agriculturally considered, wind activity in such regions may be more important because of the greater value of much of the land affected. Today wind erosion is the most active, the most potent, depleter of soil fertility on most of the Great Plains as well as in other areas. It is one of the greatest natural hazards in the spring and winter wheat areas. Great Plains soils are noted for their high fertility; but this fertility, as in all soils, is largely bound up in the upper, humus-bearing zone. It has taken nature centuries to create this rich topsoil. To lose it during a storm or a series of storms is to lose for immediate crop production the fruit of nature's efforts for centuries. Soil blowing has become a greater problem in Plains agriculture as new areas have been brought into cultivation. This is not necessarily because the hard sweeping winds have become more intense, but because the natural vegetation has been removed and its beneficial effects on the soil have been destroyed. The greatest danger from soil blowing is in early spring, when the highest monthly velocities of the year are encountered and the land is most susceptible to blowing. Soil blowing may be serious any time of the year if not stopped by the use of appropriate con trol measures or prevented by a suitable cover of vegetation. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Author: Jan Gliński
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9048135842
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 1075
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Book Description
This Encyclopedia of Agrophysics will provide up-to-date information on the physical properties and processes affecting the quality of the environment and plant production. It will be a "first-up" volume which will nicely complement the recently published Encyclopedia of Soil Science, (November 2007) which was published in the same series. In a single authoritative volume a collection of about 250 informative articles and ca 400 glossary terms covering all aspects of agrophysics will be presented. The authors will be renowned specialists in various aspects in agrophysics from a wide variety of countries. Agrophysics is important both for research and practical use not only in agriculture, but also in areas like environmental science, land reclamation, food processing etc. Agrophysics is a relatively new interdisciplinary field closely related to Agrochemistry, Agrobiology, Agroclimatology and Agroecology. Nowadays it has been fully accepted as an agricultural and environmental discipline. As such this Encyclopedia volume will be an indispensable working tool for scientists and practitioners from different disciplines, like agriculture, soil science, geosciences, environmental science, geography, and engineering.
Author: Jean Turner
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Revegetation
Languages : en
Pages : 7
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Book Description
Author: Yaping Shao
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1402088957
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 459
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Book Description
Wind erosion occurs in many arid, semiarid and agricultural areas of the world. It is an environmental process in?uenced by geological and climatic variations as well as human activities. In general, wind erosion leads to land degradation in agricultural areas and has a negative impact on air quality. Dustemissiongeneratedbywinderosionisthelargestsourceofaerosolswhich directly or indirectly in?uence the atmospheric radiation balance and hence global climatic variations. Strong wind-erosion events, such as severe dust storms, may threaten human lives and cause substantial economic damage. The physics of wind erosion is complex, as it involves atmospheric, soil and land-surface processes. The research on wind erosion is multidisciplinary, covering meteorology, ?uid dynamics, soil physics, colloidal science, surface soil hydrology, ecology, etc. Several excellent books have already been written about the topic, for instance, by Bagnold (1941, The Physics of Blown Sand and Desert Dunes), Greeley and Iversen (1985, Wind as a Geological P- cess on Earth, Mars, Venus and Titan), Pye (1987, Aeolian Dust and Dust Deposits), Pye and Tsoar (1990, Aeolian Sand and Sand Dunes). However, considerable progress has been made in wind-erosion research in recent years and there is a need to systematically document this progress in a new book.
